Solar magnetic elements at 0.Solar magnetic elements at 0.”” 1 resolution 1 resolutionGeneral appearance and magnetic General appearance and magnetic

structurestructure

T.E. Berger etal. A&A 428,613,2004 T.E. Berger etal. A&A 428,613,2004

1. Introduction1. Introduction

1)Motivation1)Motivation

High temporal and space observationHigh temporal and space observation

2) Previous observations and theories2) Previous observations and theories

‘ ‘magnetic element hypothesis’magnetic element hypothesis’

in active and quiet network regionsin active and quiet network regions

discrete flux tubes ~100km ~kilogaussdiscrete flux tubes ~100km ~kilogauss

1. Introduction1. Introduction

3)Main Results3)Main Results

a) the magnetic structure with ~100km:a) the magnetic structure with ~100km:

‘ ‘ribbon’ and discrete flux tubesribbon’ and discrete flux tubes

b) two-component model:b) two-component model:

plage and enhanced networkplage and enhanced network

i) individual kilo-gauss flux tubes i) individual kilo-gauss flux tubes

ii) ‘ribbon’ structure, from ~100 to ~1000 Gii) ‘ribbon’ structure, from ~100 to ~1000 G

2. Observations2. Observations1) Telescope and instrumentation1) Telescope and instrumentation Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) ~0.Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) ~0.””11 filter CaIIH G-band G-cont FeI NiI λ [nm] 369.88 430.5 436.4 630.25 676.78

∆λwhm[nm] 0.29 1.1 1.1 0.0072 0.0086 Exposure time [ms] 35 5 5 200 120–144 Field of view [“] 82 × 83 82 × 83 82 × 83 98 × 66 98 × 66 Pixel size [“] 0.041 0.041 0.041 0.064 0.064

2) Observation program i) Selected the best images G-band, G-cont and CaIIH images 15s FeI magnetogram NiI Dopplergram 12s ii) Observed regionii) Observed region the plage network of AR 10365 on 25 May 2003 , S7 E4the plage network of AR 10365 on 25 May 2003 , S7 E43) Example images3) Example images

G-band

G-band continuum

CaII H -line

FeI magnetogram

NiI Dopplergram

3. Analysis3. Analysis

Selected 6 regions of interest(ROI)Selected 6 regions of interest(ROI)

1)ROI 1 ‘ribbon-like’ structures1)ROI 1 ‘ribbon-like’ structures

2)ROI 2 spread out ‘ribbon’ and ‘micropore’2)ROI 2 spread out ‘ribbon’ and ‘micropore’

3)ROI 3 loop-like and ‘flower’ structures3)ROI 3 loop-like and ‘flower’ structures

4)ROI 4 two pores and canal structure4)ROI 4 two pores and canal structure

5)ROI 5 ‘ribbon’ and individual flux tubes5)ROI 5 ‘ribbon’ and individual flux tubes

brightest G, strongest FeI and NiI signalsbrightest G, strongest FeI and NiI signals

6)ROI 6 ‘flower’, ribbon, pore, canal forming6)ROI 6 ‘flower’, ribbon, pore, canal forming

and individual flux tubesand individual flux tubes

G-band CaII H -line

FeI magnetogram(-1177 to 478G)

Binary mask of G-band

ROI 1

Intensity plot along the white line

G-band CaII H -line

FeI magnetogram(-1438 to 242G)

NiI Dopplergram(-783 to 878 ms-

1)

ROI 2

Intensity plot along the white line

G-band CaII H -line

FeI magnetogram (-1086 to 326G) NiI Dopplergram(-1531 to 785 ms-1)

ROI 3

G-band CaII H -line

ROI 4

FeI magnetogram(-1438 to 502G)

NiI Dopplergram(-453 to 970 ms-

1)

Intensity plot across the canal

572 ms-1

G-band CaII H -line

ROI 5

FeI magnetogram(-1055 to 435G)

NiI Dopplergram(-1229 to 680 ms-1)

Intensity plot across the bright point

685ms-1

G-band CaII H -line

FeI magnetogram(-1388 to 342 G)

NiI Dopplergram(-958 to 1064 ms-1)

ROI 6

‘flower’

‘canal’ forming

4. Conclusions4. Conclusions1)New finding: ‘1)New finding: ‘ribbon-likeribbon-like’ structures’ structures2)The magnetic structure with ~100km:2)The magnetic structure with ~100km: ‘ ‘ribbon’ and discrete flux tubesribbon’ and discrete flux tubes3) Propose two-component model:3) Propose two-component model: plage and enhanced networkplage and enhanced network i) individual kilo-gauss flux tubes ~1500 Gi) individual kilo-gauss flux tubes ~1500 G ii) ‘ribbon’ structure, from ~100 to ~1000 Gii) ‘ribbon’ structure, from ~100 to ~1000 G4) MHD simulation, dynamo flux generation,4) MHD simulation, dynamo flux generation, magnetic flux on convection … magnetic flux on convection … more complexity than previously thought more complexity than previously thought