SOLAR POWER

MAIN FOCUS What is Solar Power? What are Solar Panels? Structure of a solar panel Photovoltaic system and CSP Power shortage in Pakistan Worldwide usage And how solar panels can help save

Pakistan from the Power crisis!

SOLAR POWER Solar power means the power

obtained from the sun It’s a renewable source of energy Solar power is used as a driving

force via solar cells or CSP. CSP is concentrated solar power

SOLAR PANELS Solar panels are a

small part of a large photovoltaic system.

Also called photovoltaic cells or solar modules.

Solar cells are made up of wafer-based crystalline silicon cells.

These cells can be made up of either cadmium telluride or silicon.

The power of each solar panel ranges from 100 to 320 Watts.

STRUCTURE OF A SOLAR PANEL Protection Layer: Usually

made from glass, though in thin-film modules this can also be transparent plastic.

Front Contact: The electric contact at the front, has to be transparent, as otherwise, light would not get into the cell.

Absorption Material: The heart of the module is the layer where the light is absorbed and converted into electric current. All materials used are semiconductors.

Metal back contact: A conductor at the back completes the electric circuitry.

Laminate Film: A laminate ensures that the structure is water-proof and insolated from heat.

Back glass: This layer gives protection on the back side of the module. It may be glass, it may also be made of aluminum or plastic.

Connectors: Finally, the module is fitted with connectors and cables, so it can be wired.

BASIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM A photovoltaic

system works on the principle of the Photoelectric Effect.

The electrons flow from the n-type region to the p-type region creating a potential difference.

This is how electricity is generated in a photovoltaic system.

Sunlight Solar cells Formation of DC voltage

Storage of DC in a battery

InverterConversion

to AC Voltage

Supply to concerned

device

CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER Concentrated solar

power is a photovoltaic system sans the solar cells.

It is also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal or CSP.

This system uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto a small area.

CSP is used to drive heat turbines.

Sunlight Mirrors/lenses Concentration upon small area

Conversion of solar energy into thermal energy

Thermal energy used to drive a

heat engine

Electrical power generator

Electrical Energy

It usually refers to the shortage of oil, electricity or other natural resources.

An power crisis is any great shortfall in the supply of energy to an economy.

TOTAL INSTALLED ELECTRICALCAPACITY

THERMAL POWER• Guddu Power Station in SindhUpgrade three units at Guddu Power

Station to restore 75 megawatts generation capacity

Ensure compliance with Pakistani and U.S. environmental regulations

• BIN QASIM THERMAL POWER STATION 1260 MW Bin Qasim Thermal Power Project 

NUCLEAR POWER• Karachi Nuclear Power

Complex (KANUPP) (Nuclear power provides

about 3% of total electric power production in Pakistan.)

 It completed its 30 years design life on December 5, 2002

HYDRO POWER Tarbela Hydropower Plant  The project was designed to

generate 1,728 MW ,total capacity of the power house to 3,478 MW.

  Chasma-Jhelum hydropower plan

Total capacity of the power house to 600 MW.

SOLAR POWERED STADIUM

FLOWER POWERFLOWER POWER

SOLAR POWERED DESERT STRUCTURE

SOLAR POWERED PLANE

SOLAR PYRAMIDSOLAR PYRAMID

WORLDWIDE USAGE Solar power has become a focus in

the US, Spain, Australia and many other countries.

Huge CSP plants have been installed along with individual photovoltaic systems.

The overall capacity of worldwide CSP systems is 2135.55 Mega Watt.

ON OFFICE BUILDINGS SOLAR PANELS ARE USED TO COVER ROOF AREAS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY AND ALSO TO PROVIDE SHADE.

Solar energy is also frequently used for transportation signaling, solar geysers, solar heaters,

Solar Power is used in environmental monitoring equipment and corrosion protection systems for pipelines, well-heads, bridges, and other structures.

 In developing regions, central power plants can provide electricity to homes via a local wired network.

Other technologies also exist, such as Stirling engine dishes which use a Stirling cycle engine to power a generator.

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