solar heat for industrial processes - stellenbosch university heat... · solar heat for industrial...
TRANSCRIPT
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Werner Weiss
AEE - Institute for Sustainable Technologies
A-8200 Gleisdorf, Feldgasse 2
AUSTRIA
Solar Heat for
Industrial Processes Worldwide Potential, Sectors, Processes and
Overview on Installed Systems
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Heat accounts for more than half of world’s
total final energy consumption today
Source: IEA Statistics
20.2%
26.7%
24.4%
25.9%
2.8%
Electricity Transport Industry
Buildings Other sectors
World total final energy consumption, 2011 (322 EJ)
Source: Paolo Frankl, IEA, Paris
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Heat plays important role worldwide
Note: Figure based on 2009 data
Source: Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 Source: IEA Technology Roadmap – Solar Heating & Cooling
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Global Solar Heating and Cooling Markets
www.iea-shc.org
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Total installed capacity of unglazed and
glazed water collectors in operation in the
10 leading countries by the end of 2011
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Total capacity of glazed flat plate and
evacuated tube collectors in operation in kWth
per 1,000 inhabitants by the end of 2011
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Annual installed capacity of flat plate and
evacuated tube collectors from 2000 to 2011
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Total installed capacity in operation
by economic regions at the end of 2011
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Distribution of solar thermal systems by
application for the newly installed glazed water
collector capacity of by economic region in 2011
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Potential of solar heating and cooling
by sector (EJ/yr)
7.2 EJ/a
8.9 EJ/a
1.5 EJ/a
0.4 EJ/a
Solar heating and cooling capacity could produce annually by 2050:
- 16.5 EJ solar heat (16% of TFE low temp. heat)
- 1.5 EJ solar cooling (17% of TFE cooling) Source: IEA Technology Roadmap – Solar Heating & Cooling
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Regional solar heating and cooling generation
in buildings and industry
World Map
Source: IEA Technology Roadmap – Solar Heating & Cooling
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Temperature Levels
Three different temperature levels are used for describing
the quality of the demand for heat in industries:
Low temperature level is defined as up to 95°C,
corresponding to the typical heat demands for space heating or
industrial processes like washing, rinsing and food preparation.
Temperatures between 95ºC and 250ºC are defined
“medium”. This heat is normally supplied through steam.
Temperatures over 250ºC are “high” and needed to
manufacture metals, ceramics, glass etc.
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Min
ing a
nd Quarr
ying
Food and T
obacco
Pulp &
paper
Chemic
al
Non-Meta
llic M
inera
ls
Basic M
etals
Machin
ery
Transport
Equip
ment
Oth
ers
Above 400°C
100 - 400°C
Below 100°C
Source: ECOHEATCOOL
Industrial heat demand by temperature level and
industrial sector
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Industrial Heat Demand
Source: IEA ETP 2012
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Industrial heat demand by temperature level
and industrial sector
Industrial heat demand by temperature level in the EU in 2010 (left) and industrial heat
demand in the EU in 2010 and expected demand in 2050 (right). Source: OECD / IEA (2012).
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Temperature levels of processes
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Process
1st step
2nd step: Solar Thermal Energy
η
Efficiency first
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Generic Solar Heat Integration Concepts
Wate
r an
d A
ir
Ste
am
Open or closed process?
Sto
rag
e n
eed
ed
Dir
ect
co
up
led
Air Collector
Flat plate collector
Evacuated tube
High vacuum flat plate
Linear fresnel
Parabolic trough
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Integration on supply level – hot water
Feed-in solar energy in heating circuit
High set temperature
Simple system integration
Small number of system layouts
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Integration on process level
Solar energy is directly used for the process
Different system layouts possible
Often complex system integration
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Parabolic Trough Baking Device developed in
Lesotho
Source: Ivan Yaholnitsky, BBCDC
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Mzuri Sana Farm - Zimbabwe
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First Results – IEA SHC Task 49 Data base
122 systems, 125,600 m² , 87.8 MW
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
To
tal a
rea
of ca
the
go
ry
[m²]
Nu
mb
er
of
sys
tem
s
total area for each category number of plants
52 systems with 2.250 m² total
17 systems with 98.700
m² total
Source: IEA SHC Task 49
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74 25
8 5
3 7
Europe Asia
USA Africa
South America k.A.
First Results IEA SHC Task 49 - Countries
Country quantity
Austria 20
Germany 13
Greece 13
Spain 12
Portugal 4
Switzerland 4
France 2
Romania 2
Cyprus 1
Czech Republic 1
Sweden 1
Turkey 1
India 8
China 5
Thailand 3
Vietnam 3
Indonesia 1
Saudi Arabia 1
Jordan 4
USA 8
Tunisia 1
Egypt 2
Kenya 1
Panama 1
Argentinia 1
Chile 1
Costa Rica 1
k.A. 7
Europe Asia
USA
Africa
Source: IEA SHC Task 49
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System price related to system size
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
€/m
²
m²
lowest price
highest price
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Drying Applications
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Generic System - 1Nso
Main Applications
Coffee Drying
Tea Drying
Maize Drying
• Tobacco Drying
Temperature range for the processes: 30 - 80°C
Heat carrier: air
Recommended Collector Types:
glazed or unglazed air collector
Solar Wall ®
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Coffee drying, Coopeldos, Costa Rica
Installed capacity: 595 kWth (850 m² Air collector)
Air based Drying System
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Air based Drying Systems in India
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Leather Drier with Solar Hot Air Ducts M/S M.A. KHIZAR HUSSAIN & SONS, RANIPET
Source: C.PALANIAPPAN, PAN
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Sadesa Leather (1)
Sadesa, Thailand
Tanery
Hot water for taning process
System
Aschoff solar
Start of operation: 2013
1.890 m² Vacuum tube
collector
35 m³ heat store
30 - 80 °C
IEA SHC Task 49
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Sadesa Leather (2)
IEA SHC Task 49
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Sadesa Leather (3)
Gerberei
IEA SHC Task 49
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Food Industry
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Main Applications
cleaning of:
• bottles
• textile
• cars
Temperature range for the processes: 40 - 90°C
Heat carrier: water
Recommended Collector Types:
flat-plate collector
Washing processes with open hot water
loop - generic system concept
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Parking service Castellbisbal SA, container washing, Barcelona, Spain.
Installed capacity: 357 kWth. Source: Aiguasol Engineering, Spain.
Washing Processes
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MOGUNTIA Meat Spices, Kirchbichl Tyrol
Installed Capacity: 150 kWth (215 m² FPC)
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Year of Installation: 2007
Installed Capacity: 150 kWth (215 m² collector area)
Storage Volume: 10 m³
Daily Hot Water Demand: 8000 Liter
Solar Fraction: 45%
Processes: Cleaning of stainless steel containers for spices
Cleaning of dispersing machines
Hot water for processing liquid spices and pastes
Dehydration of production halls in summer
MOGUNTIA Meat Spices, Kirchbichl Tyrol
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Closed Systems
Main Applications :
• Textile Industry
• Tanneries
• Dairy
• Breweries
• Beverage Industry
Temperature range for the processes : 30 - 110°C
Heat carrier: Water / Steam
Recommended Collector Types : FK, CPC, VR
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Dairy, TYRAS S.A. , Trikala, Greece
Installed Capacity: 728 kWth (1040 m² FK)
Tyras dairy, Trikala, Greece
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Prestage Food (1)
North Carolina, USA
IEA SHC Task 49
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Prestage Food (2)
Poultry Company in NC, USA
Energy-Contractor: FLS Energy Owner of the Solar System
Demand 568 [m³/d] Hot water at (>60 °C) for Cleaning
processes
System
Start of operation 2012
7,804 m² Flat plate collectors
852 m³ Heat Storage (10 x 85 [m³])
50% Solar Fraction (Hot water)
Source of pictures: FLS Energy
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Prestage Food (3)
Cleaning of equipment
IEA SHC Task 49
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Beverage Industry
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Nestle Waters (1)
Al Manhal, Riad, Saudi Arabia
System
Millennium Energy Industries
Start of operation: January 2012
515 m² Flat plate collectors
15 m³ Heat Storage
Replacement of electricity for bottle washing (~ 70 °C)
IEA SHC Task 49
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Nestle Waters (2)
IEA SHC Task 49
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Nestle Waters (3)
Al Manhal, Riad, Saudi Arabia
Flaschen waschen IEA SHC Task 49
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Pre-Heating of Process Water
Gatorade (PepsiCo)
Phoenix, AZ, USA
892 m² solar collectors
38 m³ buffer tank
Pre-Heating fresh water for the soft-
drink production at 35°C / 95°F
Annual Energy gains =
more than 1 Mio. kWh !!!
(= more than 1200 kWh/(m²*y) !)
Source: SOLID GmbH. Graz Austria
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Source: SOLID GmbH. Graz Austria
Pre-Heating of Process Water
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Textile Industry
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Textile Industry Hangzhou China 13000㎡
(9 MWth)
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Metal Industry
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Necessity of a Storage Tank
Main Applications
• Galvanic industry
• Food industry
Temperature range for the processes : 30 - 90°C
Heat carrier: Water
Recommended Collector Types: FP, ETC, CPC
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Demonstration Plants
70 kW evacuated tube collectors
Galvanic Industry, Germany
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Electroplating Bath in Ludhiana, India 500 m² collector area (350 kWth)
Sources: Greentech Knowledge Solution and Intersolar Systems , India
The temperature of the electroplating
bath is to be maintained at 55 to 60 °C
for 12 hours a day.
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Mining
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Solar Heat for Copper Mining in Cyprus -
0.5MWth
Source: Millennium Energy Industries
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Copper Mine in Chile - 26MWth
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Copper Mine “Gabriela Mistral”, Chile
26MWth (39,300 m²)
System
39.300 m² Flat plate collector
4.300 m³ Storage
85-100% Solar fraction
Process
Electro winning of copper
Electrolyte is kept on a constant Temp. of 50 °C
Cleaning Processes
Source: SUNMARK and IEA SHC Task 49
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Copper Mine “Gabriela Mistral”, Chile
26MWth (39,300 m²)
Source: SUNMARK
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Copper Mine “Gabriela Mistral”, Chile
Facts and Challenges
Source: SUNMARK
Contracting System performed by Pampa Elvira Solar
Codelco has signed an agreement with the Chilean company
Pampa Elvira Solar to deliver solar heat to the mining factory over
a 10-year period.
Pampa Elvira Solar owns the solar field and is responsible for its
operation.
Flow and return temperatures:
primary side: 85 / 55 °C
secondary side – supplying the mine - at 80 / 60 °C
Expected output: specific yield of 1,272 kWh/m2
Challenge:
A special machine for dry-cleaning the collectors was developed by
Sunmark. The Gaby mine is in one of the driest areas on earth,
with rain only pouring down every 50 years.
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Distilling and chemical processes
El NASR Pharmaceutical Chemicals, Egypt. Installed capacity: 1,33 MWth
Steam production via a flashing process - generic system concept
Source: Fichtner Solar GmbH. Germany
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Thank your
attention
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Biggest System Worldwide, Saudi Arabia 36.000 m² / 25 MWth
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Biggest System Worldwide, Saudi Arabia 36.000 m² / 25 MWth
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Biggest System Worldwide, Saudi Arabia 36.000 m² / 25 MWth
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Biggest System Worldwide, Saudi Arabia 36.000 m² / 25 MWth
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Pipes and Heat Exchangers