SOLARGE: ENLARGING SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS IN MULTI-FAMILY HOUSES, HOTELS, PUBLIC AND

SOCIAL BUILDINGS IN EUROPE

- SOUND SYSTEM SOLUTIONS FOR MULTI-FAMILY HOUSES -

CIERTA 2006, Almeria, 7 October 2006

Ronald Voskens

Ecofys S.L.

r.voskens@ecofys.comtel. +34 93 3909075

Index

•Introduction

•SOLARGE

•Market MFH

•Typology

•Conclusions, Recommendations

•To conclude

Econcern

The sustainable energy knowledge and

innovation company

The sustainable energy solution provider

The sustainable energy

project developer

The sustainable energysystem supplier

The sustainableenergy innovation

entrepreneur

Palm towers, Netherlands

CO2 neutral offices Murcia, Spain

14 MW PV plant

Scira, UK

315 MW offshore wind farm

Wave rotor

Econcern Offices•2 offices en

Canada

•Office en China

•Spain:

•Ecofys/Ecostream

– Barcelona– Madrid– Sevilla– Murcia

•> 450 personas

SOLARGE project (1/3)

• SOLARGE;

– Enlarging Solar Thermal Systems in Multi-Family-Houses, Public and Social Buildings in Europe

• January 2005 – December 2007

• 7 countries: Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Slovenia, Spain

• 11 partners: in Spain Ecofys with support of Ecostream

• www.solarge.org

SOLARGE: objectives (2/3)

• SOLARGE is a European co-operation project to open up markets for large solar thermal plants, (>30m2) for multi-family buildings (MFH), hotels, public and social buildings

– Analysis of existing projects and identification of market obstacles and opportunities

– Identifying factors for success concerning technology, project development and realisation

– Information and sensitisation of target groups in Europe

– Compilation and communication of European good practice projects and solutions

– Support for national and European energy policies

– Development of proposals to improve existing political framework conditions for CSTS applications

– Europe-wide dissemination of results

SOLARGE: realisation (3/3)

• Training and further education measures for the supply side e.g. manufacturers and architects

• Events concerning the above subjects in the partner countries

• Compilation of well-documented best practice projects

• Interviews with plant operators, manufacturers and investors

• Information campaign for investors

• Support for municipalities and decision makers

• Positioning the issue at events and conferences

• Provision of information material via internet

• EU-wide dissemination of the project results: interactive project web-site, market studies, good practice project database: see www.solarge.org

MFH Market

•Total market 30 mlj. dwellings

•40% of the total dwellings

•New production

– Spain 400.000– France

130.000

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Denm

ark

Germ

any

Neth

erlands

Fra

nce

Slo

venia

Italy

Spain

Cypru

sNum

ber

of M

FH

sto

ck x

10^6

(dw

ellings)

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

Annual n

ew

MF

H x

10^6

(dw

ellings)

# MFH stock Annual new MFH

MFH Solar thermal Market

•645 MWth total annual market

– 12% total installed– 375 GWh– 163 Mton CO2

•350 MWth Spain

•150 MWth France

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Den

mar

k

Ger

man

y

Net

herla

nds

Fra

nce

Slo

veni

a

Italy

Spa

in

Cyp

rus

(MW

th)

Total annualpotential MFH

Total installedcapacity

3.922

CTE HE-4: Minimum solar contribution hot water preparation

•5 climate zones

• If hot water consumption >50l/day

Non-electrical back-up heating

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

5,0

00

10

,00

0

15

,00

0

20

,00

0

25

,00

0

Hot water use (l/day, 60º)

So

lar

fra

ctio

n (

%)

Zona V

Zona I V

Zona I I I

Zona I I

Zona I

Electrical (joule effect) back-up heating

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0

5,0

00

10

,00

0

Hot water use (l/day, 60º)

Sola

r fr

act

ion

(%

)

Zona I I I , IV, VZona I IZona I

Solar powered hot water system1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9

Basic system configurations

Solar storage Back-up heater Collector

Central De-central

Central De-central

Num Remark

De-central* X X 1 Single family houses, apartments buildings up to 2 or 3 storeys

X X 2 Large central systems (e.g. hotels)

X X 3 Large systems for multi-family buildings Central*

X X 4 Large systems for multi-family buildings

*De-central on dwelling level

*Central on string or building level

System analyses

•Technical issues

– Suitability– System performance– Heat losses– Complexity & reliability

•Non-technical issues

– Investment costs– Exploitation & invoicing– Maintenance

Type: DDD (1/6)

•Single family and multi-family houses

– Advantages: • Individual systems

– Disadvantages: •Limited storeys•Heat losses•Multiple components

Type: CCC (2/6)

•Central system for hotels, MFH, etc)

– Advantages: •Simple and cheap•Small heat losses

tank– Disadvantages:

•High heat losses recirculation pipes

•Exploitation and maintenance

Type: CCD (3/6)

•Semi central system for MFH

– Advantages: •Simple and cheap•Small heat losses tank

– Disadvantages: •High heat losses

recirculation pipes, les than CCC

•Exploitation and maintenance

Type: CDD.1 (4/6)

•Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel

– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing

– Disadvantages: •1 control•Complicated hydraulic

system, adjustments

Type: CDD.2 (5/6)

•Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel

– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing•Optimal use collector

– Disadvantages: •Multiple components•More expensive

Type: CDD.3 (6/6)

•Semi de-central system for MFH; series

– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing•Simple hydraulic

system•Less expensive

– Disadvantages: •Solar heat exchange

between dwellings

Conclusion and recommendations

•Solar thermal systems for MFH sector is a promising target market (350 kWth ~0,9 million m2 per year)

•Spain and France represent 55% of this market

•Lots of system configuration are applied in this market, with all have advantages and disadvantages

•Bottom line: apply sound solutions that last for > 20 years without technical problems and a minimum of maintenance

•How? Apply simple and solid configurations, meaning:

– As few as possible (moving) parts– Avoid complex hydraulic solutions

•Do they exist? …. Yes!

To conclude

New generation solar thermal systemICS: Integrated collector storage

Principle (1/2)

transversal section

Principle (2/2)

longitudinal section

Advantages

•Collector and tank (stainless steel) one and the same component

•No space required inside dwelling

•Better costs/benefits balance

•Easy to install, no maintenance

•No pump, no pump control, no additional pump energy, no heat exchanger

•No anti-freeze liquids required

•Double protection against overheating and freezing

•Applicable in single and multi family houses (in different configurations)

Thank you for your attention!

•And lets develop the MFH market in a sustainable and sound way

Ronald VoskensEcofys S.L.

www.ecofys.es

r.voskens@ecofys.comtel. +34 93 3909075

See also:www.solarge.orgwww.ecostream.es