solutions for tunnel waterproofing - …€¦ · solutions for tunnel waterproofing t unnels are...

6
SOLUTIONS FOR TUNNEL WATERPROOFING T unnels are critically important infrastructure projects. Whether it’s a shallow cut-and-cover utility tunnel or an enormous highway tunnel bored deep underground, nearly all modern tunnels are concrete—built using precast modules, shotcrete, or cast- in-place concrete—and waterproofing is an essential aspect of design. It plays a key role in how well the tunnel performs in the decades to come, and must be carefully installed, as access is severely limited once the project is complete, and any repairs cause a serious interruption in service. Failed tunnel waterproofing can also be a serious safety hazard. Water or ice buildup in a highway tunnel for instance, would be a serious safety hazard. Properly installed, though, waterproofing will dramatically increase the useful life of tunnels and enhance safety. Construction Methods e vast majority of below-grade “tunneling” projects today are actually created using cut-and-cover construction methods. is method—excavated from the surface, then re-covered—is usually cheaper and more practical than bored tunneling. It’s especially practical at shallow depths (30 to 40 feet) but depths to 60 feet are not uncommon. It’s the overwhelming method of choice for traffic, rail and pedestrian underpasses, utility tunnels, and a host of other applications. Small utility tunnels are typically assembled from precast segments. Larger tunnels use cast-in-place concrete, shotcrete, or a combination such as a precast tunnel roof placed onto cast-in-place walls. Waterproofing solution vary based on how the project is built, the construction timetable, and jobsite conditions. Spray-on membranes are common in shallow tunnels, but become rarer as the depth increases. In bored tunnels, Photo Courtesy Xypex Photo Courtesy Xypex The Bremerton Tunnel was waterproofed using a crystalline admix, which is self- sealing and less expensive than the alternative. Form liners were used in the 17 cast-in-place tunnel segments to create patterns on the walls. The Boston CSO project used pre-cast sections set into place using cut-and-cover techniques. 12 WATERPROOF !

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SOLUTIONS FOR TUNNEL WATERPROOFING

Tunnels are critically important infrastructure projects Whether itrsquos a shallow cut-and-cover

utility tunnel or an enormous highway tunnel bored deep underground nearly all modern tunnels are concretemdashbuilt using precast modules shotcrete or cast-in-place concretemdashand waterproofing is an essential aspect of design It plays a key role in how well the tunnel performs in the decades to come and must be carefully installed as access is severely limited once the project is complete and any repairs cause a serious interruption in service Failed tunnel waterproofing can also be a serious safety hazard Water or ice buildup in a highway tunnel for instance would be a serious safety hazard Properly installed though waterproofing will dramatically increase the useful life of tunnels and enhance safety

Construction MethodsThe vast majority of below-grade

ldquotunnelingrdquo projects today are actually created using cut-and-cover construction

methods This methodmdashexcavated from the surface then re-coveredmdashis usually cheaper and more practical than bored tunneling Itrsquos especially practical at shallow depths (30 to 40 feet) but depths to 60 feet are not uncommon Itrsquos the overwhelming method of choice for traffic rail and pedestrian underpasses utility tunnels and a host of other applications

Small utility tunnels are typically

assembled from precast segments Larger tunnels use cast-in-place concrete shotcrete or a combination such as a precast tunnel roof placed onto cast-in-place walls Waterproofing solution vary based on how the project is built the construction timetable and jobsite conditions

Spray-on membranes are common in shallow tunnels but become rarer as the depth increases In bored tunnels

Phot

o C

ourte

sy X

ypex

Phot

o C

ourte

sy X

ypex

The Bremerton Tunnel was waterproofed using a crystalline admix which is self-sealing and less expensive than the alternative Form liners were used in the 17

cast-in-place tunnel segments to create patterns on the walls

The Boston CSO project used pre-cast sections set into place using cut-and-cover techniques

12 WATERPROOF

sheet goods are typically specified and the drainage layer omitted

Perhaps the biggest determinant in selecting a waterproofing system is whether the waterproofer has access to install the membrane from the exterior Otherwise blindside construction techniques are used

In recent years crystalline waterproofing has surged in popularity It has been used in a wide range of tunnel projects with great success

Pre-CastSeveral years ago the city of Boston

embarked on a $150 million project to reduce harbor pollution by capturing stormwater runoff Called the combined sewer overflow system (CSO) the main component is a tunnel 17 feet in diameter and running 25 miles (40 km) under the shoreline that captures the runoff from all the stormwater drains in South Boston and essentially serves as a giant holding tank allowing the existing wastewater treatment plants to process the excess in the days and weeks after the storm

The main tunnel was bored but all the connections to the existing storm drains used pre-cast concrete box culverts buried as much as 20 feet into the ground Most of them (2810 lineal feet) measured 12rsquox12rsquo with 760 combined lineal feet of 9rsquo x 8rsquo and 8rsquo x 8rsquo culverts

These culverts were sealed with a crystalline waterproofing compound from Xypex rather than using a membrane system

According to Les Faure marketing manager at Xypex the system was recommended by the manufacturer of the pre-cast culvert boxes Added to the concrete at the time of batching Xypex Admix C-500 forms a non-soluble crystalline structure throughout the

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Four new Field Installed Systems Available

bullSystemIIICWBConcreteCMUWallWaterproofing

bullSystemIIIRDBRoofDeckWaterproofing

bullSystemIIIMBBWaterproofingGasBarrier

bullSystemIIILWBBlindsideWaterproofingGasBarrier

ExcellentStrengthandChemicalResistance- the result of the unique field installed composite system design utilizing HDPE

Seamless- The highly flexible spray of fluid applied mem-brane forms a monolithic barrier

ExceptionalAdhesion- The sprayed of fluid applied mem-brane bonds tenaciously to almost any substrate in almost any condition including green concrete or a damp substrate

SelfSealing- The bentonite layers seal at any penetration of the system

RedundantProtection- Multiple waterproofing protection courses and drainage plane

S10651

800-882-1896 wwweproservcom

Waterproofing for the Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia

needed to withstand acidic groundwater generated from nearby coal mines

Fall 2016 13

concrete waterproofing and protecting it from the moment itrsquos poured

In previous CSO projects Boston Water and Sewer relied on a coal-tar-and-epoxy product which required significant ventilation and drying time and also created environmental and liability issues The crystalline admix is non-toxic to begin with and produces no waste in the manufacturing process Once added to the mix the concrete is protected against deterioration from the harsh chemical contents of the sewer environment

John Bauld senior project manager with DrsquoAllessandro Construction who played a major role with this project says ldquoThis innovative process saved us considerable manufacturing time and virtually eliminated any environmental impact common in the preparation process ndash and itrsquos more cost effective

We cut the time of manufacturing-to-shipping from 30 days to less than 10rdquo

The culvert portion of the work was completed in 2009 and the entire CSO project became operational in June 2011

Cast-in-PlaceOn the West Coast crystalline

waterproofing was used on the cast-in-place cut-and-cover Bremerton Tunnel across Puget Sound from Seattle Wash Brenden Clarke project engineer for Washington State Dept of Transportation (WSDOT) described the tunnel as a self-supporting concrete box structure with 17 concrete segments each measuring two lanes wide 55 feet long and 16frac12 feet high

Excavation began in the summer of 2007 andmdasheven though extensive soil testing had been donemdashsoon revealed several surprises including

Phot

o C

ourte

sy X

ypex

The 500-foot-long Bremerton Tunnel used soldier piles lagging and shotcrete to secure the sides of the excavation

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Crystalline waterproofing was also used to seal miles and miles of subway lines in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using

cast-in place concrete and slip forms

14 WATERPROOF

0

5

25

75

95

100

anuncio2_RB_final

sexta-feira 19 de agosto de 2016 183231

LeaksLeaksLeaks

Fall 2016 15

underground tanks asbestos and a buried garbage dump containing two Model-T Fords ldquoWe found not just petroleum (contamination) but also metals and PCBsrdquo Clarke said

The primary excavation was a 500-foot-long trench 30 feet deep Material was removed in five-foot lifts and the walls secured with shotcrete and soil nails as the work progressed In deeper areas beams and tiebacks were

also used The concrete box structures that

make up the tunnel are poured in place ldquoWaterproofing the tunnel was a difficult challengerdquo Clarke says The contractor Tri-State recommended crystalline waterproofing from Xypex which was not only self-sealing but was also less expensive than the alternative

Tri-State also recommended using concrete form liners to create relief

patterns on the walls They reused form liners from a previous project to hold down costs Some of the walls have a tree silhouette pattern while others mimic the look of basalt The tunnel was completed in 2009 at a cost of $16 million

Penetron was also used to waterproof more than a dozen kilometers of subway line in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using the ldquocut and coverrdquo technique of cast-in place concrete and slip forms It was also used to seal the station walls and all concrete joints

ShotcreteShotcrete is frequently used in

tunnel work to strengthen and stabilize the excavation It also helps smooth the rough edges of exposed rock piles rock bolts and soil nails Often shotcrete is applied as the final tunnel lining

Crystalline waterproofing has proven successful for this type of tunnel construction as well such as on the

THE WORLDrsquoS BEST WATERPROOFING MATERIALSFOR DECKS AND ROOFTOP PATIOS

DEC-K-ING has the solution to all your deck waterproofing needs

Supplying the decking industry since 1978

REINFORCED VINYL MEMBRANES installed with our superior V-KOTE TEK system provides a Durable Waterproof Deck amp Roof Surface

GREAT PRODUCT FOR ROOFTOP GARDENS

Phone 800-804-6288 wwwglobaldeckingcom

bull MaintenanceFreebull EmbossedforGreater

Tractionbull ContainsUVInhibitors

bull EasytoInstallbull MildewampSaltResistantbull ClassAampCFireRatingbull AttractivePrintsampColors

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Due to acidic mine drainage in the area crystalline waterproofing was used on the Gateway Connector

16 WATERPROOF

Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia This 15-mile road connects Fairmont WV to the Interstate 79 highway

Fairmont has a rich history of coal mining supplying the steel mills and factories of Pittsburgh and in the Ohio River Valley But an overland route for the city was long neglected depriving the area of a connection to the statersquos ldquoHigh Tech Corridorrdquo that hosts a large number of biometric and identity security firms

The tunnel was in the design phases for more than 25 years Construction finally began in 2002 and took more than a decade to complete One reason for the delay was the discovery of pockets of aggressive groundwater conditions including acidic mine drainage from nearby coal mines

To address these concerns the West Virginia Division of Highways asked Central Builder the concrete supplier to find an solution Ultimately the project design engineers specified a crystalline

waterproofing admixture from Penetron It was used to seal the stormwater collection facilities interconnecting vaults and in the critical tunnel lining

ldquoEssentially it protects the concrete from the inside out through a crystalline lattice that permanently seals hairline cracks over the lifetime of the concreterdquo explains Chris Chen director of The Penetron Group ldquoThe structure of the Gateway Connector is now fully

protected from water penetration freeze thaw damage and aggressive waterborne contaminantsrdquo

Itrsquos worth noting that within the past decade manufacturers have updated their guidelines recommending that the product be added directly to the shotcrete during the batching process rather than applied separately ldquoItrsquos more effective from both a performance and a cost basisrdquo says Chen

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Shotcrete enhanced with crystalline waterproofing was used to seal the stormwater collection tunnels as well as the vaults and tunnel lining

Fall 2016 17

sheet goods are typically specified and the drainage layer omitted

Perhaps the biggest determinant in selecting a waterproofing system is whether the waterproofer has access to install the membrane from the exterior Otherwise blindside construction techniques are used

In recent years crystalline waterproofing has surged in popularity It has been used in a wide range of tunnel projects with great success

Pre-CastSeveral years ago the city of Boston

embarked on a $150 million project to reduce harbor pollution by capturing stormwater runoff Called the combined sewer overflow system (CSO) the main component is a tunnel 17 feet in diameter and running 25 miles (40 km) under the shoreline that captures the runoff from all the stormwater drains in South Boston and essentially serves as a giant holding tank allowing the existing wastewater treatment plants to process the excess in the days and weeks after the storm

The main tunnel was bored but all the connections to the existing storm drains used pre-cast concrete box culverts buried as much as 20 feet into the ground Most of them (2810 lineal feet) measured 12rsquox12rsquo with 760 combined lineal feet of 9rsquo x 8rsquo and 8rsquo x 8rsquo culverts

These culverts were sealed with a crystalline waterproofing compound from Xypex rather than using a membrane system

According to Les Faure marketing manager at Xypex the system was recommended by the manufacturer of the pre-cast culvert boxes Added to the concrete at the time of batching Xypex Admix C-500 forms a non-soluble crystalline structure throughout the

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Four new Field Installed Systems Available

bullSystemIIICWBConcreteCMUWallWaterproofing

bullSystemIIIRDBRoofDeckWaterproofing

bullSystemIIIMBBWaterproofingGasBarrier

bullSystemIIILWBBlindsideWaterproofingGasBarrier

ExcellentStrengthandChemicalResistance- the result of the unique field installed composite system design utilizing HDPE

Seamless- The highly flexible spray of fluid applied mem-brane forms a monolithic barrier

ExceptionalAdhesion- The sprayed of fluid applied mem-brane bonds tenaciously to almost any substrate in almost any condition including green concrete or a damp substrate

SelfSealing- The bentonite layers seal at any penetration of the system

RedundantProtection- Multiple waterproofing protection courses and drainage plane

S10651

800-882-1896 wwweproservcom

Waterproofing for the Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia

needed to withstand acidic groundwater generated from nearby coal mines

Fall 2016 13

concrete waterproofing and protecting it from the moment itrsquos poured

In previous CSO projects Boston Water and Sewer relied on a coal-tar-and-epoxy product which required significant ventilation and drying time and also created environmental and liability issues The crystalline admix is non-toxic to begin with and produces no waste in the manufacturing process Once added to the mix the concrete is protected against deterioration from the harsh chemical contents of the sewer environment

John Bauld senior project manager with DrsquoAllessandro Construction who played a major role with this project says ldquoThis innovative process saved us considerable manufacturing time and virtually eliminated any environmental impact common in the preparation process ndash and itrsquos more cost effective

We cut the time of manufacturing-to-shipping from 30 days to less than 10rdquo

The culvert portion of the work was completed in 2009 and the entire CSO project became operational in June 2011

Cast-in-PlaceOn the West Coast crystalline

waterproofing was used on the cast-in-place cut-and-cover Bremerton Tunnel across Puget Sound from Seattle Wash Brenden Clarke project engineer for Washington State Dept of Transportation (WSDOT) described the tunnel as a self-supporting concrete box structure with 17 concrete segments each measuring two lanes wide 55 feet long and 16frac12 feet high

Excavation began in the summer of 2007 andmdasheven though extensive soil testing had been donemdashsoon revealed several surprises including

Phot

o C

ourte

sy X

ypex

The 500-foot-long Bremerton Tunnel used soldier piles lagging and shotcrete to secure the sides of the excavation

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Crystalline waterproofing was also used to seal miles and miles of subway lines in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using

cast-in place concrete and slip forms

14 WATERPROOF

0

5

25

75

95

100

anuncio2_RB_final

sexta-feira 19 de agosto de 2016 183231

LeaksLeaksLeaks

Fall 2016 15

underground tanks asbestos and a buried garbage dump containing two Model-T Fords ldquoWe found not just petroleum (contamination) but also metals and PCBsrdquo Clarke said

The primary excavation was a 500-foot-long trench 30 feet deep Material was removed in five-foot lifts and the walls secured with shotcrete and soil nails as the work progressed In deeper areas beams and tiebacks were

also used The concrete box structures that

make up the tunnel are poured in place ldquoWaterproofing the tunnel was a difficult challengerdquo Clarke says The contractor Tri-State recommended crystalline waterproofing from Xypex which was not only self-sealing but was also less expensive than the alternative

Tri-State also recommended using concrete form liners to create relief

patterns on the walls They reused form liners from a previous project to hold down costs Some of the walls have a tree silhouette pattern while others mimic the look of basalt The tunnel was completed in 2009 at a cost of $16 million

Penetron was also used to waterproof more than a dozen kilometers of subway line in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using the ldquocut and coverrdquo technique of cast-in place concrete and slip forms It was also used to seal the station walls and all concrete joints

ShotcreteShotcrete is frequently used in

tunnel work to strengthen and stabilize the excavation It also helps smooth the rough edges of exposed rock piles rock bolts and soil nails Often shotcrete is applied as the final tunnel lining

Crystalline waterproofing has proven successful for this type of tunnel construction as well such as on the

THE WORLDrsquoS BEST WATERPROOFING MATERIALSFOR DECKS AND ROOFTOP PATIOS

DEC-K-ING has the solution to all your deck waterproofing needs

Supplying the decking industry since 1978

REINFORCED VINYL MEMBRANES installed with our superior V-KOTE TEK system provides a Durable Waterproof Deck amp Roof Surface

GREAT PRODUCT FOR ROOFTOP GARDENS

Phone 800-804-6288 wwwglobaldeckingcom

bull MaintenanceFreebull EmbossedforGreater

Tractionbull ContainsUVInhibitors

bull EasytoInstallbull MildewampSaltResistantbull ClassAampCFireRatingbull AttractivePrintsampColors

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Due to acidic mine drainage in the area crystalline waterproofing was used on the Gateway Connector

16 WATERPROOF

Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia This 15-mile road connects Fairmont WV to the Interstate 79 highway

Fairmont has a rich history of coal mining supplying the steel mills and factories of Pittsburgh and in the Ohio River Valley But an overland route for the city was long neglected depriving the area of a connection to the statersquos ldquoHigh Tech Corridorrdquo that hosts a large number of biometric and identity security firms

The tunnel was in the design phases for more than 25 years Construction finally began in 2002 and took more than a decade to complete One reason for the delay was the discovery of pockets of aggressive groundwater conditions including acidic mine drainage from nearby coal mines

To address these concerns the West Virginia Division of Highways asked Central Builder the concrete supplier to find an solution Ultimately the project design engineers specified a crystalline

waterproofing admixture from Penetron It was used to seal the stormwater collection facilities interconnecting vaults and in the critical tunnel lining

ldquoEssentially it protects the concrete from the inside out through a crystalline lattice that permanently seals hairline cracks over the lifetime of the concreterdquo explains Chris Chen director of The Penetron Group ldquoThe structure of the Gateway Connector is now fully

protected from water penetration freeze thaw damage and aggressive waterborne contaminantsrdquo

Itrsquos worth noting that within the past decade manufacturers have updated their guidelines recommending that the product be added directly to the shotcrete during the batching process rather than applied separately ldquoItrsquos more effective from both a performance and a cost basisrdquo says Chen

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Shotcrete enhanced with crystalline waterproofing was used to seal the stormwater collection tunnels as well as the vaults and tunnel lining

Fall 2016 17

concrete waterproofing and protecting it from the moment itrsquos poured

In previous CSO projects Boston Water and Sewer relied on a coal-tar-and-epoxy product which required significant ventilation and drying time and also created environmental and liability issues The crystalline admix is non-toxic to begin with and produces no waste in the manufacturing process Once added to the mix the concrete is protected against deterioration from the harsh chemical contents of the sewer environment

John Bauld senior project manager with DrsquoAllessandro Construction who played a major role with this project says ldquoThis innovative process saved us considerable manufacturing time and virtually eliminated any environmental impact common in the preparation process ndash and itrsquos more cost effective

We cut the time of manufacturing-to-shipping from 30 days to less than 10rdquo

The culvert portion of the work was completed in 2009 and the entire CSO project became operational in June 2011

Cast-in-PlaceOn the West Coast crystalline

waterproofing was used on the cast-in-place cut-and-cover Bremerton Tunnel across Puget Sound from Seattle Wash Brenden Clarke project engineer for Washington State Dept of Transportation (WSDOT) described the tunnel as a self-supporting concrete box structure with 17 concrete segments each measuring two lanes wide 55 feet long and 16frac12 feet high

Excavation began in the summer of 2007 andmdasheven though extensive soil testing had been donemdashsoon revealed several surprises including

Phot

o C

ourte

sy X

ypex

The 500-foot-long Bremerton Tunnel used soldier piles lagging and shotcrete to secure the sides of the excavation

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Crystalline waterproofing was also used to seal miles and miles of subway lines in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using

cast-in place concrete and slip forms

14 WATERPROOF

0

5

25

75

95

100

anuncio2_RB_final

sexta-feira 19 de agosto de 2016 183231

LeaksLeaksLeaks

Fall 2016 15

underground tanks asbestos and a buried garbage dump containing two Model-T Fords ldquoWe found not just petroleum (contamination) but also metals and PCBsrdquo Clarke said

The primary excavation was a 500-foot-long trench 30 feet deep Material was removed in five-foot lifts and the walls secured with shotcrete and soil nails as the work progressed In deeper areas beams and tiebacks were

also used The concrete box structures that

make up the tunnel are poured in place ldquoWaterproofing the tunnel was a difficult challengerdquo Clarke says The contractor Tri-State recommended crystalline waterproofing from Xypex which was not only self-sealing but was also less expensive than the alternative

Tri-State also recommended using concrete form liners to create relief

patterns on the walls They reused form liners from a previous project to hold down costs Some of the walls have a tree silhouette pattern while others mimic the look of basalt The tunnel was completed in 2009 at a cost of $16 million

Penetron was also used to waterproof more than a dozen kilometers of subway line in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using the ldquocut and coverrdquo technique of cast-in place concrete and slip forms It was also used to seal the station walls and all concrete joints

ShotcreteShotcrete is frequently used in

tunnel work to strengthen and stabilize the excavation It also helps smooth the rough edges of exposed rock piles rock bolts and soil nails Often shotcrete is applied as the final tunnel lining

Crystalline waterproofing has proven successful for this type of tunnel construction as well such as on the

THE WORLDrsquoS BEST WATERPROOFING MATERIALSFOR DECKS AND ROOFTOP PATIOS

DEC-K-ING has the solution to all your deck waterproofing needs

Supplying the decking industry since 1978

REINFORCED VINYL MEMBRANES installed with our superior V-KOTE TEK system provides a Durable Waterproof Deck amp Roof Surface

GREAT PRODUCT FOR ROOFTOP GARDENS

Phone 800-804-6288 wwwglobaldeckingcom

bull MaintenanceFreebull EmbossedforGreater

Tractionbull ContainsUVInhibitors

bull EasytoInstallbull MildewampSaltResistantbull ClassAampCFireRatingbull AttractivePrintsampColors

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Due to acidic mine drainage in the area crystalline waterproofing was used on the Gateway Connector

16 WATERPROOF

Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia This 15-mile road connects Fairmont WV to the Interstate 79 highway

Fairmont has a rich history of coal mining supplying the steel mills and factories of Pittsburgh and in the Ohio River Valley But an overland route for the city was long neglected depriving the area of a connection to the statersquos ldquoHigh Tech Corridorrdquo that hosts a large number of biometric and identity security firms

The tunnel was in the design phases for more than 25 years Construction finally began in 2002 and took more than a decade to complete One reason for the delay was the discovery of pockets of aggressive groundwater conditions including acidic mine drainage from nearby coal mines

To address these concerns the West Virginia Division of Highways asked Central Builder the concrete supplier to find an solution Ultimately the project design engineers specified a crystalline

waterproofing admixture from Penetron It was used to seal the stormwater collection facilities interconnecting vaults and in the critical tunnel lining

ldquoEssentially it protects the concrete from the inside out through a crystalline lattice that permanently seals hairline cracks over the lifetime of the concreterdquo explains Chris Chen director of The Penetron Group ldquoThe structure of the Gateway Connector is now fully

protected from water penetration freeze thaw damage and aggressive waterborne contaminantsrdquo

Itrsquos worth noting that within the past decade manufacturers have updated their guidelines recommending that the product be added directly to the shotcrete during the batching process rather than applied separately ldquoItrsquos more effective from both a performance and a cost basisrdquo says Chen

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Shotcrete enhanced with crystalline waterproofing was used to seal the stormwater collection tunnels as well as the vaults and tunnel lining

Fall 2016 17

0

5

25

75

95

100

anuncio2_RB_final

sexta-feira 19 de agosto de 2016 183231

LeaksLeaksLeaks

Fall 2016 15

underground tanks asbestos and a buried garbage dump containing two Model-T Fords ldquoWe found not just petroleum (contamination) but also metals and PCBsrdquo Clarke said

The primary excavation was a 500-foot-long trench 30 feet deep Material was removed in five-foot lifts and the walls secured with shotcrete and soil nails as the work progressed In deeper areas beams and tiebacks were

also used The concrete box structures that

make up the tunnel are poured in place ldquoWaterproofing the tunnel was a difficult challengerdquo Clarke says The contractor Tri-State recommended crystalline waterproofing from Xypex which was not only self-sealing but was also less expensive than the alternative

Tri-State also recommended using concrete form liners to create relief

patterns on the walls They reused form liners from a previous project to hold down costs Some of the walls have a tree silhouette pattern while others mimic the look of basalt The tunnel was completed in 2009 at a cost of $16 million

Penetron was also used to waterproof more than a dozen kilometers of subway line in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using the ldquocut and coverrdquo technique of cast-in place concrete and slip forms It was also used to seal the station walls and all concrete joints

ShotcreteShotcrete is frequently used in

tunnel work to strengthen and stabilize the excavation It also helps smooth the rough edges of exposed rock piles rock bolts and soil nails Often shotcrete is applied as the final tunnel lining

Crystalline waterproofing has proven successful for this type of tunnel construction as well such as on the

THE WORLDrsquoS BEST WATERPROOFING MATERIALSFOR DECKS AND ROOFTOP PATIOS

DEC-K-ING has the solution to all your deck waterproofing needs

Supplying the decking industry since 1978

REINFORCED VINYL MEMBRANES installed with our superior V-KOTE TEK system provides a Durable Waterproof Deck amp Roof Surface

GREAT PRODUCT FOR ROOFTOP GARDENS

Phone 800-804-6288 wwwglobaldeckingcom

bull MaintenanceFreebull EmbossedforGreater

Tractionbull ContainsUVInhibitors

bull EasytoInstallbull MildewampSaltResistantbull ClassAampCFireRatingbull AttractivePrintsampColors

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Due to acidic mine drainage in the area crystalline waterproofing was used on the Gateway Connector

16 WATERPROOF

Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia This 15-mile road connects Fairmont WV to the Interstate 79 highway

Fairmont has a rich history of coal mining supplying the steel mills and factories of Pittsburgh and in the Ohio River Valley But an overland route for the city was long neglected depriving the area of a connection to the statersquos ldquoHigh Tech Corridorrdquo that hosts a large number of biometric and identity security firms

The tunnel was in the design phases for more than 25 years Construction finally began in 2002 and took more than a decade to complete One reason for the delay was the discovery of pockets of aggressive groundwater conditions including acidic mine drainage from nearby coal mines

To address these concerns the West Virginia Division of Highways asked Central Builder the concrete supplier to find an solution Ultimately the project design engineers specified a crystalline

waterproofing admixture from Penetron It was used to seal the stormwater collection facilities interconnecting vaults and in the critical tunnel lining

ldquoEssentially it protects the concrete from the inside out through a crystalline lattice that permanently seals hairline cracks over the lifetime of the concreterdquo explains Chris Chen director of The Penetron Group ldquoThe structure of the Gateway Connector is now fully

protected from water penetration freeze thaw damage and aggressive waterborne contaminantsrdquo

Itrsquos worth noting that within the past decade manufacturers have updated their guidelines recommending that the product be added directly to the shotcrete during the batching process rather than applied separately ldquoItrsquos more effective from both a performance and a cost basisrdquo says Chen

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Shotcrete enhanced with crystalline waterproofing was used to seal the stormwater collection tunnels as well as the vaults and tunnel lining

Fall 2016 17

underground tanks asbestos and a buried garbage dump containing two Model-T Fords ldquoWe found not just petroleum (contamination) but also metals and PCBsrdquo Clarke said

The primary excavation was a 500-foot-long trench 30 feet deep Material was removed in five-foot lifts and the walls secured with shotcrete and soil nails as the work progressed In deeper areas beams and tiebacks were

also used The concrete box structures that

make up the tunnel are poured in place ldquoWaterproofing the tunnel was a difficult challengerdquo Clarke says The contractor Tri-State recommended crystalline waterproofing from Xypex which was not only self-sealing but was also less expensive than the alternative

Tri-State also recommended using concrete form liners to create relief

patterns on the walls They reused form liners from a previous project to hold down costs Some of the walls have a tree silhouette pattern while others mimic the look of basalt The tunnel was completed in 2009 at a cost of $16 million

Penetron was also used to waterproof more than a dozen kilometers of subway line in Satildeo Paulo Brazil built using the ldquocut and coverrdquo technique of cast-in place concrete and slip forms It was also used to seal the station walls and all concrete joints

ShotcreteShotcrete is frequently used in

tunnel work to strengthen and stabilize the excavation It also helps smooth the rough edges of exposed rock piles rock bolts and soil nails Often shotcrete is applied as the final tunnel lining

Crystalline waterproofing has proven successful for this type of tunnel construction as well such as on the

THE WORLDrsquoS BEST WATERPROOFING MATERIALSFOR DECKS AND ROOFTOP PATIOS

DEC-K-ING has the solution to all your deck waterproofing needs

Supplying the decking industry since 1978

REINFORCED VINYL MEMBRANES installed with our superior V-KOTE TEK system provides a Durable Waterproof Deck amp Roof Surface

GREAT PRODUCT FOR ROOFTOP GARDENS

Phone 800-804-6288 wwwglobaldeckingcom

bull MaintenanceFreebull EmbossedforGreater

Tractionbull ContainsUVInhibitors

bull EasytoInstallbull MildewampSaltResistantbull ClassAampCFireRatingbull AttractivePrintsampColors

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Due to acidic mine drainage in the area crystalline waterproofing was used on the Gateway Connector

16 WATERPROOF

Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia This 15-mile road connects Fairmont WV to the Interstate 79 highway

Fairmont has a rich history of coal mining supplying the steel mills and factories of Pittsburgh and in the Ohio River Valley But an overland route for the city was long neglected depriving the area of a connection to the statersquos ldquoHigh Tech Corridorrdquo that hosts a large number of biometric and identity security firms

The tunnel was in the design phases for more than 25 years Construction finally began in 2002 and took more than a decade to complete One reason for the delay was the discovery of pockets of aggressive groundwater conditions including acidic mine drainage from nearby coal mines

To address these concerns the West Virginia Division of Highways asked Central Builder the concrete supplier to find an solution Ultimately the project design engineers specified a crystalline

waterproofing admixture from Penetron It was used to seal the stormwater collection facilities interconnecting vaults and in the critical tunnel lining

ldquoEssentially it protects the concrete from the inside out through a crystalline lattice that permanently seals hairline cracks over the lifetime of the concreterdquo explains Chris Chen director of The Penetron Group ldquoThe structure of the Gateway Connector is now fully

protected from water penetration freeze thaw damage and aggressive waterborne contaminantsrdquo

Itrsquos worth noting that within the past decade manufacturers have updated their guidelines recommending that the product be added directly to the shotcrete during the batching process rather than applied separately ldquoItrsquos more effective from both a performance and a cost basisrdquo says Chen

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Shotcrete enhanced with crystalline waterproofing was used to seal the stormwater collection tunnels as well as the vaults and tunnel lining

Fall 2016 17

Gateway Connector Highway in West Virginia This 15-mile road connects Fairmont WV to the Interstate 79 highway

Fairmont has a rich history of coal mining supplying the steel mills and factories of Pittsburgh and in the Ohio River Valley But an overland route for the city was long neglected depriving the area of a connection to the statersquos ldquoHigh Tech Corridorrdquo that hosts a large number of biometric and identity security firms

The tunnel was in the design phases for more than 25 years Construction finally began in 2002 and took more than a decade to complete One reason for the delay was the discovery of pockets of aggressive groundwater conditions including acidic mine drainage from nearby coal mines

To address these concerns the West Virginia Division of Highways asked Central Builder the concrete supplier to find an solution Ultimately the project design engineers specified a crystalline

waterproofing admixture from Penetron It was used to seal the stormwater collection facilities interconnecting vaults and in the critical tunnel lining

ldquoEssentially it protects the concrete from the inside out through a crystalline lattice that permanently seals hairline cracks over the lifetime of the concreterdquo explains Chris Chen director of The Penetron Group ldquoThe structure of the Gateway Connector is now fully

protected from water penetration freeze thaw damage and aggressive waterborne contaminantsrdquo

Itrsquos worth noting that within the past decade manufacturers have updated their guidelines recommending that the product be added directly to the shotcrete during the batching process rather than applied separately ldquoItrsquos more effective from both a performance and a cost basisrdquo says Chen

Phot

o C

ourte

sy P

enet

ron

Shotcrete enhanced with crystalline waterproofing was used to seal the stormwater collection tunnels as well as the vaults and tunnel lining

Fall 2016 17