SOME IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Industrial Revolution

Effects of the Factory System

Before the Factory System • Goods were produced in the home. • Work required a wide range of skills. • Children did chores at home with the family. • Families worked directly with merchants. • Few people were members of the middle class. After the Factory System • Good were produced in factories. • Work required a few easily learned skills. • Children were employed in large numbers in factories. • Workers dealt with managers and, sometimes, factory owners. • More people joined the middle class.

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATIONON POOR WOMEN The Terrace, by Silvestro Legato, 1868

Women Who Went from CottageIndustries to Factory Work*Earned low wages in low-skill jobs* Separated from their families* No real improvement in their status

Other Working-Class Women* Found jobs as cooks, maids, and child-care workers because more families could afford to hire them* Found some new educational and cultural opportunities in cities* Overall improvement for many women

Effects of Industrialization on Middle-Class Women

Middle-Class WomenFreed from chores because many couldafford to hire domestic helpBegan to attend college and get jobs asteachers and nursesThose who did work often criticized bypeople who said that they should not workoutside the homeMost affected by idea of separate spheres

Industrialized Europe 1900

Causes of the Industrial Revolution•The demands of a growing population•Technological Innovation•Financial Investment/Capital•Human capital, particularly as many poor farmers were forced off their land

EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION• Development of labor-saving, time-saving machines• The factory system• Poor working conditions in factories• Overcrowding, pollution, disease in cities• Competing ideas about economics• Rise in standard of living, growth of middle class• Rise of new industries and powerful industrialists• New emphasis on middle-class home life• Increased power of industrialized countries