SOLID WASTE –

UNTAPPED ENERGY WASTING SPACE

Unreliable data on amount of waste at SLFs, open

dumps and

controlled dumps not available

50 SLFs constructed, unreliable data on capacities,

status of operation not available

Operation, maintenance and monitoring issues of

SLFs

Overdue closure of existing dumpsites and controlled

Dumpsites

NCR: Rodriguez and Tanza – Navotas SLFs have

potential for expansion although specific data not

available; Payatas likely less than 2 years life

DISPOSAL

44% of Waste

Generation

Philippine Regional Map

Showing SWM Conditions

Major SLFs

RRR - 2013

Facility LGU MSW m3/tons/day

Payatas30ha

Quezon City 5,817 / 1,663

Tanza-

NavotasSLF,100ha

Navotas, partly

Caloocan and Taguig

Manila Malabon

8,445 / 2,415

Rodriguez SLF

80ha

Caloocan

Makati Pasay

Mandaluyong

Paranaque

Pasig,TaguigLas Pinas

Pateros

San Juan

MuntinlupaMarikina

Valenzuela

10,899 / 3,117

SLF 210ha Metro Manila Total 25,100 / 7,200

METRO MANILA SW GENERATION 2012

CORE PROBLEMS IN SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT

Land Availability: Major LGUs do not have

land available for SLFs.

LGUs Capacity: Limited in all aspects of SW

management and enforcement of highly

technical SWM policies, plans, strategies, and

programs.

Philippines Perspective: RA 9003 and the

Clean Air Act do not fully consider the

Philippines socio-political culture.

RA 8749: The Clean Air Act provides incentives to local

government units, enterprises, private entities, and

individuals to develop or undertake efforts that would

result to effective air quality management and pollution

abatement. The Clean Air Act also encourages efforts on

Waste to Energy (WTE), cleaner production, and

adoption of technologies that are not combusting or

burning carbon based materials.

PPP: The private sector plays a significant role in the

government’s pursuit of bridging the gaps in the

economy. PPP program is the vehicle for private sector

participation in the provision of infrastructure services.

INCENTIVES ON THE WAY FORWARD

ENERGY GENERATION FROM

MSW

GASIFICATION VS. INCINERATION

BACKGROUNDGasification Combustion

• Based on conversion of liquid

and/or solid fuel into combustible

gas

• Gas can be cleaned and used as a

raw material or for energy

production � gas engine, gas

turbine, boiler

• Reduction reactions require external

energy and/or an oxidant � partial

combustion

• Part of the fuel energy available as

heat � heat recovery is necessary

• Based on conversion of gaseous,

liquid and/or solid fuel into flue gas

• Energy utilization is based on heat

recovery � hot air, hot water,

steam, hot oil, hot organic liquid �

tesla turbine, steam engine, steam

turbine

• Flue gas needs to be cleaned �

large units, in waste combustion may

be one third of investment

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONCase 1: small scale power production

Gasification Combustion

• Biomass or residue � gas

production� gas cleaning � gas

use in a gas engine � heat

recovery

• Efficiencies:

• Power up to 35 %

• Heat up to 55 %

• Investment for 1 MWe: (40T

mixed waste or 20T residulas)

• Drum gasifier 3 MWfuel,

$520 k

• Gas cleaning, S130 k

• Gas engine, $650 k

• Boiler, $390 k

• TOTAL: $1 690 k

• Biomass or residue �

combustion � steam generation

in a boiler � steam turbine + flue

gas cleaning

• Efficiencies:

• Power up to 25 %

• Heat up to 65 %

• Investment for 1 MWe: (40T

mixed waste)

• Grate combustor 4 MWfuel,

$650 k

• Boiler, $1 170 k

• Steam turbine, $1 040 k

• Gas cleaning, $390 k

• TOTAL: $3 250 k

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONCase 2: medium scale WTE

Gasification Combustion

• Waste � gas production� gas

cleaning � gas use in a gas engine �

heat recovery

• Efficiencies:

• Power up to 40 %

• Heat up to 45 %

• Investment -10 Mwe : (400T mixed

waste or 200T residuals)

• 6 * Drum gasifier 5 MWfuel, $7.8 M

• Gas cleaning, $3.25 M

• 5 * 2 MW gas engine, $10.4 M

• Boiler, $5.85 M

• TOTAL: $27.3M

• Waste � combustion � steam

generation in a boiler � steam turbine

� flue gas cleaning

• Efficiencies:

• Power up to 20 %

• Heat up to 65 %

• Investment for 10 MWe: (400T mixed

waste)

• Grate combustor 50 MWfuel, $15.6 M

• Boiler, $13 M

• Steam turbine, $7.8 M

• Gas cleaning, $23.4 M

• TOTAL: $59.8 M

NO LIMIT IN POWER PLANT SIZE: AMOUNT OF MODULES CAN BE INCREASED!

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISONCase 3: large scale coal combustion, existing power plant

Gasification Combustion

• Coal � gas production� gas

cleaning � gas use in a gas

turbine � heat recovery from

flue gases

• Efficiencies:

• Power up to 50 %

• Heat up to 40 %

• Coal � combustion � steam

generation in a boiler �

steam turbine � flue gas

cleaning

• Efficiencies:

• Power up to 45 %

• Heat not usable

(condensing operation)

GASIFICATION ALSO ALLOWS USING ADDITIONAL FUELS IN EXISTING COAL PLANTS!

LAHTI ENERGIA CASE

Traditional waste combustion: large

part of process is for flue gas cleaning

Lahti case: gasifier as a fuel pre-

treatment unit, existing boiler

• So: gasification allows changing or widening the fuel

scope without modifications in the main process!

• Suits to almost any existing plant.

HIGHEST ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY FROM

WASTE: LAHTI ENERGIA, FINLAND

Solution related technical

features:

• Solid recovered fuel (SRF), 250,000 tons per year

• Replaced coal 170,000 tons/a•50MW electricity• 90MW district heating• High electrical efficiency• Complete new power plant• Gas filtering -> clean product gas• Clean and corrosion free operation

SUMMARY OF

INCINERATION VS. GASIFIGATION

SOLID WASTE –

UNTAPPED ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Land used for SLF (if available) = Loss of potential use of valuable/prime land and wasted energy source

• Energy supply and demand = Increased demand

• SW = energy potential

• Metro Manila SW conversion to energy potential

• Conclusion

LUZON GRID SUPPLY-DEMAND OUTLOOK, 2012-2030

TOTAL MIXED MSW

22,000 tn/day

8 Million tn/a

19.7kg/s

Recycled

3,12 Million tn/a

100kg/s

METAL AND GLASS

520,000 tn/a

16kg/s

BIO -GAS

65 units

a’ 20,000 tn/a d.s

PLASTICS AND

PAPERS

Gasifiers 65 units

a’ 10MW fuel

GAS ENGINES

65 * 4MWe

RESIDUE SLUDGE

Gasifiers 26 units

a’ 10MW fuel

GAS ENGINES

26 * 4MWe

GAS ENGINES

65 * 4MWe Residuals

THEORETICAL ENERGY POTENTIAL IN MSW

The rapid urbanization presents complex

challenges in waste management which

impacts on related issues such as health,

poverty and including water and sanitation,

and energy efficiency.

With limited development resources, it is clear

– now more than ever – that we need to

target SW development funds to areas that

can achieve the best impact without wasting

land resources and contributing to energy

demand.

CONCLUSION