solar shading in nearly zero energy buildings · it reduces the heat losses of the window a solar...
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![Page 1: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
Solar shading in nearlyZero Energy Buildings
Hervé LamyTallinn – May 19th 2011
![Page 2: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 3: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 4: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 5: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 6: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 7: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Drop arm awnings
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 8: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Drop arm awnings
Folding arm awnings
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 9: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Drop arm awnings
Folding arm awnings
External venetian blinds
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 10: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Drop arm awnings
Folding arm awnings
Internal venetian blinds
External venetian blinds
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 11: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Drop arm awnings
Folding arm awnings
Internal venetian blinds
External venetian blinds
Conservatory awnings
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 12: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Drop arm awnings
Folding arm awnings
Internal venetian blinds
External venetian blinds
Conservatory awnings
Façade awnings
Pictures : Warema and France Fermetures
![Page 13: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
Roller shutters
Hinged shutters
Concertina shutters
External roller blinds
Internal roller blinds
Drop arm awnings
Folding arm awnings
External venetian blinds
External venetian blinds
Conservatory awnings
Façade awnings
And much more ...
![Page 14: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
All these products can be operated:
Manually (crank handle, …)
Motorised with an individual command
Motorised with a centralised command
Automated with a command depending on :
the time (clock)
the climatic conditions (incident radiation)
the connection to the Building Management System
![Page 15: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What are the Solar Shading products ?
The choice of a product and of a type of command will directly influence
• The thermal and visual properties of the windows and therefore the performance of the building
• Some parameters related to other functions of the products
Roller shuttersExternal venetian blinds
![Page 16: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Role of the glazed envelope in nEZB :
1. To optimise the solar gains during the heating season
► Reduction of the heating needs
2. To minimise the solar gains during the cooling season
► Summer comfort or reduction of the cooling needs
3. To minimise the thermal losses
► Reduction of the heating and cooling needs
4. To insure the maximum of daylight all over the year
► Reduction of the lighting needs
5. To insure the visual comfort of the occupants
► Glare control
The properties of the glazed envelope shall vary depending on the
season, the period of the day, the wishes of the occupant, etc.
Thermal
Visual
![Page 17: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
R1
1
U
U
w
ws
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
A solar protection device extended in front of awindow introduces an additional air spacecharacterised by an additional thermalresistance designated by R (in m².K/W). R iscalculated according to EN 13125.
The U value of a window associated to a solarprotection device is given by :
![Page 18: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
Some examples
Double glazing Uw = 1,8 W/m².K
Double glazing Uw = 1,6 W/m².K
Double glazing Uw = 1,4 W/m².K
R (m².K/W) 0,15 0,25 0,15 0,25 0,15 0,25
Uws (W/m².K) 1,42 1,24 1,29 1,14 1,16 1,04
Reduction of Uw -21,3% -31,0 % -19,3% -28,6 -17,4% -25,9%
![Page 19: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
Solar shading varies the solar factor of the window:
• when retracted, the maximum flux is entering the room (heating period)
• when extended, it reduces the flux entering the room (summer comfort or cooling period)
![Page 20: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
The solar factor gtot is calculated for the association of the solarprotection device and the glazing according to :
• EN 13363-1 (simplified method), or
• EN 13363-2 (detailed method)
Example of the calculation according to EN 13363-1 (external blind)
![Page 21: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
EN 13363-2 considers the “real” behaviour the solar radiation througheach layer. It considers:
• The direct solar transmission t (short wavelength)
blind glass 1 glass 2
![Page 22: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
EN 13363-2 considers the “real” behaviour the solar radiation througheach layer. It considers:
• The direct solar transmission t (short wavelength)
• The heat transfer (long wavelength) gth and the convection gc
glass 1 glass 2
![Page 23: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
EN 13363-2 considers the “real” behaviour the solar radiation througheach layer. It considers:
• The direct solar transmission t (short wavelength)
• The heat transfer (long wavelength) gth and the convection gc
• The ventilation effect gv (in case of internal blinds)
![Page 24: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
Solar factor in the extended position
Solar factor with anexternal blind
Solar factor with aninternal blind
![Page 25: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
Example of detailed and simplified calculation for an external blind
Although it is detailed, EN 13363-2 shall consider some simplifiedhypothesis: the incident radiation is normal to the surface, forvenetian blind, there is no direct transmission, the radiation isperpendicular to the slat, etc.
EN 13363-1 EN 13363-2 (detailed)
gtot tv gtot te gth+gc tv tv,n-diff
White pearl 0,12 0,09 0,09 0,06 0,03 0,09 0,07
White grey 0,10 0,06 0,07 0,04 0,03 0,06 0,03
Grey 0,10 0,02 0,05 0,015 0,035 0,02 0,01
![Page 26: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
► It controls the visual transmittance of the window
Solar shading varies the light transmittance of the window:
• when retracted, the maximum flux is entering the room
• when extended, it protects the occupants from glare while allowing adiffuse light transmittance
![Page 27: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► It reduces the heat losses of the window
► It controls the solar gains of the window
► It controls the visual transmittance of the window
Light transmittance in the extended position
Light transmittance with aninternal blind
![Page 28: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► Synthesis
A rather good description of a glazed envelope requires at least thefollowing values:
Glazed part with the solar shading
in the retracted position in the extended position
Thermal transmittance Uw Uws
Solar factor g
te
gtot
te
gth + gc gth + gc
gv = 0 gv
Light transmittancetv tv
tv,n-diff
![Page 29: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► What is the role of Solar Shading in nZEB ?
Solar shading is the thermal and visual variator of the glazed envelope:
► Synthesis
The consequence on the values:
Uw Uws
g
te
gtot
te
gth + gc gth + gc
gv = 0 gv
tv tv
tv,n-diff
Minimum valuesrequired
Maximum valuerequired in winter
Minimum valuerequired in summer
Maximum valuerequired alongthe year
Variable depending on the user needs
Holistic approach needed for the whole glazed part
![Page 30: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Some examples in residential premises
► Impact of the surface, the orientation and Uw of windows on the energy
needs
► The more there are glazed surfaces, the less are the energy needs
► A proper repartition of the glazed surfaces may even more reduce
the energy needs
Study carried out by Cardonnel Ingénierie (France)
![Page 31: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Some examples in residential premises
► Impact of the surface, the orientation and Uw of windows on the energy
needs
► With the current technology there
is a limit of the U value reduction
► Solar gains are becoming the
relevant criteria, but then ...
Study carried out by Cardonnel Ingénierie (France)
What about the summer comfort ?
![Page 32: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Some examples in residential premises
► But, then what about the summer comfort ?
Calculation made with Thermi’Baie® according to the Th-BCE rules (French RT2012)
![Page 33: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Some examples in residential premises
► But, then what about the summer comfort ?
► Installation of a Solar Shading drastically reduces the overheating
period
► Summer comfort is optimised by using the proper scenario of
command
![Page 34: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Some examples in office premises
![Page 35: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Some examples in office premises
► In cooled premises, installation of Solar Shading drastically reduces the
cooling needs
► Cooling needs are even reduced by using the proper scenario of
command
![Page 36: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Conclusion
► Nearly Zero Energy Buildings will require to consider the glazed
system as a whole
► There is no definitive answer to choose the right products. A
holistic approach shall be considered to define the optimised properties of the components of the glazed system
► Solar shading will play a key role as being the variator of such
properties
► The number of criteria to be considered is so high that specific
tools shall be developed
![Page 37: Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings · It reduces the heat losses of the window A solar protection device extended in front of a window introduces an additional air space](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022071005/5fc25b6a02cd4e75fc4563ad/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
REHVA Annual Conference – May 19th and 20th 2011
Solar shading in nearly Zero Energy Buildings
► Thank you for your attention