Software Rashedul Hasan Software Instructions and associated data, stored in electronic format, that direct the computer to accomplish a task. Instructions and associated data, stored in electronic format, that direct the computer to accomplish a task. Basically Two Types. System software or Operating Systems: helps the computer carry out its basic operating tasks. System software or Operating Systems: helps the computer carry out its basic operating tasks. Application Software: Designed to perform particular function. Application Software: Designed to perform particular function. Basic Components of System Software Operating System: An operating system is the main components of system software in any computing system. Operating System: An operating system is the main components of system software in any computing system. Device Driver: It helps the computer control peripheral devices. Device Driver: It helps the computer control peripheral devices. Utility Program: It is generally used to support, enhance or expand existing programs in a computer program. Utility Program: It is generally used to support, enhance or expand existing programs in a computer program. Operating System Operating system software tells the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing and executing an application and how to transfer data. Operating system software tells the computer how to perform the functions of loading, storing and executing an application and how to transfer data. Today, many computers use an operating system that has a graphical user interface (GUI) that provides visual clues such as icon symbols to help the user. Microsoft Windows 98 is a widely used graphical operating system. DOS (Disk Operating System) is an older but still widely used operating system that is text-based. Today, many computers use an operating system that has a graphical user interface (GUI) that provides visual clues such as icon symbols to help the user. Microsoft Windows 98 is a widely used graphical operating system. DOS (Disk Operating System) is an older but still widely used operating system that is text-based. Operating System An Operating System (OS) is the master controller within a computer. It controls the resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices etc.) of computer system. An Operating System (OS) is the master controller within a computer. It controls the resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices etc.) of computer system. It provides its user with an interface. [GUI-Graphical user interface]. It provides its user with an interface. [GUI-Graphical user interface]. EX: Windows, MacOS, DOS, UNIX, Linux Software Objective of OS OS Hardware OS Other software Users Objective of OS Make computer system easer to use: Make computer system easer to use: It act as a intermediary between the hardware and its user. It hides the details of the hardware resources from its user and give them a convenient interface for using computer system. Objective of OS Manage the resources of computer system: Manage the resources of computer system: An OS manage all the resources of a computer system. For Ex. Keeping track of who is using computer, granting resource request etc. Function of the OS Booting Booting User Interface User Interface CPU Management CPU Management File Management File Management Task Management Task Management Formatting Formatting Security Management Security Management Booting The work of the OS begins as soon as the computer turn on. Booting is the process of loading an OS into a computers main memory. User Interface The first thing you see after your computer finishes booting is the user interface. The user interface is the user controllable display screen that allows you to communicate or interact with your computer. Most popular user interface is the GUI. GUI allows you to use a Mouse and Keyboard to select icon [little symbol] and command from the menus [list of activities] CPU Management File Management Files containing programs and data are located in many places on the computers hard drive. The OS records the storage location of all files. If we move, rename or delete a file, the OS manage such changes and helps us locate and gain access to it. Task Management Formatting Security Management Buses, Ports, and Peripherals provide attachment and communication with external devices by means of: provide attachment and communication with external devices by means of: slots (for internal attachment) ports (for external attachments) Functions of OS An operating system interacts with: An operating system interacts with: All hardware installed in or connected to a computer system. All hardware installed in or connected to a computer system. All software installed or running from a storage device on a computer system All software installed or running from a storage device on a computer system File management is another important task of OS. File management is another important task of OS. It protects the information of computer system It protects the information of computer system It involves in interpreting users commend and directing system resources to process the command. It involves in interpreting users commend and directing system resources to process the command. Popular System Software Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows Most popular operating system. Most popular operating system. Supports a vast array of application software and peripheral devices. Supports a vast array of application software and peripheral devices. MacOS MacOS For Macintosh computers. For Macintosh computers. Proprietary system. Proprietary system. Does not have same functionality and support for software and peripheral devices. Does not have same functionality and support for software and peripheral devices. System Software Network operating system (NOS) Network operating system (NOS) Manages network resources. Manages network resources. Maintains security. Maintains security. Tracks user accounts. Tracks user accounts. Handles communication between workstations and servers. Handles communication between workstations and servers. Popular network operating systems Popular network operating systems Windows NT, Novell Netware, UNIX System Software Utilities Utilities augment functionality of operating systems. Utilities includes device drivers and Troubleshooting capabilities. Utilities augment functionality of operating systems. Utilities includes device drivers and Troubleshooting capabilities. Utilities provide file management capabilities such as copying, moving or renaming a file. Utilities provide file management capabilities such as copying, moving or renaming a file. Norton Utilities includes an undelete function that can recover deleted files. Norton Utilities includes an undelete function that can recover deleted files. Symantec and McAfee Virus checkers add protection for all system and data files. Symantec and McAfee Virus checkers add protection for all system and data files. Application Software It is a set of one or more programs designed to solve a specific problem or do a specific task. For Ex. Payroll processing software, examination results processing software, computer games software. It is a set of one or more programs designed to solve a specific problem or do a specific task. For Ex. Payroll processing software, examination results processing software, computer games software. It is also known as package software. For ex. MS Office suit It is also known as package software. For ex. MS Office suit 2007. Some commonly known application software Word processing software: enable us write, edit, view, store & printing documents. Word processing software: enable us write, edit, view, store & printing documents. Spreadsheet software: uses for keeping a record of financial transaction and for preparing financial statement. Spreadsheet software: uses for keeping a record of financial transaction and for preparing financial statement. Database software: A database is a collection of related data stored & treated as a unit. Database software enables us to create database, maintain it, organize its data, sort Database software: A database is a collection of related data stored & treated as a unit. Database software enables us to create database, maintain it, organize its data, sort Some commonly known application software its records & selectively retrieve useful information from it. For Ex: queries such as get the telephone number of the person named Mr. Rezaul Karim from the address database. Or get the names of all currently admitted students whose birthday fall today from the student database. in case of Bangladesh Voter database is the largest database. Some commonly known application software Graphic Software: enable us drawings, printing of design, graphs, picture etc. Graphic Software: enable us drawings, printing of design, graphs, picture etc. Entertainment software: allows us to use computer as a entertainment tool. Such as Windows media player. Entertainment software: allows us to use computer as a entertainment tool. Such as Windows media player. Word Processing Word Processing software is used to create and print documents. A key advantage of word processing software is that users easily can make changes in documents. Word Processing software is used to create and print documents. A key advantage of word processing software is that users easily can make changes in documents. Electronic Spreadsheets Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add, subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results. Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add, subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results. Database Software Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient manner, with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities. Allows the user to enter, retrieve, and update data in an organized and efficient manner, with flexible inquiry and reporting capabilities. Presentation Graphics Presentation graphic software allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making the presentations. Using special projection devices, the slides display as they appear on the computer screen. Presentation graphic software allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making the presentations. Using special projection devices, the slides display as they appear on the computer screen. Obtaining software Buying pre-written/package software: People can buy pre-written package software which are available in the market Buying pre-written/package software: People can buy pre-written package software which are available in the marketAdvantage:cheap. user can start planned activities almost immediately. it can meet the requirements of as many potential users as possible. Obtaining software Ordering/Developing Customized software: Ordering/Developing Customized software: if none of the available pre-written software packages meet the specific requirements of a user, then he/She can go for customized software option. Advantage: it is easier to carry out changes in the software. [Open Source Software, OSS] Obtaining software Downloading Shareware/Freeware: software can now be downloaded from internet. Downloading Shareware/Freeware: software can now be downloaded from internet.Advantages: usually free and accompanied with their source code. can be downloaded & used immediately. Software Development Steps Analyzing the problem at hand & planning the programs to solve the problem. Analyzing the problem at hand & planning the programs to solve the problem. Coding the programs. Coding the programs. Testing, Debugging and Documenting the programs. Testing, Debugging and Documenting the programs. Implementing the programs. Implementing the programs. Evaluating & Maintaining the programs. Evaluating & Maintaining the programs. Another way of classifying Application Software Productivity Software Productivity Software Spreadsheets Spreadsheets Databases Databases Presentation Software Presentation Software Document Preparation Document Preparation Word Processing Word Processing Desktop Publishing Desktop Publishing Project Management Software Project Management Software Application Software Graphics Creation and Manipulation Graphics Creation and Manipulation Animation and 3D Graphics Animation and 3D Graphics Video Editing Video Editing Internet Connectivity Internet Connectivity Website Creation and Management Website Creation and Management Groupware Groupware Financial Management Financial Management Educational Games and Tutorials Educational Games and Tutorials Programming Languages Basic building blocks of any software. Basic building blocks of any software. Programming languages allow a programmer to write instructions that a computer can understand. Programming languages allow a programmer to write instructions that a computer can understand. Programming languages have some resemblance to the English language. Programming languages have some resemblance to the English language. BASIC BASIC Pascal Pascal Fortran Fortran C++ Java