POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGG.A PRESENTATION

ONMAJOR PROJECT SEMINAR(STAGE-II)

“SOLAR TRACKER”

SUBMITTED TO-MR MANISH SINGHALMR S.VENKATESH

SUBMITTED BY-SAURABH KUMAR JAIN(EC/09/42)RITESH KUMAR GUPTA(EC/09/54)RAKESH KUMAR SHARMA(EC/09/150)ROHITASH GARHWAL(EC/09/137)

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Definition of problemMarket SolutionIntroduction Block diagram Circuit diagramComponentsSoftware/Hardware usedFeasibility ApplicationFuture enhancement Work distribution of projectReference Queries

CONTENTS

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Today’s time solar cells are becoming extremely popular for utilizing solar energy to use in different ways such as producing electricity, transportation,cooking etc .

So many solar panels have been installed all over the world and most of them are stable. They are installed in the direction of maximum radiation of sunlight.

Now the problem arises that the sun is moving .So we cannot use maximum radiation of sun all the time. The position of maximum radiation receiving position only comes once in 24 hours.

Definition of problem

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Solar tracker is the best solution for receiving maximum radiation.

By moving the solar panel according to the movement of sun we can always receive the maximum radiation .

MARKET SOLUTION

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• The earth receives 16 x 1018 units of energy from the sun annually, which is 20,000 times the requirement of mankind on the Earth.

• Solar panels are used to convert light energy into electrical energy.

• Efficient Solar Power generation System using moving panel is a efficientpower generating system using sun light.

Two sensors in two directions to sense the direction of maximum intensity of light. The difference between the outputs of the sensors is given to the microcontroller unit.

 

INTRODUCTION

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Microcontroller is used to process the input voltage from the comparison circuit and control the direction in which the motor has to be rotated so that it will receive maximum intensity of light from the sun.

The power generated from this process is then stored in a lead acid battery.

Stored energy is used to run different appliances

CONT…

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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It consist of a LDR sensor senses max solar power which is being given to the Microcontroller through the ADC which digitizes the LDR output.

Controller then takes the decision according to then algorithm and tilts the panel towards the direction of the max energy given by LDR with the help of DC Motor .

The Motor is used to rotate the LDR to sense the max solar power.

WORKING

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Microcontroller receive signal from LDR output in digitized form with the help of 555 timer IC.

It responds back to the input by sending signal to the motor driver so that motor driver rotate the panel in the direction where more intensity of light is falling by minimizing the difference of resistance produced b/w two sensors to zero

CONT…

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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1) Microcontroller (AT89C2051) 2) 555 timer 3) Stepper motor. 4) Lead acid battery (9AH, 12V DC) 5) LCD 6) Solar panel 7) Crystal Oscillator 8) Relays 9) LDR10)Voltage Regulator(7805)

COMPONENTS

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Microcontroller(AT89C2051) low-voltage, high-performance CMOS

8-bit microcomputer

2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory (PEROM).

128 bytes of RAM, 15 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters.

a five vector two-level interrupt architecture.

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

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555 TIMER IC-

functioning as an accurate time-delay generator .

Timing from micro seconds through hours

Monostable and Astable operation Adjustable duty cycle Ability to operate from a wide

range of supply voltages High current output that can sink

or source 200 Ma Output can be operated normal

ON and OFF High temperature stability

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Solar Panel

Collection of photovoltaic cells.

Photovoltaic cell is composed of sillicon

Rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts.

Consists array of solar panels, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.

The efficiency of a panel determines the area of a panel 

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Stepper Motor

• electromechanical device which converts electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements. The speed of the motor shafts rotation is directly related to the frequency of the input pulses and the

length of rotation is directly related to the number of input pulses applied.

Lead Acid Battery-

• very low energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to-volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge currents means that the cells maintain a relatively large power-to-weight ratio. These features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide the high current required by automobile starter motors.

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Microcontroller kit or Atmel AT89C2051 microcontroller.

Keil Micro Vision Integrated Development Environment.

Proteus Design Suite,Express PCB. 

SOFTWARE/HARDWARE USED

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Technical/practical : 1.Pollution free 2.Safety in Design 3.Usability 4.Reliable 5.Reduce human error 6.Portable Economical: 1.Total cost of project=6500-7000/-

FEASIBILITY

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By adding moving equipment and gears it increase the cost approximately 25%as compare to simple solar system

It require regular repairs and maintenance

DISADVANTAGES

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Heating the water

For power generation at remote places where power lines are not accessible.

Battery charger

Emergency battery backup

Solar cooking

APPLICATIONS

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To improve the sun tracking, a stand alone sun tracker can be designed using 18 seriesPIC microcontroller.

Utilize a dual-axis design versus a single-axis to increase tracking accuracy.

Future enhancement

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WORK DISTRIBUTION

Work Member

Market survey saurabh,ritesh

Express PCB layout saurabh,ritesh

Component mounting Rohitash,rakesh

Coding ritesh,saurabh,rohitash, rakesh

Circuit simulation ritesh,saurabh

Report writting rohitash,rakesh

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www.cornelluniversity.comwww.electronicslab.comwww.hbeon.orgwww.wikipedia.comwww.8051projects.comwww.studymore.com

REFERENCE

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THANK YOU!!!