SOL Preparationfor

World

History

Getting ready for the SOL

There are less than 80 questions on the SOL Exam

They are multiple choice questions

Some include maps & graphs

You have unlimited time in which to complete the test

Answer all questions, leave no question unanswered

The secret is in preparation, what is important to know

People and events shape our history

We will identify as many important people and events as possible in order to be prepared to respond successfully on the SOL

Let’s Begin

Be sure to use a highlighter to identify key information

Make notes and page references to you text book to access more details

Follow the slides and link the person or event with important knowledge

The slides, like the test follow a chronological sequence

We will do a practice test when we have finished

5 Great World Religions

JudaismChristianityIslamHinduismBuddhism

Christianity and Islam

2 largest religions of the worldChristianity- Jesus & the BibleIslam- Allah &the Koran, the

prophet Mohammed. 5 Pillars of Faith

Mono-theistic religionsLife after death or heaven

Geographical distribution of world’s major religions

Judaism (in Israel & North America)

Christianity (Europe, North & South America)

Islam (Middle East, Africa, & Asia)

Hinduism (Concentrated in India)

Buddhism (East and Southeast Asia)

World Religions

RenaissanceNot since the times of Greece

and Rome, had there been such a period of magnificence…the Dark Ages lasted for 800 years until the great wealth created by trade led to a period known as the Renaissance

Martin LutherSalvation by

faith aloneBible is

ultimate authority

All humans equal before God

John CalvinPre-destination

Faith revealed by living a righteous life, work ethic

Expansion of the Protest Church

Reformation (rise of Capitalism)

At first the Reformation divided countries of Europe

Religious intolerance led to warGradually, religious toleration

emerged, but first came the Counter Reformation of the Catholic Church

Edict of Nantes

Allows religious freedom to flourish in France

1st example of religious toleration, ideas will spread across Europe over the next few hundred years

Henry VIII of England

Reformation led by a Monarch

Creates the Church of England

Johannes Gutenberg

Leonardo da Vinci

Laws of Planetary MotionCopernicus

(heliocentric theory) to Kepler (LPM) to Galileo

Sun is the center of the universe

Galileo Proves Kepler’s work

His ideas rock the Catholic Church

Used telescope

Spanish Armada

William Shakespeare and the Globe Theater

European thinkers express new ideas

Age of Enlightenment brought together ideas of the Renaissance & the Scientific Revolution

New attitudes are shaped about society and individuals

The Enlightenment

Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world

Stimulated religious toleranceFueled democratic revolution

around the world

VoltaireReligious

toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism:the separation of church and state

Columbian Exchange

DiseasesDisease

kills a large segment of the indigenous population of America

Spanish in America

The Spanish conquest of the Americas reflect the influence of Spain on language, customs, & culture on another people

God, Glory, and Goldslavery

Civilization of Africa

Ghana- gold and saltEuropean trading post

along coastSlave trade

Plantation System

Agricultural system in the South. Cash crops like tobacco & cotton fuel slavery

Mercantilism

An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country

Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776 - Philadelphia

Absolutism

Divine Right Theory – power given to a King by God

This concept will clash with the ideas of the new modern philosophers of the 1600’s

Louis XIV & Peter the Great Absolute Monarchs

Louis XIV Peter The Great

Glorious RevolutionA “bloodless” revolutionGreater power of Parliament in

EnglandAn example of shared power

of the monarch and the peopleAmerican & French RevolutionNapoleon- Codes

James Watt improves the Steam Engine

Transportation

Locomotive is an important form of transportation that changes life in Europe

Robert Fulton’s steamboat speeds ocean travel

Commerce & Communication is enhanced (food supply improves)

Henry Bessemer

Process to make steel

Steel is cheaper to produce

People whose ideas and inventions change the worldSir Isaac NewtonEli WhitneyHenry BessemerLouis PasteurEdward JennerKarl Marx

Match their breakthroughs

Isaac Newton

Theory of Gravity

Laws of Motion

Writers advocate liberty and reason

Adam Smith, 1776 writes The Wealth of Nations, explains a free economy & Laissez Faire policies

Law of Self Interest-competition & supply and demand

Factories

Mercantilism

Food supply

Congress of Vienna

“The Sword” Giuseppe Garibaldi

Fought in the effort to unite Northern and Southern Italy

Otto von Bismarckand German Unification

Led Germany

Realpolitik all means are justified to achieve and hold power

Imperialism in Africa

Ottoman Empire

Carving up ChinaU.S. in

ChinaOpen Door

Policy of free trade in China with out conflict

Revolution in Russia

Rise of Communism led by Lenin…the Soviet Union formed

Continued by Joseph Stalin5-year plans for agriculture

and industry

The Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles

Wilson’s 14 points

League of Nations

War Guilt Clause

World-wide depression follows WW I

Manhattan Project & the Atomic Bomb

Project to develop the atomic bomb in New Mexico

World War II

D-Day, Europe is liberatedIsland hopping across the

PacificMarshall Plan to rebuild

EuropeMacArthur rebuilds Japan

Cold War

The Berlin AirliftThe Marshall PlanTruman Doctrine – policy of

containmentNATO & Warsaw PactBerlin Wall erected in 1961

English domination of India ends after World War II

Gandhi & the idea of civil disobedience frees India of British rule after 200 years

Communist Leaders

Stalin leads Soviet Union

Mao rules China

Split

Spy planes discover that the soviets have placed missiles in Cuba (1962)

Kennedy orders a blockadeSoviets agreed to remove missiles if the

U.S. would agree not to invade Cuba and if they removed missiles from Turkey

United Nations

Apartheid

Apartheid, policy of racial segregation formerly followed in South Africa. The word apartheid means “separateness” in the Afrikaans language.

Fall of the Soviet Union 1989, satellite

nations forced democratic elections

Berlin Wall comes down

East & West Germany reunited

World’s Hot Spots The Middle East

Persian GulfOngoing

Middle East conflict

OilOPEC

European Common MarketProgress toward greater unity among the

12 member states of the European Community was mixed during 1991. Nevertheless, leaders of the member states, at a summit meeting in Maastricht, the Netherlands, in December, succeeded in agreeing on two treaties that committed them to monetary union by the end of the decade and gave the Community a clear political profile for the first time.

World Geography

Geographic features

RiversMountainsOceansHow they influence world

history