solar energy in austria the way from individual movements to a key world market position

05.11.2009, Malta, Valetta Solar thermal heating and cooling, PV

C Podesser ConsultingSolar Energy in Austria

Solar Energy in AustriaThe way from individual movements to a key

world market position



Solar thermal applications in Austria



Historical development

1974: First solar collector applications



0

50.000

100.000

150.000

200.000

250.000

300.000

350.000

400.000

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Inst

alle

d C

oll

ecto

r A

rea

[m²/

year

]

Unglazed Plastic Collector

Evacuated Tube Collector

Flat-plate Collector

Market development in Austria (courtesy of AEE-Intec)



24

0.3

52

21

1.3

96

27

3.9

61

41

3.5

95

32

8.4

50

40

1.3

20

50

0.2

00 68

1.4

90

1.1

29

.57

9

1.6

32

.20

0

58

.16

5

65

.20

3

11

5.3

68

25

0.8

72

16

9.5

00

23

6.7

00

32

3.0

50

45

3.5

45

85

3.8

85

80

4.3

62

1.3

01

.98

0

15

.77

9

11

.87

5

9.0

89

6.4

24

4.6

50

6.4

20

14

.34

4

15

.11

1

30

.09

0

22

.41

9

58

.47

0

1.1

86

.57

5

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

900.000

1.000.000

1.100.000

1.200.000

1.300.000

1.400.000

1.500.000

1.600.000

1.700.000

1.800.000

1.900.000

2.000.000

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

Pro

duct

ion,

Exp

ort

and

Imp

ort

of

ther

mal

Col

lect

ors

[m²]

.

Production

Export

Import


Export rate: 76 %



0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

4.000.000

4.500.000

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1989

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Co

llect

or

Are

a in

Op

era

tion

[m

²]

. Unglazed Plastic Collector

Evacuated Tube Collector

Flat-plate Collector


3,96 Mio. m2 in 2008



Subsidies Solar Thermal in Austria 2008

● Residential Buildings: Direct Subsidies € 38.5 Mill.

● Hotel Sector and Industry: Direct Subsidies € 4.3 Mill

Annual Subsidies 40 – 50 Mill EURO

Turn over 2008: around 590 Mio. €

Direct Employment: ca. 7.400



Small system for hot water preparation, 500 to 650 kWh/ kWtha (courtesy of AEE)



Solar Combi systems for single family house, 450 to 550 kWh/kWth, a

Photo: AEE-Intec



Solar combi system for a multi family house (courtesy of AEE-Intec)



Solar assisted biomass district heating system (courtesy of AEE-Intec)



Solar assisted district heating system, Graz (courtesy of AEE-Intec)



Courtesy of AEE-Intec



Photovoltaic in Austria



Grid connected photovoltaic installations in Austria



Comparison: Wp / inhabitant of several EU-countries



PV installation with 1 MWp



Technical data of PV installation in Eberstalzell

Research plant with 1000 kWp Necessary plot: 6 ha New DC/AC inverter technology Praxis test of new solar cells Grid connection on 30 kV (own transformer) High efficiency expected Info Centre integratded (promotion of the technology) Start with planning: Spring 2009; Opening: summer 2010 Cost: 6,5 Mio €



Objective of research

Specific yields of several solar cell types Environmental impact (snow, ice, temperature …) Detection of additional yields by tracking systems Optimum of electrical facilities Biology (plants, animals, ..)



1 MWp – PV plant in Eberstalzell, Austria



Cost of PV



Solar cooling in Austria

Early developments Split plant Austrian Maltese Cooperation Later developments in Austria



Applications of solar assisted cooling

Air-Conditioning

heat: 60 to 80°C, HR: 20 to 30°C, cold: 0 to10°C

Process Cooling

heat: 80 to 95 °C, HR: 20 to 30°C,cold: -10 to 0°C

Frozen food

heat: 110 to 140°C, HR: 20 to 30 °C,cold: -30 to – 20°C



Historical development, 1975, first step



Historical development, solar cooling, Split 1979



Austrian Maltese Research Centre1981 to 1986



Cooperation of Austria and Malta 1981 – 1986

AMRC - Contract: April 1981 Contract partners: Austrian Ministry of Science an Research

ENEMALTA (Maltese energy & water utility) Scientific Steering Committee (University of Malta, ASSA)

Research programme, time shedule

Responsible for the work on site Joanneum Research (former Research Centre Graz), University of Malta, Maltese companies.

Scientific programmeTheoretical and practical work on solar heating & cooling, workshop for production of solar collectors, solar collector test facilities, seawater desalination.



Historical development, down scaled ARM, 1981

12 kW Absorption refrigeration machine



Austrian Maltese Research Centre, 1981 – 1986Solar heating & cooling, hot water storage



Opening, 15th of September, 1981



Hot water preparation in Hal Ferh, 4 m2 collectors , 500 l storage, 1982



Production, test and comparison of flat plate solar collectors at the AMRC



10 kW ARM

Technical data

Falling film technologyPiston-oil-membrane pumpHermetic closed level sensors

Heating temperature: 60 to 95 °CHeat rejection: 20 to 33 °CEvap. temperature: -10 to 10 °C



Cooling tower Container AKM Concent. solar collectors

Cold storage for food



Cold storage in a container for food



Solar assisted sea water desalination



PV/net operating Reverse Osmosis Desalination1986Not executed in the AMRC



Later Developments in Austria on solar assisted cooling2000 to 2005

Desiccant Air-Conditioning

Absorption refrigeration in industry & comercial companies



Desiccant-KlimatechnikQuelle: Fa. Munters

Solid DEC Air-Conditioning Courtesy of Comp. Munters

Ambient air

Supply air

Return air

Waste air



DEC plant6000 m3/h, 20 kW/ 30 kW



Solar/biomass refrigerationin an Austrian Winery100 m2 solar collectors10 kW ARM (Pink)

Photo: H. Peitler



Thank you for your attention

solar energy in austria the way from individual movements to a key world market position

Documents