solar energy project at biosphere 2
DESCRIPTION
Solar energy project at Biosphere 2. Alex Cronin Biosphere 2 Board Meeting May 15 2009. Biosphere 2 goes solar. Exploit unique facilities of Biosphere 2 and B2 campus to address fundamental questions associated with practical, “smart grid” implementation of solar energy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Board meeting spring 09
Solar energy project at Biosphere 2
Alex CroninBiosphere 2 Board Meeting May 15 2009
Board meeting spring 09
Biosphere 2 goes solar
• Exploit unique facilities of Biosphere 2 and B2 campus to address fundamental questions associated with practical, “smart grid” implementation of solar energy
• Develop a solar energy based, MWatt range PV solar generation, storage and smart grid system on Biosphere 2 campus as research, demonstration and educational tool
Board meeting spring 09
Aggressive renewable portfolio standards
Arizona: 15% by 2025California: 20% by 2017Colorado: 10% by 2015Hawaii: 20% by 2020Montana: 15% by 2015Nevada: 20% by 2015New Mexico: 10% by 2011Texas: 10,000 MW by 2025
Illinois: 8% by 2013Iowa: 105 MW Minnesota: Xcel 1,125 MW by 2010Wisconsin: 2.2% by 2011
Illinois: 8% by 2013Iowa: 105 MW Minnesota: Xcel 1,125 MW by 2010Wisconsin: 2.2% by 2011
Connecticut: 10% by 2010DC: 11% by 2022Maine: 30% by 2000Maryland: 7% by 2008Massachusetts: 4% new by 2009New Jersey: 6.5% by 2008New York: 25% by 2013Pennsylvania: 18% by 2020Rhode Island: 16% by 2009Vermont=load growth 2005-2012
Board meeting spring 09
Effect of clouds on solar power yield
Rated Power2,640 Watts peak
Board meeting spring 09
Solar power is intermittent
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Pow
er (
norm
aliz
ed)
28272625242322Day in April 2009
Board meeting spring 09
Solar power is intermittent
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Pow
er (
norm
aliz
ed)
24.824.724.624.524.424.324.2Day in April 2009
Board meeting spring 09
Quiz
Question:
Will 1 more MW of solar displace 1 MW of coal?
Answer:
If solar power generation exceeds 2% of supply (30 MW in Tucson), then no
….not without storage and a smart grid.
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Storage
RPS mandates can only be reached if renewable energy sources are smoothed and made dispatchable by energy storage
Energy Storage can:
• Provide power quality (voltage support)• Bridge outages seamlessly• Allow load following for DG; make renewables dispatchable• Provide peak shaving • Defer need for transmission and generation upgrades
Can it also:
• Reduce CO2 ?• Reduce cost ?• Be easily integrated into industry-scale systems?
Board meeting spring 09
Biosphere 2 – solar and grid
Grid / Substation
1.5 MW gas
1.5 MW diesel
50 kW solar
B22 MW
500 kGalWater Tanks
Casitas50 kWCasitas50 kW
Board meeting spring 09
Biosphere 2 – solar smart grid
2 MW solar
Grid / Substation
1.5 MW gas
1.5 MW diesel
50 kW solar
2 MWNAS
battery
50 kWPump / Turbine
Advanced MicroGridControl System
B22 MW
500 kGalWater Tanks
Casitas50 kWCasitas50 kW
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Scenario A
discharging
charging
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Board meeting spring 09
B22 MW
Casitas50 kWCasitas
50 kW
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0.35 MW (peak) of solar panels
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Board meeting spring 09
Board meeting spring 09
Board meeting spring 09
Financing
2 MW Solar = 10 M$ *2 MW battery = 4 M$ **Control Electronics = 2 M$Research Team = 2 M$
* Solar PPA: -5M REC, -1.5M tax, 3.5M. Pays for itself in 8 yrs.
** DOE Smart Grid technologies: 50% match
Potential partnerships:
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THANK YOU
Dr. Alex Cronin
Department of PhysicsThe University of Arizona
Board meeting spring 09
Board meeting spring 09
Efficiency first! (nicely done)
EC/Bio2 Daily Electric
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
kWh
Jan
Feb
Mar
April
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Average daily electricity consumption
… Renewables next.
Board meeting spring 09
Energy Storage:• Pumped Hydro• Compressed Air• Plug In Hybrid Batteries
Grid Control and Storage Value Demonstration• partnership with businesses• S&C, TI, SOLON, TEP, APS
PV performance • different environments in AZ• degradation rates• energy yields
Cost, Reliability, Efficiency,Storage,Transmission
C R E S T of challenges for renewables
Other research
Board meeting spring 09
Momentary Interruptions
67%
Sustained Interruptions
33%
U.S. Total: $79 Billion
$52.3 Billion
$26.3 Billion
Joe Eto LBL
• Estimated at $79 Billion Annually in a recent study by Joe Eto, LBL
• Total U.S. Cost of Electricity $250 Billion Annually
Outage Costs for U.S. Industry
Momentary interruptions (<5min) are more c ostly than sustained snterruptions
Board meeting spring 09
PV module production in MW
Board meeting spring 09
Solar smart grid
2 MW solar
Grid / Substation
1.5 MW gas
1.5 MW diesel
0.05 MW solar
2 MWNAS
battery
0.05 MWPump / Turbine
Advanced MicroGridControl System
B2
0.5 to 3.0 MW
200 kGalWater Tank
Casitas0.05 MW
Casitas0.05 MW
300 kGalWater Tank