soil biology oe
TRANSCRIPT
HANDOUT 1
GEOGRAFI TANAH
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFIFAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKANUNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
Apa saja yang tinggal di dalam tanah?
Apa saja yang tinggal di dalam tanah?
CO2
O2
Detritus (Plant Debris)
FungiEarthworms
Bacteria
Soil Humus
energy
Size of Soil Organisms
Meso or mid-size(2–0.2 mm)
Micro or small(<0.2mm)
EarthwormEarthworm
MiteMite
BacteriaBacteria
YeastYeast
SpringtailSpringtail
Macro or large(>2 mm)
Species and function• Animals
– Vertebrates: gophers, mice, vole, snakes
– Arthropods: spiders, ants, beetles
– Annelids: earthworms
– Mollusks: snails
– NematodesParasitic nematodes in insect larvae
Parasitic nematodes in insect larvae
Mouth parts of bacteria-feeding nematode
Mouth parts of bacteria-feeding nematode
Water bearWater bear
Predatory nematode
Termite
Snail
EarthwormEarthworm
Vole
Soil AnimalsSoil Animals
Centipede
Pseudoscorpion
Soil mesofaunaSoil mesofauna
Nematodes
MitesMites
Soil microorganisms Soil microorganisms
Fungi
BacteriaBacteria
Fungi
The rhizosphere
PlantRoot
• The zone of soil that is significantly influenced by living roots
• Usually extends about 2mm out from the root surface
• The rhizosphere is enriched in organic material due to root exudates and sloughed off root cells.
• Microbial activity in the rhizosphere may be 2 – 10 greater than in the bulk soil.
Species and function
FungiFungi
AM fungusAM fungus
Slime moldSlime mold
MushroomMushroom
ProtistsProtists
FlagellateFlagellateCiliateCiliate
AmoebaAmoeba
RedyeastRed
yeast
Soil factors that affect microorganism growth
• Organic matter
• Aeration (oxygen)
• Moisture and temperature
• Soil fertility and pH
Cacing Tanah (Earthworm)
WaterWater
Soil particlesSoil particles Plant rootsPlant roots
Soil is a habitatSoil is a habitat