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Some common functional groups of biomolecules

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Page 1: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Some common functional groups of biomolecules

Page 2: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

물질에 CH3가 붙어있을 때 CH3를 메틸기라고 합니다. CH3는 메탄(CH4)에서 수소가 하나 빠지고 결합하기 때문에 그런 것입니다. 그리고 물질에 메탄, 에탄, 프로판 등 알칸이 붙어있을때(수소 하나 빠지고) 그것을 알킬기라고 합니다. 즉 메틸기는 알킬기에 속합니다. 참고로 알칸은 C(n)H(2n+2) 구조로 되어있는 물질을 말해요. CH4는 C(1)H(2+2)이고, C2H6(에탄)은 C(2)H(4+2) 구조, C3H8(프로판)은 C(3)H(6+2)구조입니다.

Page 3: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

대표적인 방향족 화합물로, 가연성이 있는 무색 액체이다. 주로 석유로부터 생산되지만 코크스를 생산하는 과정에서 부산물로 얻어지기도 한다. 분자량 78, 녹는점 5.5℃이고, 끓는점이 80.1℃로 가열하면 쉽게 증발한다. 물에 섞이지 않고(무극성), 알코올 · 에테르 · 아세톤 등에 잘 녹으며, 유지나 수지 등을 잘 녹인다. 이 때문에 유기 합성 공업 원료, 휘발유의 옥탄가를 증가시키기 위하여 첨가하는 첨가제, 합성 세제 원료 및 각종 용제 등에 주로 쓰인다. 벤젠은 분자식이 C6H6로, 정육각형 모양의 분자이다. 벤젠의 구조를 나타낼 때에는 아래 그림의 (가)와 (나)의 두 개의 구조식을 써서 나타낸다.

벤젠

Page 4: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Some common functional groups of biomolecules

Page 5: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Amino Acid

Page 6: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

20 common amino acids of proteins

Page 7: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Amino acids

A) Monomers/Building blocks of proteins 20 standard (primary) amino acids in proteins B) All 20 amino acids are α-L (D and L related glyceraldehyde)

Page 8: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 9: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 10: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 11: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Amino acids can act as acids or bases

(≈ inner ion, dipolar ion)

Page 12: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Definition of pI - The pH at which a solute (zwitter ion = 양쪽성 전해질) has no net electric charge and does not move in an electric field. - pI calculated from pK values

Page 13: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA] Log Ka = log([H+][A-]/[HA]) = log[H+] + log([A-]/[HA]) -log[H+] = -log Ka + log([A-]/[HA]) 산의 Henderson-Hasselbalch 식: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

pH pKa

Henderson-Hasselbalch 식의 유도

Page 14: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

[A-] = [HA]이면, pH = pKa

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) = pKa + log 1 = pKa

0

Page 15: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Amino acids have Characteristic titration curve

Page 16: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 17: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Peptide (= amide) bond

N -terminal C-terminal

Always draw peptides from N- Terminal to C terminal !!!

Peptide bond

Page 18: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Properties of peptide bond

1) Covalent

2) Rigid planar unit; has properties of double bond ( double bond character due to resonance and cannot rotate) (The carbonyl oxygen has partial (-) charge and amide N has partial (+) charge, setting up small electric dipole.

Page 19: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common

Naming of polypeptide

- Start with N terminal and proceed to C terminal using acyl group (radical) names. - Drop “ine” or “ic acid” and add “yl” for each amino acids Except the last.

Page 20: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 21: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 22: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 23: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 24: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 25: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 26: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 27: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 28: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 29: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
Page 30: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common
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Page 32: Some common functional groups of biomoleculescontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2014/gangwon/jujinho/2.pdf · 2016-09-09 · functional groups of biomolecules . Amino Acid . 20 common