SOLAR-BIOGAS HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

SOLAR-BIOGAS HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEMANU . A . NS7 . EROLL NO : 101

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Contents1.Introduction2.Purpose3.Solar power system4.Working5.Biogas plant6.Types7.Conversion of biogas into electricity8.Hybrid system9. Future scope10.Conclusion11.Refernces.2

IntroductionHybrid term describes a combined power and energy storage system.A hybrid energy system usually consist of two or more renewable energy sources combined together to provide better efficiency.Solar technology combines with biogas technology to form a hybrid system.It has a huge positive impact on the power sector of country.

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Purpose

Consumers are not provided with proper supplyInadequate power generationHigh dependency on natural gas Over populationLimited use of renewable energy sources

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Solar Power System

Solar panelsCharge controllerBattery systemInverter

Fig 1. Simple PV cell

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WorkingSolar panels are the power source for all photovoltaic(PV) installation.A charge controllerprevents overchargingandmayprotect againstovervoltage,which canreducebattery performanceorlifespan.A battery system is used for storing output power.An inverter converts dc power to ac . It has inbuilt protection against short circuit, overheating .etc.

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PrinciplePhotovoltaic means electricity from light.

They are solid state semiconductor device.

Produces electricity when exposed to light.

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Cont.8 Metal surface is exposed to sunlight

Electrons in the valenceband absorbs energy and jump to the conduction band and becomes free.

The movement of thisfree electrons causes the flow of current.

Fig 2.Working principle of PV cell.

Cont.

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What is BIOGAS?Gaseous mixture of methane,CO2,H2S and several other gases formed by the biological breakdown of organic matter.Process takes place in an oxygen deficient environment.It is counted as an eco-friendly bio-fuel.Biogas contains 60% of methane and carbon dioxide.It can be used as a substitute for LPG and CNG.10

TYPESThere are mainly two types:

Fixed dome type biogas plant

Floating gas holder type of biogas plant.11

Fixed dome type biogas12Biomass is mixed with equal quantity of water and forms slurry.Slurry is fed to the digester through inlet tank.When digester is partially filled, tank is left untouched for two months.Anaerobic fermentation takes place.As a result biogas starts collecting in the dome.Spent slurry is collected from outlet tank and used as manure.Biogas is collected through gas controlvalve as per the requirement. Fig 3 Fixed dome type

Floating gas holder Biomass is mixed with equal quantity of water.Slurry fed to inlet chamber using inlet pipe.Plant left unused for two monthsAnaerobic fermentation takes place and produces biogas.Biogas being lighter rises up and starts collecting in the gas holder.Gas valve of the gas holder is opened to get the biogas.

Fig 4.Floating gas holder type 13

Conversion of biogas into electricity

Fig 5.Conversion of biogas into electricity

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Cont.Biogas produced is used as a fuel in the combustion engine.

Fuel is converted into mechanical energy which drives a generator.

Generator produces electricity.

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Hybrid System

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Fig 5.Diagram of a hybrid system

WorkingIt is a combination of solar and biogas power generation.Solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy.A voltage regulator regulates the output power and store in the DC control unit.Biogas fuel is converted into electrical energy by means of a generator.A rectifier converts ac to dc.The output is regulated by a voltage regulator and stored in the DC control unit.

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Cont.DC output can be obtained directly.

Output may be stored in the day time in the battery bank.

AC output can be obtained by using a inverter.18

Advantages

Efficient use of renewable resources.Non polluting.Economical.Provides nutrient rich manure for plants.Continuous power supply.Controls pollution by the disposal of waste.

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DisadvantagesHigh initial cost

Requires large area

Difficulty in proper disposal waste of biogas plant.20

Future scopeConversion of biogas into electricity using fuel cells.

Technical knowledge of digestion, electric power generation process and good management is required for profitable operation

Many researches are still going on to reduce following drawbacks: High initial cost.

Methane forming bacteria is sensitive to thermal variation.

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Conclusion

Power generation using renewable energy sources.

Provides stable power source.

Healthy environment.22

ReferencesKanwardeep Singh, Study of solar/biogas hybrid power generation, Thapar University,Patiyala,2010.Alliance for Rural Electrification(ARE),Hybrid power systems based on renewable energies."Energy Sources: Solar".Department of Energy. Retrieved19 April2011.International Energy Agency (2014)."Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy"(PDF).http://www.iea.org. IEA.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved7 October2014

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QUESTIONS ????24

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