Solo and Choral Music

By: Limu Betil and Marian Mahilum

7-Earth

What is a solo?

Solo is a thing done by one person unaccompaniedor perform something unaccompanied, in

particular.

What is a choral?

A choral is composed for or sung by a choir or chorus.

Vocal Music Composition

• Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating a new piece of music. People

who practice composition are called composers.

• Composition consists in two things only. The first is the ordering and disposing of several sounds in such a manner that their succession pleases

the ear. This is what the Ancients called melody. The second is the rendering audible of two or more simultaneous sounds in such a manner

that their combination is pleasant. This is what we call harmony, and it alone merits the name of composition.

Examples of Solo Choral music

• Sa Ugoy ng Duyan (Lucio San Pedro)

• Payapang Daigdig (Felipe De Leon)

Sa Ugoy Ng DuyanSana'y di nagmaliw ang dati kong arawNang munti pang bata sa piling ni NanayNais kong maulit ang awit ni Inang mahalAwit ng pag-ibig habang ako'y nasa duyan

Sana'y di nagmaliw ang dati kong arawNang munti pang bata sa piling ni NanayNais kong maulit ang awit ni Inang mahalAwit ng pag-ibig habang ako'y nasa duyan

Refrain: Sa aking pagtulog na labis ang himbingAng bantay ko'y tala, ang tanod ko'y bituinSa piling ni Nanay, langit ay buhayPuso kong may dusa sabik sa ugoy ng duyan

Sana'y di nagmaliw ang dati kong arawNang munti pang bata sa piling ni NanayNais kong maulit ang awit ni Inang mahalAwit ng pag-ibig habang ako'y nasa duyan

Sa aking pagtulog na labis ang himbingAng bantay ko'y tala, ang tanod ko'y bituinSa piling ni Nanay, langit ay buhayPuso kong may dusa sabik sa ugoy ng duyan

Nais kong matulog sa dating duyan ko, InayOh! Inay

Payapang DaigdigAng gabi'y payapa

Lahat ay tahimik

Pati mga tala

Sa bughaw na langit

Kay hinhin ng hangin

Waring umiibig

Sa kapayapaan

Ng buong daigdig

Payapang panahonAy diwa ng buhayBiyaya ng Diyos

Sa sangkatauhan

Ang gabi'y payapaLahat ay tahimik

Pati mga talaSa bughaw na langit

Famous Filipino Vocal Music Composers

• Lucio San Pedro

(February 11, 1913 – March 31, 2002)

• Felipe De Leon

(May 1, 1912 – May 1 2012)

Lucio San Pedro

He was a Filipino composer and teacher. San Pedro came from a family with

musical roots and he began his career early. When he was still in his late teens, he succeeded his deceased grandfather as the local church organist. By then, he

had already composed songs, hymns and two complete masses for voices and

orchestra. After studying with several prominent musicians in the Philippines, he took advanced composition training

with Bernard Wagenaar of the Netherlands.

He also studied harmony and orchestration under Vittorio Giannini and took classes at Juilliard in 1947. His other vocation was teaching. He has taught at the Ateneo de Manila University, virtually all the major music conservatories in Manila, and at the College of Music of the University of the Philippines, Diliman, where he retired as a full professor in 1978. He later received the title Professor Emeritus from the University in 1979. He also became a faculty member of the Centro Escolar University Conservatory of Music in Manila.

On May 9, 1991, President Corazon C. Aquino proclaimed San Pedro a National Artist of the Philippines for Music.

He married Gertrudes Díaz with whom he had five children: Rhodora, Bienvenido, María Conchita, María Cristina and Lucio,

Jr. San Pedro died of cardiac arrest on March 31, 2002 in Quezon City, at the age of 89. He is buried in his hometown of Angono, Rizal. His orchestral music includes The Devil’s Bridge, Malakasat Maganda overture, Prelude and Fugue in D minor, Hope and Ambition; choral music includes Easter cantata, Sa Mahal kongBayan, Rizal’s Valedictory Poem; Vocal music include Lulay, Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, In the Silence of the Night; and band music Dance of the Fairies, Triumphal March, Lahing Kayumanggi,

Angononian March among others.

Felipe De Leon

He was a major Philippine composer, conductor, and scholar. He was known best for translating the lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem from the original Spanish to Tagalog. A recepient of numerous awards and honors, he was posthumously named National Artist of the Philippines for music in 1997. He was married to Iluminada Bonus Mendoza and the father of six equally gifted and musical children: (in order of birth) Felipe Mendoza de Leon, Bayani de Leon, Tagumpay de Leon, Luningning de Leon-Carbonell, Magdangal de Leon and Marilag de Leon-Mendoza.

Felipe Padilla de Leon was born in Peñaranda, Nueva Ecija on May 1, 1912. He was educated in Manila and the United States. He taught in various schools in the capital city. He became conductor of Banda Malaya No. 1 of Taytay, Rizal. He was known for Filipinizing western music forms. He was a prodigious composer: for orchestra, Mariang Makiling Overture (1939), Roca Encantada(1950), Maynila Overture (1976), Orchesterstuk (1981); for choral music, Ako'y Pilipino, Lupang Tinubuan, and Ama Namin. De Leon wrote his famous piece "Payapang Daigdig" the morning after he woke up to the destruction of the city of Manila during World War II.He also wrote the classic songs Bulaklak, Alitaptap, Mutya ng Lahi and the kundiman Sarong Banggi. He also composed the first full-length Filipino opera, Noli Me Tangere, and subsequently El Filibusterismo. Many Martial Law babies recall singing his patriotic song " Bagong Lipunan" immediately after the national anthem.

He was conferred various awards and distinctions including the Republic Cultural Heritage Award, Doctor of Humanities from UP, Rizal Pro-Patria

Award, Presidential Award of Merit, Patnubay ngSining at Kalinangan Award from the City of Manila, among others. On December 8, 1997 De Leon was

posthumously conferred by President Fidel V. Ramos the highest honor a Filipino artist can

receive, the National Artist Award for music. He is still considered the most prolific composer in

Philippine music. The Felipe Padilla de Leon High School in Nueva Ecija was named after him. He

composed 327 compositions. Some of his compositions are Ako’y Pilipino, Ala-ala Kita sa

Aking Pagtulog, Alay ng Kabataan, Ang Watawat, Ang Wika, Banner of Victory , Bantig ng Watawat, Dalawang Puso, Damit ni Inday, Payapang Daigdig,

Penaranda Hymn and many more.

What is a National Artist?

• A National Artist is a Filipino citizen who has been given the rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his or her significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and letters.

How are National Artists proclaimed?

• The Order is the highest state honour conferred on individuals deemed as having done much for their artistic field. Deserving individuals must have been recommended by both the Cultural Center and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts prior to receiving the award. Such people are then titled, by virtue of a Presidential Proclamation, as National Artist (Filipino: Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining, "National Servant of the Arts Award"), and are inducted into the Order.

• Recipients attends a conferment ceremony at Malacañang Palace, where the President bestows on them the insignia of the Order: an ornate, gilt Collar and a small pin, both depicting the Order's emblem. In addition to the Collar, each new Member is given a citation that is presented during the conferment ceremony. The Cultural Center of the Philippines then presents a Memorabilia Exhibit of the recipients' works, and holds a Gabi ng Parangal (A Night of Tributes) for the National Artists at the TanghalangPambansa.

Categories

• Music - composition, direction, and/or performance;• Dance - choreography, direction and/or performance;• Theater – direction, performance and/or production design;• Visual Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography,

installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art and/or imaging;

• Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism and/or literary criticism;

• Film and Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, camera work, and/or performance; and

• Architecture, Design and Allied Arts – architecture design, interior design, industrial arts design, landscape architecture and fashion design.

Is there a criteria for being a National Artist?

Nominations for National Artist of the Philippines are based on a broad criteria, as set forth by the Cultural Center of the Philippines and the National Commission on Culture and the Arts:

• Living artists who have been Filipino citizens for the last ten years prior to nomination as well as those who have died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death;

• Artists who have helped build a Filipino sense of nationhood through the content and form of their works;

• Artists who have distinguished themselves by pioneering in a mode of creative expression or style, making an impact on succeeding generations of artists

• Artists who have created a significant body of works and/or have consistently displayed excellence in the practice of their art form, enriching artistic expression or style; and

• Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through prestigious national and/or international recognition, awards in prestigious national and/or international events, critical acclaim and/or reviews of their works, and/or respect and esteem from peers within an artistic discipline.

Nominations are then submitted to the National Artist Secretariat that is created by the National Artist Award Committee; experts from the different art fields then sit on a First Deliberation to prepare the short list of nominees. A Second Deliberation, which is a joint meeting of the Commissioners of the NCCA and the Board of Trustees of the CCP, decides on the final recomendees. The list is then forwarded to the President of the Philippines, who, by Presidential Proclamation, proclaims the final nominees as members of the Order of National Artists.