solutions to mitigate impacts of roads on wildlife movements · solutions to mitigate impacts of...
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Solutions to mitigate impacts of roads on wildlife movements
Ts. Dashzeveg §, B. Buuveibaatar §, B. Lkhagvasuren Ψ, and T.Y. Ito ‡ §Wildlife Conservation Society, Mongolia Program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Ψ Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ‡ Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
Implementing wildlife-friendly measures in infrastructure planning and design in Mongolia, 25 – 29 August 2015, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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Change in distribution of Mongolian gazelle
1930
1965
1995
Source: Reading et al. 1998
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Source: Ito et al. 2013
Movements of satellite collared Mongolia gazelles
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Movements of satellite collared Mongolia gazelles
Source: Ito et al. 2013
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Mongolian gazelle carcass study
Source: Ito et al. 2008
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In 2005, 241 gazelle carcasses recorded, along 630 km of the railroad, estimated to have died < 12 months.
Source: Ito et al. 2008
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SW side
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Distribution of Mongolian gazelle carcass along the railroad
Source: Ito et al. 2008
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STATE POLICY ON RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION
(Parliament Resolution No.32, June 24, 2010)
Phase I - 1100 km
Phase II - 900 km
Phase III - 3600 km
Existing railways
New railway project
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Ecology transportation study tour
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Study tour participants
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Post study tour-WCS initiatives
• WCS hosted the first National Workshop on Road and Railway Wildlife in Ulaanbaatar-May 2013
• Established a joint ministerial working group
• WCS launched the documentary ‘Wildlife Crossing’ to the Mongolian public at a local cinema –June 2014
• WCS wrote the ‘Guidelines for Addressing the Impact of Linear Infrastructure on Large Migratory Mammals in Central Asia’
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Post study tour-WCS initiatives
• Field trips for identification of areas
• Co-hosted WS on Mitigating the impact of linear infrastructure on the movement of wildlife- Nov, 2014
• WCS will continue to advocate for wildlife friendly measures
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Measures to mitigate impacts of existing railroads
15 cm
100 cm
35 cm
50 cm
65 cm
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Measures to Mitigate Impacts
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Khulan does not benefit from modificationof fence design
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Fence removal would allow khulan access to large parts of their former range
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Distribution of khulan during 2012-2015
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Where mitigation measures should be taken?
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Distribution of Mongolian gazelle + household
Source: Olson et al. 2011
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Source: Buuveibaatar et al. 2015
Distribution of khulan + household
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Potential sites for mitigation
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Just two FACTS
• Maintenance cost - 3 million tugrugs per km fence a year
• 6 million tugrugs for both sides
• 1815kmx6 million=10.890.000.000₮
• 80% of herders reside along railroad happy to have the fence removed
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Mitigation site (fence removal & design modification)
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Mitigation site (overpass)
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Solutions for mitigations
Species
Overpass, m Underpass, m
500-1000 200-300 50-70 500-1000 200-300 50-70
Khulan +++ ++ - + + - -
Goitered gazelle +++ +++ + ++ ++ - -
Mongolian gazelle +++ +++ + ++ ++ - -
Argali sheep +++ +++ ++ - - - -
Source: Huijser et al. 2013
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Recommendations
• Partial fence removalFence segments of the railroad should be removed in areas where herder density is low
• Fence design modificationIncreasing the distance from the ground of the lowest fence strand and using barbless strands to encourage gazelles to crawl underneath
• OverpassWildlife crossing structure, for instance, overpass needs to be built in sections where mitigation measures are desired
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Recommendations
• Economical calculations must be done-safety, compensation etc.
• Working groups should consider all aspects such as policy, planning, mitigation measures etc.
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Thank you!Photo by: Takehiko Y. ITo