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  • Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –
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Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: • Key features for each Soil Order See also – • Soil Orders Study Guide – Part I (on course website) • and the text for the orders’ - – key diagnostic features, arranged into keys • (another key is also given in last slides in this Part) – developmental progression – Info on diagnostic surface & subsurface layers

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Page 1: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II

These slides are to help organize in your mind:• Key features for each Soil Order

See also –• Soil Orders Study Guide – Part I (on course website)• and the textfor the orders’ -

– key diagnostic features, arranged into keys • (another key is also given in last slides in this Part)

– developmental progression– Info on diagnostic surface & subsurface layers

Page 2: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Taxonomy

Order

Page 3: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Taxonomy: The Basics

• All soils belong to one of the 12 soil ORDERS, which are differentiated from each other primarily by the presence or absence of specific diagnostic horizons.

• The order names all end in “sol”

See also: http://soils.ag.uidaho.edu/soilorders

Page 4: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order Ending Characteristics, location, etc.

Entisol -ent Absence of distinct pedogenic horizons; climate & PM key factors

Inceptisol -ept

Gelisol -el

Histosol -ist

Andisol -and

Aridisol -id

Page 5: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Entisols

Page 6: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order

Ending Characteristics, location, etc.

Entisol -ent Absence of distinct pedogenic horizons; climate & PM

Inceptisol -ept Weak development, nothing exciting. There is a “B” horizon

Gelisol -el

Histosol -ist

Andisol -and

Aridisol -id

Page 7: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

InceptisolsA 0 –5 cm

AB 5- 18

Bw1 18 - 33

Bw2 33 - 55

BC 55 - 76

C 76 – 100+

Page 8: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order

Ending Characteristics, location, etc.

Entisol -ent Absence of pedogenic horizons

Inceptisol -ept Weak development

Gelisol -el Permafrost, freeze-thaw features (13% of soils worldwide!)

Histosol -ist

Andisol -and

Aridisol -id

Page 9: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Gelisols

Page 10: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Gelisols

Page 11: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order

Ending Characteristics, location, etc.

Entisol -ent Absence of distinct pedogenic horizons

Inceptisol -ept Weak development

Gelisol -el Permafrost, freeze-thaw

Histosol -ist Very high OM in upper 80 cm (peats), wet

Andisol -and

Aridisol -id

Page 12: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Histosols

Page 13: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order

Ending Characteristics, location, etc.

Entisol -ent Absence of horizons

Inceptisol -ept Weak development

Gelisol -el Permafrost, freeze-thaw

Histosol -ist Very high OM, wet

Andisol -and Volcanic soils, Al-humus complexes (binds organics), mild temp, fairly moist

Aridisol -id

Page 14: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Andisols

Page 15: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Andisols

Page 16: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil OrdersSoil Order

Ending Characteristics, etc.

Entisol -ent Absence of distinct pedogenic horizons (genetic profile A/C)

Inceptisol -ept Weak develop (genetic profile A/Bw/C)

Gelisol -el Permafrost, freeze-thaw

Histosol -ist Very high OM, wet (peats)

Andisol -and Volcanic soils

Aridisol -id No avail. H2O when plants growing – the largest group of soils on Earth!

Page 17: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Aridisols

Page 18: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Aridisols

Page 19: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order Ending Characteristics, location, etc.

Vertisol -ert Swelling clays, high fertility, dry-wet

Mollisol -oll

Ultisol -ult

Alfisol -alf

Spodosol -od

Oxisol -ox

Page 20: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Vertisols

Page 21: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –
Page 22: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Vertisols

Page 23: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil OrdersSoil Order

Ending Characteristics, location, etc.

Vertisol -ert Swelling clays, high fertility

Mollisol -oll Dark, thick epipedon, grasslands, some dry period, high fertility

Ultisol -ult

Alfisol -alf

Spodosol -od

Oxisol -ox

Page 24: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Mollisols

Plate 8Plate 8 Mollisols -- a Typic Hapludoll from central Mollisols -- a Typic Hapludoll from central Iowa. Mollic epipedon to 1.8 ft (Scale in feet)Iowa. Mollic epipedon to 1.8 ft (Scale in feet)

Page 25: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order

Ending Characteristics, etc.

Vertisol -ert Swelling clays, high fertility

Mollisol -oll Dark, thick, grasslands

Ultisol -ult Wet subtropical or tropical, highly acidic, high in clay, Fe and Al oxides

Alfisol -alf

Spodosol -od

Oxisol -ox

Page 26: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Ultisols

Page 27: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil Orders

Soil Order

Ending Characteristics, etc.

Vertisol -ert Swelling clays, high fertility

Mollisol -oll Dark, thick, grasslands

Ultisol -ult subtropical, acidic, high in clay, Fe, Al

Alfisol -alf Moist, forested, mildly acidic, translocation of clays, moderate-high fertility

Spodosol -od

Oxisol -ox

Page 28: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Alifsols

Page 29: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil OrdersSoil Order

Ending Characteristics, etc.

Vertisol -ert Swelling clays, high fertility

Mollisol -oll Dark, thick, grasslands

Ultisol -ult Moist & warm, acidic, high in clay, oxides

Alfisol -alf Moist, forested, clays

Spodosol -od Translocation of humus and Al, Fe, cool, wet, sandy, coniferous forest

Oxisol -ox

Page 30: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Spodosols

Page 31: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Spodosols

Page 32: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Soil OrdersSoil Order

Ending Characteristics, etc.

Vertisol -ert Swelling clays, high fertility

Mollisol -oll Dark, thick, grasslands

Ultisol -ult Moist & warm, acidic . . .

Alfisol -alf Moist, forested, clays

Spodosol -od cool, wet, sandy, acidic . . .

Oxisol -ox Extreme weathering, tropical forest, Fe, Al oxides, old, stable PM

Page 33: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

Oxisols

Page 34: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

The SUPER SIMPLIFIED guide to soil ordersThis is to complement those keys in ‘Study Guide–I’

1. If no subsurface horizons 2. If aridic moisture regime and NOT and

Entisol

3. If mollic epipedon

4. If histic epipedon 5. If permafrost

Entisol

Aridisol

MollisolHistosol

Gelisol

Understand all the terms used in the key? Review in text

Page 35: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

The SUPER SIMPLIFIED guide (cont.)

6. If on volcanic material 7. If TONS of clay, with shrink-swell

features (“slickensides,” large cracks when dry)

8. If spodic horizon (Bh, Bs) 9. If oxic horizon (Bo)

Andisol

Vertisols

Spodosols

Oxisols

Page 36: Soil Orders Study Guide – Part II These slides are to help organize in your mind: Key features for each Soil Order See also – Soil Orders Study Guide –

The SUPER SIMPLIFIED guide (cont.)

10. If umbric epipedon (low BS), argillic horizon, subtropical location

11. If ochric epipedon (sometimes umbric), argillic horizon, often an albic horizon, and a cool, moist climate

12. If ochric epipedon and NOT an Entisol or Aridisol, often a cambic horizon

Ultisol

Alfisol

Inceptisol


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