soil remediation and integrated technology...

SOIL REMEDIATION AND INTEGRATED

TECHNOLOGY MONITORING

Mónika Molnár1, Éva Ujaczki1, Viktória Feigl1, Orsolya Klebercz1, Ildikó Fekete-Kertész1, Nikolett Uzinger2, Éva Fenyvesi3 and Katalin Gruiz1

1 Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2 Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research

3 CycloLab , Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory

Terra Preta Project Opening Workshop, Budapest, 1st September 2014

MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT -ENGINEERING TOOLS


ENVIRONMENT

RISK ASSESSMENT

RISK REDUCTION

MONITORING

Technology monitoring

Risk based monitoring

INT

EG

RA

TE

D M

ET

HO

DO

LO

GY

S

OIl

TE

ST

ING

TR

IAD

ST

T

Physico-chemical methods

Ecotoxicity tests

Biological, ecological methods


STT

INTEGRATED MONITORING for SOIL


INTEGRATED MONITORING-

SOIL TESTING TRIAD

Ecotoxi- cological

tests



Integrated monitoring gives information • on the characteristics of the soil: the

biological status, the activity and adaptive behaviour of the biota

• on the quality and quantity of contaminant (or waste)

• about the effects, mobility, bioavailability, biodegradability of the contaminants (or waste)…

PH

YS

ICO

-CH

EM

ICA

L M

ET

HO

DS

ST

T



Physico-chemical characteristics of soil (three phases)

• pH, temperature, redox potential, water holding capacity, nutrient supply…

Contaminant analyses (quality, quantity)

Physical and chemical form of the contaminants

Mobility of contaminants

…

BIO

LO

GIC

AL

AN

D E

CO

LO

GIC

AL

M

ET

HO

DS

ST

T



• Information on the physiological state, flexibility and the activity of the soil microflora

• Response of soil's ecosystem on the adverse effects

• Concentrations of aerob heterotrophic bacteria, fungal species, anaerobic or facultative anaerobic colony forming cells…

• Microbial substrate utilization

• Diversity of microflora

• Respiration, dehydrogenase activity, nitrification, ammonification…

EC

OT

OX

ICIT

Y T

EST

S


Ecotoxicity testing • Integrates interactions between

toxicants, between toxicant and matrix

• Measures bioavailable ratio of the contamination

• Measures chemically not measurable toxicants by their effect

• Measures the effects of chemicals not included into the analytical programme

Testorganisms from different

trophic levels

SO

IL M

ICR

OC

OS

MS

Microcosms multispecies systems complex

procedures and interactions

• To predict transport and fate of contaminants under controlled conditions

• Modelling ex situ and in situ soil remediation

• Investigation the effect of technological parameter

• Planning remediation/ bioremediation

• Monitoring remediation

• Monitoring waste utilization on soil

• …

…



Biological, and ecological methods

Ecotoxi-city testing

Physico-

chemical

methods

Biological

and ,

ecological

methods

Ecotoxicity

testing

Assessment of a contaminated natural site or planning bioremediation the biological, ecological assessment may have dominance.

Inherited, long-term contaminated industrial sites ecotoxicity testing has dominate importance presence of not identified chemicals, mixtures of chemicals

Detailed site assessment and planning an in situ remediation the three elements of the Triad have equal importance.

ROLE AND DOMINANCE OF TRIAD ELEMENTS


SOIL REMEDIATION AND INTEGRATED

TECHNOLOGY MONITORING

Cyclodextrin enhanced bioremediation


MONITORING OF SOIL BIOREMEDIATION –

technology development for transformer oil contaminated site


Development of the

technology

30 m3 , 50 t of contaminated

soil

Field application

In situ CycloDextrin Technology –

47 weeks Pilot-scale laboratory

technological

experiments

42 weeks Technological

experiments in

microcosms

4–10 weeks Biodegradation

experiments

1–3 weeks

40 kg

250 g – 500 g

50 g – 250

g

Application of CDT

Experimental

Integrated methodology

PLANNING BIOREMEDIATION - DETAILED SITE ASSESSMENT


INTEGRATED MONITORING

Physical-chemical methods

Soil physical properties

Mechnaical composition

Soil chemistry

pH

Electrical conductivity

Salt content

Organic matter content

Nutrient content (N, P, K)

Soil contaminants

Separation

Hexane-acetone (2:1) extraction

of soil

Analyses

Gravimetry

Gaschromatography with flame-

ionization detection (GC FID)

Biological methods

Soil aerobic heterotrophic cell concentration

Contaminant -degrading cell concentration (MPN)

Soil dehydrogenase

enzyme activity

Soil respiration in

„closed bottle

Soil respiration in dynamic system

Ecotoxicological methods

Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence

inhibition test

Sinapis alba root and shoot growth

iinhibition test

Folsomia candida mortality test

RESULTS OF TECHNOLOGY MONITORING


0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

1 week 1 month 4 months 8 months 10 months

CO

2 [m

mo

l/h

ou

r]

Control soil RAMEB 0%

Transf. oil cont. soil RAMEB 0%

Transf. oil cont. soil RAMEB 0.5%

Soil sampling EPH-content in the soil [mg/kg]

Depth [m] Start 24. weeks 47. weeks (end)

0.1 m – 0.3 m 20,000-30,000 1 600 210

0.8 m – 0.9 m 20,000-30,000 800 260 0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

0 58 73 82 93 114 145 155

Time [day]

CO

2 [

%]

16,5

17

17,5

18

18,5

19

19,5

20

20,5

21

21,5

O2

[%

]

CO2 [% ] O2 [% ]

1st

addition

2nd

addition

3rd

addition

SOIL IMPROVEMENT by WASTE UTILIZATION

INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY MONITORING


SOIL IMPROVEMENT – UTILIZATION OF RED MUD-SOIL MIXTURE

Field demonstration for the utilization of

red mud-soil mixture to cover landfills

To study the beneficial effect of the red

mud-soil mixture (red mud contaminated

soil) when applied in soil substitute


• Red mud catastrophe in Ajka, Hungary

• After the disaster the thick (>5 cm) red

mud layer from soil surfaces was

removed


Integrated monitoring

Soil improvement by utilization of red mud-soil mixture

Environment

Meteorological data

Photo documentation

Soil

Physical properties

Soil texture

Dry matter content

Water holding capacity

Chemical properties

pH

Humus content

Macronutrient content (N, P, K, Ca)

Soluble toxic element content

Carbonate content

Biological and ecotoxicological

properties

Soil microflora activity

Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria count

and fungi count

Substrate utilization (BIOLOG EcoPlate)

Soil respiration

Toxicity

Aliivibrio fischeri

(bacteria)

Sinapis alba (plant)

Triticum aestivum (plant)

Folsomia candida (animal)

Plants

Biomass

Chlorophyll content


0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

control 5% RMSM

10% RMSM

20% RMSM

50% RMSM

RMSM

AW

CD

Average Well Color Development Values 120 h

1. month

5. month

10. month

0

10

20

30

40

control 5% RMSM

10% RMSM

20% RMSM

50% RMSM

RMSM

WH

C [

%]

Water holding capacity change

1. month

10. month

Aliivibrio fischeri (bacteria) No toxic effect

Sinapis alba (plant) No toxic effect

Folsomia candida (animal) No toxic effect

Red mud contaminated soil used for soil improvement up to 20% has positive effects on the subsoil and no harmful effect on the environment.

UTILIZATION OF RED MUD-SOIL MIXTURE - RESULTS

Thank you for your attention!


The experiments were carried out in the framework of the NATO Science for Piece (SfP 973720) and the SOILUTIL

(TECH_09-A4-2009-0129) Hungarian R&D projects

soil remediation and integrated technology...

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