• Solar Energy - P.5

• Biogas – P.10

• Nuclear Power – P.15

Defining of Alternative fuels

• Any materials/substances can be used as a fuel

Include • Biodiesel• Bioalcohol

Eg:Ethanol, Butanol• Batteries and Fuel cells etc.• Hydrogen• Non-fossil methane• Non-fossil natural gas• Vegetable oil • Other biomass sources.

Renewable Energy

• A energy source amount that can be produced at a faster rate than our using rate

• For example,

Solar energy and Nuclear energy are two different kinds of renewable energy

Importance of Renewable energy

• Unlimited supply

• Preventing energy resources deficiently

• Environmentally friendly

The most common renewable energy

Solar energy

• Technology of obtaining usable energy from the sun lightUse lots of mirrors to reflect the rays onto a boiler

then the water in the boiler heats up to

become steam that turns the turbine

• Collect by solar panels

• Most common uses in daily

Solar panels

Common uses

• Domestic use• Supply heat or hot water• Desalination of seawater• Air-conditioning

• Generate electricity1. Greenhouse energy supply

2. Solar energy calculating machine

3. Solar transportation

• Space exploreAn Earth observation satellite

International

• Solar Cities initiativeAustralia carry out this cause more than 4 city to be Solar City

• The first Europe solar factory Spain built it in Seville on 30 March,2007

• Rising the sum of Solar energyCalifornia increase the maximum of generate solar energy

Pros & Cons of Solar energy

• Easy to collect

• Manifold Using

• No by-product

• Secure

• Expensive to build panels

• Seasonal

Can’t work in dim light condition

Natural renewable energy

Biogas

• Refers to a gas produced by the 1. Anaerobic digestion

2. Fermentation of organic matter

manure

sewage sludge

municipal solid waste

biodegradable waste

• Containing Methane

Produce of Biogas

• Mainly production is anaerobic digestion for treating biodegradable waste Valuable fuel can be produced while destroying pathogens and

reducing the volume of wastes

Anaerobic digestion component

Methane

• Molecular formula CH4

• Not toxic• Highly flammable• May form explosive mixtures with air• Greenhouse gas with a greater global warming potential than CO2

• Attractive fuel1. Methane's relative abundance

2. Clean burning process

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Pros & Cons of Biogas

• Reduce the volume of wastes

• CheapestJust reuse wastes

• DangerousForms explosive mixtures

• Will cause

global warmingMethane is Greenhouse gas

The most dangerous alternative energy

Nuclear Power

• Nuclear power is energy released from the atomic nucleus

• Mainly uses Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239

• A Controversial energy

• As of 2004,nuclear power provided 6.5% of the world's energy and 15.7% of the world's electricity

How to produce electricity!?

1. Nuclear fuels break down in a controlled way to generate Heat

2. The heat is used to boil water to steam

3. The steam drives the turbine

4. Turbine produces electricity

Producing electricity

Common uses

• Mainly for generation of electricity

• Heavy-duty weapons use it for power source

• Additional, hydrogen production

by generation of electricity

Factory

Why Nuclear energy cannot replace fossil fuel?

• Expensive to construct & run a nuclear power station

• The purpose of petroleum is wider

• The required technique level is higher

• Safer for using fossil fuel1. Accidents will destroy the environment

2. Effect the surrounding population’s health

3. The wastes are radioactive

• The waste heat of produce Nuclear power

is difficult to reduce

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Argument of using Nuclear power!?

• The accident of nuclear power station is serious Such as the Chernobyl disaster

• May be controlled by careerist to develop nuclear weapon

1. nuclear warhead2. nuclear-armed missile

• Environmental impacts of nuclear power are damaged by

1. Uranium mining which is radioactive effluent emission2. waste heat.

Pros & Cons of nuclear power

• Can reduce global warming when produce a great amount of energy

• Very expensive• The wastes are

harmful • Is serious that the

nuclear plant have any accidents

The useful energy in future

• We think Biogas is the most suitable in future- Come from nature

- Can be produced a lot by populations raising

- Repayment is the greatest

- Completely absorb the methane by technique arise

- Area of wastes occupied will decrease

Disadvantage of develop alternative fuels

• Excess resources for testing and producing station

• Less range of uses than petroleum

• Efficiency is low

• Usually, need a lot of technology to support

• Some are dangerous to produce or

• Difficult to handle( Methane )

5B Group 7

|22| Chui Man Kit|31| Lui Ka Kit

|32| Lui Tsz Shing|33| Mok Ho Lung

|34| Sham Kong Sang