Solar Water Pumps for Solar Water Pumps for Central KansasCentral Kansas

Rylan E. OrtizRylan E. Ortiz

HORT 640HORT 640

Sustainable AgricultureSustainable Agriculture

OutlineOutline

Solar power as a renewable energy source.Solar power as a renewable energy source. History of Solar powerHistory of Solar power About solar energyAbout solar energy Theoretical discussion on solar power via PV’sTheoretical discussion on solar power via PV’s Industry solar power water pumpsIndustry solar power water pumps Why solar power water pumps in KansasWhy solar power water pumps in Kansas Calculations to question for a successful designCalculations to question for a successful design Solar energy on the rise!Solar energy on the rise! Question and AnswerQuestion and Answer

Solar power as a renewable energy Solar power as a renewable energy source.source.

Our Sun’s fusion of Our Sun’s fusion of H H → He drives → He drives photovoltaic cells to photovoltaic cells to produce DC voltage.produce DC voltage.

History of Solar PowerHistory of Solar Power

Solar innovations Solar innovations began over 100 years began over 100 years ago (Industrial Revol.)ago (Industrial Revol.)

Shelved for 50 yrs Shelved for 50 yrs due to USA’s fossil due to USA’s fossil fuel search.fuel search.

Auguste Mouchout, Auguste Mouchout, French French mathematician first mathematician first developed solar developed solar energy research 1860energy research 1860

Theoretic on Solar Power via PV’sTheoretic on Solar Power via PV’s

Light travels in Light travels in pockets of energy pockets of energy called photons.called photons.

PV’s (Photovoltaics) PV’s (Photovoltaics) absorb these photons absorb these photons and release electrons.and release electrons.

Electrons can then be Electrons can then be captured by captured by surrounding medium surrounding medium to generate electric to generate electric currents currents → electricity!→ electricity!

TheoryTheory

PV effect first noted by PV effect first noted by Edmund Bequerel 1839.Edmund Bequerel 1839.

Certain materials produce Certain materials produce small amounts of current small amounts of current with photon interactions.with photon interactions.

First Photovoltaic build in First Photovoltaic build in 1954.1954.

Too expensive for public Too expensive for public use. use.

1960s space utilized this 1960s space utilized this technology.technology.

TheoryTheory

Note: space Note: space technology helped technology helped decline PV’s decline PV’s expensive price expensive price through researchthrough research

Soon industry caught Soon industry caught glimpse of PV’s glimpse of PV’s commercial potential.commercial potential.

PV TheoryPV Theory

Photons absorb PV medium (a semi – conductor Photons absorb PV medium (a semi – conductor material usually Silicon, Si)material usually Silicon, Si)

This “wafer” is treated to generate an electric This “wafer” is treated to generate an electric field.field.

““Opposites attract”. Positive and Negative Opposites attract”. Positive and Negative terminals are connected to create an electric terminals are connected to create an electric circuit.circuit.

This electric circuit generates an electric current This electric circuit generates an electric current which is then harnessed to power a load.which is then harnessed to power a load.

TheoryTheory

PV TheoryPV Theory

Solar cells connected Solar cells connected together form a together form a modulemodule..

A series of modules A series of modules forms an forms an arrayarray..

Wire these up in Wire these up in seriesseries or or parallelparallel figurations to help figurations to help power your device.power your device.

In this case: In this case:

Water Pumps!Water Pumps!

Industry solar power water pumpsIndustry solar power water pumps

Produce water when Produce water when it is needed the most: it is needed the most: when there is sun!when there is sun!

Same idea as before:Same idea as before: Light photon interactLight photon interact Absorbed by wafersAbsorbed by wafers Wafers produce DCWafers produce DC

Lorentz pump providing water in Eastern Colorado

Why Solar Pumps in Central KS?Why Solar Pumps in Central KS?

Ogallala Aquifer’s Ogallala Aquifer’s reservoir already reservoir already supplies central and supplies central and western Kansas with western Kansas with their water supply.their water supply.

Solar power lowers Solar power lowers conventional pumping conventional pumping costs by utilizing the costs by utilizing the Sun’s free and radiant Sun’s free and radiant energy. energy.

Calculations for a Design of a Calculations for a Design of a Solar PumpSolar Pump

DEFINITIONS and FUNDAMENTALSDEFINITIONS and FUNDAMENTALS LIFT vs. PRESSURELIFT vs. PRESSURE DETERMINE POWER REQUIRED TO PUMP DETERMINE POWER REQUIRED TO PUMP

WATERWATER ESTIMATE THE COST OF SOLAR PUMPINGESTIMATE THE COST OF SOLAR PUMPING HORSEPOWER vs. WATTSHORSEPOWER vs. WATTS HORESEPOWER of COMBUSTION ENGINE HORESEPOWER of COMBUSTION ENGINE

vs. ELECTRIC MOTORvs. ELECTRIC MOTOR POWER AND ENERGYPOWER AND ENERGY WIRE SIZING vs. VOLTAGEWIRE SIZING vs. VOLTAGE

Theory of PV’sTheory of PV’s

PV’s on average are only 20-30% efficientPV’s on average are only 20-30% efficientThus 70 or more percent of the Sun’s energy Thus 70 or more percent of the Sun’s energy

is lostis lostDesign of a PV will need to be protected Design of a PV will need to be protected

from the natural elements such as hail and from the natural elements such as hail and windwind

A plastic is a durable source of covering A plastic is a durable source of covering for PV’s to shield from elementsfor PV’s to shield from elements

From an Environmental From an Environmental PerspectivePerspective

PV’s eliminate the need for fossil fuels PV’s eliminate the need for fossil fuels once on the marketonce on the market

PV electricity generates zero – emissionsPV electricity generates zero – emissionsSemi – conductor manufacturing is one of Semi – conductor manufacturing is one of

the most hazardous industries in businessthe most hazardous industries in businessUse of solvents, acids and bases for Use of solvents, acids and bases for

cleaning and preparing of the crystalscleaning and preparing of the crystals

Types of Potential HazardsTypes of Potential Hazards

x – Six – Si HF acid burnsHF acid burns

SiH(4) fires / explosionsSiH(4) fires / explosions

Pb solder / module disposalPb solder / module disposal

a - Sia - Si SiH(4) fires / explosionsSiH(4) fires / explosions

CdTeCdTe Cd toxicity, carcinogenicity, Cd toxicity, carcinogenicity, module disposalmodule disposal

Ga, AsGa, As AsH(3) toxicity, As AsH(3) toxicity, As carcinogenicity, H(2) carcinogenicity, H(2)

flammability, module disposalflammability, module disposal

ApplicationsApplications Deep well pumpingDeep well pumping Irrigation (lift and Irrigation (lift and

pressurized)pressurized) Livestock (pipeline Livestock (pipeline

transfer, pond and stream transfer, pond and stream protection)protection)

Home and village supplyHome and village supply Camp sites, vacation Camp sites, vacation

cabinscabins Water purification and Water purification and

treatment systems, Solar treatment systems, Solar water heatingwater heating

Hydronic floor heating Hydronic floor heating

Why Solar Power?Why Solar Power?

Lots of fuel! (4.5 Lots of fuel! (4.5 bby y worth)worth)

Every 15 minutes the Every 15 minutes the sun produces enough sun produces enough solar power to supply solar power to supply the world for an entire the world for an entire year year

FREE!FREE!

Solar Energy Applications Gaining Solar Energy Applications Gaining Ground!Ground!

New Oil Projects New Oil Projects Cannot Meet World Cannot Meet World Needs This Decade.Needs This Decade.

Solar Light For Solar Light For Churches of AfricaChurches of Africa

KSU Solar Car KSU Solar Car Racing TeamRacing Team

New Classes: New Classes: HORT 640HORT 640