solar pv dc concepts
DESCRIPTION
Solar PVTRANSCRIPT
Steel Plants
Power Plants
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SOLAR PV DC ENGINEERING CONCEPTS
Prabhuraj HarakangiBE(E&E), M.Tech – Energy Systems
+91 8147814995
II Om Bhaskaraye Vidmahe Divakraraye Dheemahi Tanno Suryah Prachodayat II
Types OF Solar PV SYSTEMS :
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Stand alone system
Solar VFD System
OFF Grid / Hybrid System
On Grid / Grid Tied System:
1) Net Metering (IMPORT - EXPORT)
2) Captive Consumption
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Net Metering (IMPORT - EXPORT) :
AC
L
OA
DS
Grid Supply
Solar PV Plant Grid Tied Inverter
UPSEM
BUS BAR
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The solar modules generate DC electricity. The DC power goes through a Solar
ON Grid Inverter
Solar Grid Tied Inverter: performs the conversion of the variable DC output into
a clean sinusoidal AC power
Inverter output connected to Bus Bar (Distribution Panel)
The Solar Current will be given lead angle in synchronization process and it will
be forcefully injected into the bus bar
Protections :
DC Side modules will be given with SPD, DC Dis-connector Switch which will
protect the Solar System
For all kinds of faults the Solar Inverter will react first and ISOLATE itself from
the system in Microseconds of time – ANTI ISLANDING
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Advantages :
Simple and Safe systems which gives Direct Savings and Revenue
Load Independent system
Most Efficient System, Very Least Losses & Maintenance Free System
25 years of Guaranteed Generation with faster Payback Period
1kW of Solar Power Plant Generates 5.5Units of Electricity per Day
Accelerated Depreciation on the Investment
Limitations:
No Back up will be given from the system, since solar power directly utilized
Stable Grid is a must
Infrastructure problem
Policy from Govt is required
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Captive Consumption System : A
C
LO
AD
SDG
Grid
Grid Tied Inevrter
AMFD
UPS
Solar PV Plant
BUS BAR
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Working Principle: SYNCHRONISATION
Feed: Least Resistive Path
Profit: Direct Savings on Electricity Bills, Save more when synchronized with
Diesel Generator
Prerequisites:
Detailed Site Analysis
Detailed Load Analysis
DG Rating and Health of DG
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Detailed Site Analysis :
Location: State, Country with Latitude and Longitude
Shadow free area available: …………….. Sq meters
North to South: ………meters East to West : ……………….. meters
Type of Roof : Flat Roof or Tilt Roof
If Flat Roof : RCC or any other
If Tilted : Metal Sheet, Asbestos Sheet, RCC roof or any other
Tilt Face south to north or east to west and Tilt Angle:
Obstacles: Cement Columns, AC Fan Units , Chiller Units
and other if any - Height of Obstacle
Attachments: Google Map, Layout of Site or Photo of Site
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Name Shape TypeNumberof Points
Area(Sq Meters)
Perimeter/ Length(Meters)
Centroid/ Mid-Point(Degrees)
AREA 1 Polygon 4 3,152.0951 257.0110 18.0906738°, 073.9988409°
AREA 4 Polygon 4 1,810.8342 221.3670 18.0906385°, 073.9985618° TOTAL AREA 4,962.9293
Google earth for AREA :
Marking the polygon points on google earth and importing it in earthpoint.us
website to find out the area
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Marking site using GPS Machine:
Garmin GPS Unit – Etrex 20: Imported to Base Camp, Map Source and
Google Earth for detailed location analysis – Area, Distance, Elevation
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Meteonorm database:
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PV Syst Challenges:
PV Syst Challenges:
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Double orientation
Voltage mis-match,
higher losses
Single orientation
Less losses, Multiple
MPPT option
Vertical stringing
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Tlit Angle :
Tilt angle is equal to Latitude
Losses due to Tilt Angle
Lower Latitude advantages
Super structure concept
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Structure Types:
Structure Types:
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Sources of Energy :
Electricity Board :Contract Demand -kVA, Peak Load - kVA
Diesel Generator : Rating - kVA (Make and Life inYears)
Other Sources: Please specify with details
Load and Consumption Details :
Load type : 1 Phase or 3 Phase
Type of Loads : Mention Type of Machines and Equipments used
Operating Hours : Hours and …… am to…..pm (if Load works in 2 or
3 Shifts, weekly holidays)
Consumption : ………….Units (Average of last six months)
Detailed Electrical Survey:
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Case Study in absence of DG:
DG of 125kVA – 100kW Minimum 30% Load on DG : 30kW for safe and healthy operation
LOAD SOLAR RESULT COMMENTS
100kW 50kW SUCCESS Remaining will be supplied by DG
100kW 70kW SUCCESS DG operates at exactly 30% Load
100kW 80kW FAILURE DG is unsafe, DG synchronize but may supply at High Frequency and Inverter out of Sync
100kW 120kW FAILURE Reverse feeding from Solar to DG, DG will trip. No synchronization – Total Block out
Possible Solutions: Proper Solar PV capacity selection Alternate energy storage: Automatic Response Devices or PLC’s Compressed air technology using VFD’s instead of Battery and Fuel Cells
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Inverter Selection:
Inverter types: Central Inverters and String Inverters
Possibility of breakdown and Cost difference
Inverter Voltage Range
Inverter Efficiency curve with Power
Inverter Efficiency curve with Voltage
Protection devices availability: DC Fuses, DC dis connector, SPD
Number of MPPT’s and inputs
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Protection Devices:
IP 65 Box
BLOCKING DIODE:
DC Fuses
SPD or MOV (T-MOV):
Lightning Arrestor
Earthing
DC dis connector
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Communication Details:
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