solid waste site suitability analysis using gis and remote ... · solid waste site suitability...

By

Tirusew Ayisheshim

Solid Waste Site Suitability Analysis Using GIS and Remote Sensing

in Bahir Dar Town, North western Ethiopia

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Solid waste is a global environmental problem in today’s

world .because of

Increasing population,

The rapid economic growth and

The rise in community living standards accelerate solid

waste generation in developing cities.

There is an increase in commercial, residential and

infrastructure development due to the population growth and this has negative impact on the environment.

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According to Radzicki (1995) In the last 200 years, world

population has increased six times, and the urban population

has multiplied 100 times.

Urban population has been consuming land resources and

producing pollutant wastes at increasing rate

In urban area most solid wastes are disposed on the land

with access to water bodies, crop filed, settlement, around

road, etc.

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Background of the Study cont…

Background of the Study cont…

This unplanned dumping of solid waste leads to a number

of problems.

Disposal of solid waste on the land without careful planning and

management can present a severe problem to the environment

and human health.

This study was providing potentially suitable solid waste

dumping sites for Bahir DarTown.

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Statement of the Problem

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Urban solid waste is considered as one of the most immediate

and serious environmental problems in developing countries

like Ethiopia.

The major cause of this problem is due to the location of

dumping site which is located at unsuitable areas.

Similarly in Bair Dar town there are some series problems in

the case of solid waste disposal sites.

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One land fill site was selected simply by the helping of

consultants (UNEP, Forum for environment, 2010A).

They were not used any scientific method.

Thus , the study was conduced to eliminate these problem by

integrating remote sensing and GIS technique to select the best

possible dumping sites for solid waste.

Statement of the Problem …

Objectives

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General Objectives

To investigate suitable sites for solid waste disposal using

Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in Bahir Dar Town.

Specific Objectives

To identify important criteria for locating a solid waste

disposal site in Bahir Dar town.

To analyze suitable areas according to the criteria

selected for solid waste disposal in Bahir Dar town.

To map suitable disposal site for Bahir Dar town.

Research Question

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To realized the stated objectives, the following questions were

proposed:

What are the important criteria for locating a solid waste

disposal site?

Which areas are suitable for solid waste disposal from the

locations that located after the selected criteria were analyzed?

How is a suitable disposal map developed?

Study Area map

MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Materials/Software’s

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The following Materials and software’s were used.

GPS to collect grounding points.

ERDAS Imagine 9.1 to analyze the satellite images.

ArcGIS 9.2 to digitized and combine the parameters.

IDRISI Andes 15 for pair wise comparison and multi criteria

evaluation.

Methods

Data Collection

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Primary data:

GCP data

Secondary data :

DEM, Spot image and Protected area acquired from (EMA).

Road, river , lake, airport , settlements and Built up area were

(Digitized from spot image).

Master plan and Administrative boundary of the town were taken

from (Bahir Dar town municipality).

Methods …

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About 140 GCP were collected.

Swampy area, water bodies

Built up area, vegetation cover

Agricultural land

Bare land and grasslands

Field observation also done to verify the classified land use/land

cover.

land use /land cover

Data Analysis

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The Study used spatial MCE approaches to analysis the

parameters.

To carry out the MCE, weight for each criterion was given

depending on their suitability for disposal sites using IDRISI

software.

Data Analysis…

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The study were consider the following parameters:-

Land use/ land cover

Distance from built up area

,, ,, settlement

,, ,, protected area

,, ,, air port

,, ,, road

,, ,, surface water

slope

As important factor that greatly affect the location of solid waste

dumping site.

These criteria were selected according to study areas local

characteristics (Ozeair Abessi et al., 2009 cited in Nishanth et al.,

2010).

parameters

Data Analysis…

15

Work flow

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The study considered the use of decision rules for the location

of suitable sites for solid waste disposal,

This has been with reference to research literature, study area

criteria as well as multi-criteria evaluation procedure.

All the parameters were reclassified unsuitable ,less suitable,

moderate suitable and high suitable as follows.

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Results and Discussion…

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Distance from Surface Water

River and lakeshore

By following the rule of Sener et al.,( 2011) the study was

reclassified the distance between surface water and solid

waste dumping site.

Distant sites from lake and river banks were more preferences

for being selected.

>2000m

1500-2000m

1000-1500m

<1000m

High suitable

>2000m

Moderate suitable

1500m-2000m

Less suitable

1000m-1500m

Unsuitable

<1000m.

Distance from lakeshore line


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>2000m

1500-2000m

1000-1500m

<1000m

Distance from river


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Reclassified land use land cover

Similar to Kontos et al.

(2005).

Water bodies, swampy area

and pond were reclassified as

unsuitable area (13.1%).

where as built up area and

vegetation considered as

less suitable (9.7%).

Agriculture area was

moderately suitable ( 53.3%)

The bare land and grasslands

were highly suitable (23.9%).


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1500-2000m

1000 -1500m

500-1000m

<500m

Distance from Main Roads

According to Babalola and

Busu, (2010) and Al-Hanbali

et al. (2011) 2000m distance

has been buffered.

Distance <500m unsuitable

500-1000m was less

suitable

1000 -1500 was

considered as moderate

suitable

1500-2000m was highly

suitable


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Distance from Protected Area

>3000m

1500-2250m <750m

Based on the study of Ersoy

and Bulut (2009) and Babalola

and Busu (2010).

Above 3000m high suitable

1500-2250m moderate

suitable

750m-1500m less suitable

<750m unsuitable

750-1500m


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Distance from airport

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> 3000m

1500-2250m750-1500m

< 750m

In similar to Ersoy and

Bulut (2009) and Babalola

and Busu (2010) unsuitable

< 750m

750-1500m less suitable

1500-2250 moderate

suitable

> 3000m highly suitable


According to Sener et al.

(2011) and Leao et al. (2001)

the land with a slope:

0-10% highly

suitable (90.7%)

10 – 15% Moderately

suitable (4.2%)

15 – 20 %Less suitable 2.3%

>20% Unsuitable (2.8%)

Reclassified Slope


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Distance from urban center

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>5500m

4500- 5500m

2500-4500m

< 2500m

Reclassified as similar to

Sener (2011)

< 2500m unsuitable

2500m-4500m less

suitable

4500- 5500 m moderate

suitable

>5500m high suitable


Distance from Rural Settlement Area

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>2250m

1000-2250m

500-1000m

< 500mAccording to Akbari (2011)

the area at the buffered

distance of

< 500m was considered as

unsuitable

500-1000m less suitable

1000-2250m was moderate

suitable

>2250 from rural settlement

were high suitable, for

solid waste dumping site


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Identifying Suitable Sites

Solid waste disposal sites were identified by considering the

above factors.

weights were assigned to all the parameters.

The larger of weight, the more important is the criterion in the

overall utility.

The weights were produced follows the logic developed by

Saaty (1980) under AHP.


weights derived by calculating the principal eigenvector

of pair wise comparison matrix

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Factors Eigenvector Weights Percentage (%)

Land use /land cover 0.3210 32.1

Urban center 0.2201 22.01

Rural settlement 0.1538 15.38

Protected area 0.1063 10.63

Distance from road 0.0730 7.3

Distance from river 0.0493 4.93

Distance from Lake 0.0341 3.41

Slope 0.0241 2.41

Distance from airport 0.0183 1.83

1.0000 100.0


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The factors and their resulting weights were used as input for the

MCE module for weighted linear combination of overlay analysis.

In order to combine all the layers to process overlay analysis

standardization of each data set to a common scale (value 1=

unsuitable (restricted), value 2= less suitable, value3= moderate

suitable, value 4 = high suitable) was performed.

All the parameters were weighted with their respective percent of

influence and overlay to produce the suitability map.

30 Solid Waste Dumping Site Selection Suitability Model

Final suitability map

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65.0%1.3%

21.8%

11.9%


CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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Conclusion

As a result shows Surface water, road , airport, rural settlement

,urban center and land use land cover are the main factors used

to identify the solid waste dumping site.

slope is not a significant criterion for solid waste dumping site

selection in Bahir Dar town.

Suitable areas are quite limited for landfill sitting around Lake

Tana shore.

From the total area the results shows that 13,836 ha unsuitable,

273 ha less suitable, 4,644 ha is moderately suitable and 2,528 ha

is highly suitable for dumping solid waste.

Around the southern and south east of the town were determined

as high suitable areas in the town.

Recommendations

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Based on the findings the following recommendations are

forwarded:

It may be helpful to the concerned authorities in decision

making for the selection of appropriate sites for the future

dumping sites.

The result of this study can be used as a tool for facility site

planners for locating landfill sites in study area, the

Municipality and the Ministry of Health with its Health Care

Waste Management division.

Recommendations …

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The most important physical and Social economical criteria

were used for land suitability analysis in this study. But, soil

type and urban growth rate change not included because of the

limitation of resource .

Further study should be incorporated these important factors.

Ground water levels of the potential sites also were not measured

because of time limitations, costs and technical equipment

required.

By Performing Ground water level analysis will modify and

improve the results.

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Thank you to all!

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