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Page 1: Solid Waste Management in Rourkela Municipality - …magazines.odisha.gov.in/.../jan2006/engpdf/solid_waste_management.pdfmatter, biomedical waste etc. generated from ... Solid Waste

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Orissa Review * January - 2006

Municipal Solid Waste(M.S.W) poses a difficultand complex problems for society. M.S.W. islargely generated in densely populated area whereit s management is most constrained, with growthof population and constraint in resources. Theimproper management of solid waste has comeback with vengeance gravely affecting the publichealth and degrading the environment. Althoughthe city municipality remains a democraticallyelected body, the over involvement andinterference of political parties have made themunicipal authorities inefficient in takingautonomous decisions. Analysis across countriesand over time reveals that generation of MSW ispositively related to variation in per capita incomeand not with population size. At present in manylarge cities in developing countries, less than 70%MSW are collected and 50% households arehelped.

Solid Waste Scenario

In India MSW or city garbage is aheterogeneous mixture of paper, plastic, cloth,metal, glass, earth, demolition materials, organicmatter, biomedical waste etc. generated fromhouseholds, industries, hospitals, commercialinstitutions etc. Solid waste is generateddepending on it s size from 0.1 to 0.5 kg/ capita /day out of which recyclable content is 13-20%(Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB - 1995).

Solid Waste Management inRourkela Municipality

Er.L.K. Bisoyi

The growth rate of population, solid wastegeneration required, land fill area in Indian scenariois as given below :

1947 2001 Growth %

Urban population 56.9 285 500(In million)

Waste generated 0.295 0.56 190(kg/capita/day)

Total waste generated 6.0 55.3 920(million tonne/year)

Land fill area (In ha) 0.12 23.3 19415

Source : CPCB, 2000

Policies and Procedure

The Government s consciousness in Indiahas mostly been the reaction after UN Declarationand declaration by some developed countries. Thelaws for management of municipal solid wastesince 1974 is enumerated below. Prior to this,certain laws at regional and national levels werethere to punish the offenders for making nuisancein public places and polluting water bodies, butwere either ineffective or not strictly enforced.Even the Environment Protection Act - 1986(Umbrella Act) was silent on solid wastemanagement.

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Orissa Review * January - 2006

Post Independence Period

1974 - Water (Prevention and control ofpollution) Act amended in 1978 and1988.

1981 - Air (Prevention and control of pollution)Act - amended in 1987.

1986 - Environment protection Act (Umbrellaact) - Even was silent on MSWmanagement.

1989- Hazardous waste management andhandling rule.

1990- Govt. of India and Supreme Courtinstigated on the necessity of solid wastemanagement.

1998- Bio-medical waste (management andhandling) rules amended in 2000.

1999 - Recycled plastic manufacture and usagerules

1999 - Solid waste management in class-I citiesin India - Guidelines by Supreme Courtof India

2000- Municipal waste (Management andHandling Rules)

MSW in Rourkela Municipality :

Most Indian cities face the problem ofunorganised and inefficient collection disposalprocedure of the Municipality.

Rourkela Municipality at a GlanceArea 121.73 sq km

Population (2001) 2.3 lakhs

Population in slums (2001) 89,479

Slums pockets 114

No. of wards 32

No. of employees 985

Annual Budget (2001-2002) 784.12 lakhs

Waste Generation 0.5 kg/capita/day

Garbage generated/day 115 T

Garbage collected/day 70 T

Population covered withpiped Water Supply 60%

Public toilets 16 seats + payand use 32seats

No. of sweeper 429

Paved roads 416 km.

Population with access tosewage disposal 50%

Equipment Short and longhandle brooms

The waste collected by the sweepers duringsweeping is brought by them to dustbin sites bywheeled barrows transportation .....

fleet strength

Truck 5 nos

Tractor with trolly 2 nos.

Wheeled barrows 200 nos.

Landfill sites .. Balughat 10 Ac.(compostplant)

chend area 60 Ac. (sanitarylandfill)

MSW Details of Rourkela Municipality1991 2001 2011

Population in lakhs 1.77 2.30 3.00

Total Solid Waste/day 89 MT 115 MT 150 MT(leaving for recycling)

Approx. volume 197 cum 256 cum 333 cum(@ 450 kg/m3)

Total organic content 39 cum 51 cum 67 cum(@ 20% of volume)

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Orissa Review * January - 2006

Compostable materials/ 69 cum 90 cum 117 cumday (@ 35% volume)

Approximate community 1740 nos 2300 nos 3000 nosbins/required (1 bin/100)

Solid waste generated/ 100 kg= 100kg= 100kg=100 population with 0.2 cum 0.2 cum 0.2 cumalternate day cleaning

Capacity of each 0.3 cum 0.3 cum 0.3 cumcommunity bin = 300 litr. = 300 litr = 300 litrconsidering 50%extra volume

Growth in solid waste 0.3 cum 0.5 cum 0.75 cumgenerated with respect = 300 litr =500litr =750 litrto usage and demandfor packed products

MSW Characteristics

Paper - 1.9%Cloth - 4.2%Polythene - 7.2%Stone - 7.8%Metal - 1.2%Sand & Grit - 33.9%Glass - 1.2%Leaves, Vegetables& organic waste - 42.6%

Total - 100%

Biomedical Waste Generated in Rourkela:

No. of hospitals/Nursing Homes & Clinics 18(Govt. hospital-2 nos., PublicSector Hospital-1 no., NursingHomes & Clinics-15)

Waste generated - (considering-1kg/patient/day)

Biomedical 200kg/day

Domestic waste - 800kg/day

Financial out-lay :Financial Total Exp. Total budget % of totalyear in lakhs in lakh budget

in MSW

1998-99 159 447.97 35.49%

2000-2001 165 563.52 29.28%

2001-2002 170 784.12 21.68%

Present Practice of Solid WasteManagement

The Municipality is divided into 32 No. ofWards. As per present practice collection,carriage and disposal of Solid Waste is done byengaging 429 nos. of sweepers under supervisionof 1 Health Officer, 8 Nos. of Sanitary Inspectorsand 10 nos. of Sanitary Supervisors for collectionand disposal of garbages. Around 200 nos. ofwheel barrows, 2 nos. of tractors and 5 nos. oftrucks are engaged daily for carriage of solid wastefrom transit /community bins to disposal sites. Thedumped garbages are allowed to decompose andshrink at the spot, spreading and levelling are oftendone by dozor / excavators as and when required.

Development requirement of the SelectedSite :

Out of 2 selected sites one is located inBalughat near Panposh. The site was previouslya big earth pit of around 25ft deep from naturalsoil level. Earth from the site was removed forbrick making purpose during early constructionperiod of Rourkela Steel Plant. The ups anddowns of the present natural soil level is requiredto be levelled before laying of garbage for properdrainage, levelling and leachate drainage. On highflood, river water is entering the low aging part ofthe site. Therefore provision for a sluice forprevention of flood water entry is provided inproject estimate. As there was no proper roadconnected to the site, a pucca road of 3000 ft.length from National Highway has been

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Orissa Review * January - 2006

constructed. Compound wall to the site has beenconstructed for prevention of encroachment andentry of unwanted persons and cattle grazing. The2nd site of 60 Ac needs improvement of approachroad from main road and fencing to preventencroachment and entry of unwanted person andcattle grazing.

It is imperative that an integratedmanagement be developed based on economics,waste composition and local conditions. Wastemanagement begins at the time of purchase of anygoods by consumers and public awareness toreduce waste is the starting point of ISWM. The3 R s of waste management i.e. reduce, reuse andrecycle is one of the significant opportunities forpublic part icipation and part of wastemanagement. The local bodies may optappropriate waste treatment methods accordingto financial situation and finally, disposal of theresidues in a land fill.

References :1. Environmental Status of Rourkela - State

Pollution Control Board - Rourkela Zone - 1998.

2. Information Sheet on Rourkela Municipality -as on 1st September, 2002.

3. Patnaik, R et.al - Energy from municipal solidwaste - 28th WEDC Conference - sustainableenvironmental sanitation and water services,Kolkata, India-18-22 November, 2002.

4. Status report on solid waste management -November, 2002 - Rourkela Municipality

5. Workshop on Urban Pollution Control - 17-18November, 1997 - Hotel Kalinga Ashok,Bhubaneswar.

Er. L.K. Bisoyi is the Executive Engineer of RourkelaMunicipality, Rourkela.

Hon'ble Chief Minister Shri Naveen Patnaik inaugurating the IBAT School ofManagement new premises at KIIT, Bhubaneswar on 21.12.2005.

Shri Biswabhusan Harichandan, Minister, Rural Development, Industries,Law and Shri Prasanna Kumar Patsani, M.P. are also present.