software defined storage: what makes ceph unique - red...
TRANSCRIPT
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Software Defined Storage:What Makes Ceph UniqueFederico LucifrediProduct Management Director, Ceph StorageBoston/Guadalajara, December 14th, 2015
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CLOUD SERVICES
COMPUTE NETWORK STORAGE
the future of storage™
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HUMANHUMAN COMPUTERCOMPUTER TAPETAPE
HUMANHUMAN ROCKROCK
HUMANHUMAN
INKINK
PAPERPAPER
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HUMANHUMAN COMPUTERCOMPUTER TAPETAPE
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YOUYOU TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY YOUR DATAYOUR DATA
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How Much Store Things All Human History?!writing
paper
computers
distributed storage
cloud computing
gaaaaaaaaahhhh!!!!!!
carving
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HUMANHUMAN COMPUTERCOMPUTER DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
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DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
COMPUTERCOMPUTER
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DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
DISKDISK
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANHUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
GIANT SPENDY
COMPUTER
GIANT SPENDY
COMPUTER
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DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMANDISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
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HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
HUMANHUMAN
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
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DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
“STORAGE APPLIANCE”
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Storage ApplianceMichael Moll, Wikipedia / CC BY-SA 2.0 13
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SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCESUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
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PROPRIETARY HARDWARE
PROPRIETARY HARDWARE
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
34% of revenue(5.2 billion dollars)
1.1 billion in R&DSpent in a year
1.6 million square feetof manufacturing space
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1010100110
1010110011
1001100101
1001101011
1001100111
1001010011
THE CLOUD
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SUPPORT AND MAINTENANCESUPPORT AND MAINTENANCE
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
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PROPRIETARY HARDWARE
PROPRIETARY HARDWARE
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
STANDARD HARDWARESTANDARD HARDWARE
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
DISKDISKCOMPUTERCOMPUTER
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
ENTERPRISE SUBSCRIPTION
ENTERPRISE SUBSCRIPTION
(optional)
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OPEN SOURCEOPEN SOURCE
COMMUNITY-FOCUSEDCOMMUNITY-FOCUSED
SCALABLESCALABLE
NO SINGLE POINT OF FAILURENO SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE
SOFTWARE BASEDSOFTWARE BASED
SELF-MANAGINGSELF-MANAGING
philosophy design
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8 years & 20,000 commits later…
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RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
APPAPP APPAPP HOST/VMHOST/VM CLIENTCLIENT
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RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
APPAPP APPAPP HOST/VMHOST/VM CLIENTCLIENT
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DISKDISK
FSFS
DISKDISK DISKDISK
OSDOSD
DISKDISK DISKDISK
OSDOSD OSDOSD OSDOSD OSDOSD
FSFS FSFS FSFSFSFS btrfsxfsext4
MMMMMM
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MM
MM
MM
HUMANHUMAN
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Monitors:• Maintain cluster membership
and state• Provide consensus for
distributed decision-making• Small, odd number• These do not serve stored
objects to clients
MM
OSDs:• 10s to 10000s in a cluster• One per disk• (or one per SSD, RAID group…)
• Serve stored objects to clients• Intelligently peer to perform
replication and recovery tasks
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RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
APPAPP APPAPP HOST/VMHOST/VM CLIENTCLIENT
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LIBRADOSLIBRADOS
MM
MM
MM
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APPAPP
socket
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LLLIBRADOS• Provides direct access to
RADOS for applications• C, C++, Python, PHP, Java,
Erlang• Direct access to storage nodes• No HTTP overhead
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RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
APPAPP APPAPP HOST/VMHOST/VM CLIENTCLIENT
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MM
MM
MM
LIBRADOSLIBRADOS
RADOSGWRADOSGW
APPAPP
socket
REST
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RADOS Gateway:• REST-based object storage
proxy• Uses RADOS to store objects• API supports buckets,
accounts• Usage accounting for billing• Compatible with S3 and
Swift applications
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RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
APPAPP APPAPP HOST/VMHOST/VM CLIENTCLIENT
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
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MM
MM
MM
VMVM
LIBRADOSLIBRADOSLIBRBDLIBRBD
VIRTUALIZATION CONTAINERVIRTUALIZATION CONTAINER
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LIBRADOSLIBRADOS
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MM
MM
MM
LIBRBDLIBRBD
CONTAINERCONTAINER
LIBRADOSLIBRADOSLIBRBDLIBRBD
CONTAINERCONTAINERVMVM
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LIBRADOSLIBRADOS
35
MM
MM
MM
KRBD (KERNEL MODULE)KRBD (KERNEL MODULE)
HOSTHOST
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RADOS Block Device:• Storage of disk images in
RADOS• Decouples VMs from host• Images are striped across the
cluster (pool)• Snapshots• Copy-on-write clones• Support in:• Mainline Linux Kernel (2.6.39+)• Qemu/KVM• OpenStack, CloudStack
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RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
RADOS
A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self-managing, intelligent storage nodes
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
LIBRADOS
A library allowingapps to directlyaccess RADOS,with support forC, C++, Java,Python, Ruby,and PHP
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
RBD
A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
CEPH FS
A POSIX-compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
RADOSGW
A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift
APPAPP APPAPP HOST/VMHOST/VM CLIENTCLIENT
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MM
MM
MM
CLIENTCLIENT
01100110
datametadata
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Metadata Server• Manages metadata for a POSIX-
compliant shared filesystem• Directory hierarchy• File metadata (owner,
timestamps, mode, etc.)
• Stores metadata in RADOS• Does not serve file data to
clients• Only required for shared
filesystem
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What Makes Ceph Unique?Part one: CRUSH
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APPAPP??
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
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How Long Did It Take You To Find Your Keys This Morning?azmeen, Flickr / CC BY 2.0 42
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APPAPP
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
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Dear Diary: Today I Put My Keys on the Kitchen CounterBarnaby, Flickr / CC BY 2.0 44
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APPAPP
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
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DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
DDCC
A-G
H-N
O-T
U-Z
F*F*
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I Always Put My Keys on the Hook By the Doorvitamindave, Flickr / CC BY 2.0 46
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HOW DO YOUFIND YOUR KEYS
WHEN YOUR HOUSEIS
INFINITELY BIGAND
ALWAYS CHANGING?
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The Answer: CRUSH!!!!!pasukaru76, Flickr / CC SA 2.0 48
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10 10 01 01 10 10 01 11 01 1010 10 01 01 10 10 01 11 01 10
1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 1111 0101 1010
hash(object name) % num pg
CRUSH(pg, cluster state, rule set)
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10 10 01 01 10 10 01 11 01 1010 10 01 01 10 10 01 11 01 10
1010 1010 0101 0101 1010 1010 0101 1111 0101 1010
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CRUSH• Pseudo-random placement
algorithm• Fast calculation, no lookup• Repeatable, deterministic
• Statistically uniform distribution• Stable mapping• Limited data migration on change
• Rule-based configuration• Infrastructure topology aware• Adjustable replication• Weighting
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CLIENTCLIENT
??
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NAME: "foo"POOL: "bar"
0101 11111001 00111010 11010011 1011 "bar" = 3
hash("foo") % 256 = 0x23
OBJECT PLACEMENT GROUP
243
12
CRUSH TARGET OSDsPLACEMENT GROUP
3.23
3.23
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CLIENTCLIENT
??
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What Makes Ceph UniquePart two: thin provisioning
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LIBRADOSLIBRADOS
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MM
MM
MM
VMVM
LIBRBDLIBRBD
VIRTUALIZATION CONTAINERVIRTUALIZATION CONTAINER
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HOW DO YOUSPIN UP
THOUSANDS OF VMsINSTANTLY
ANDEFFICIENTLY?
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144144
60
00 00 00 00
instant copy
= 144
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44144144
61
CLIENTCLIENT
write
write
write
= 148
write
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44144144
62
CLIENTCLIENTread
read
read
= 148
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What Makes Ceph Unique?Part three: clustered metadata
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POSIX Filesystem MetadataBarnaby, Flickr / CC BY 2.0 64
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MM
MM
MM
CLIENTCLIENT
01100110
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MM
MM
MM
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one tree
three metadata servers
??
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DYNAMIC SUBTREE PARTITIONING
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Getting Started With Ceph
Read about the latest version of Ceph.• The latest stuff is always at http://ceph.com/get
Deploy a test cluster using ceph-deploy.• Read the quick-start guide at http://ceph.com/qsg
Deploy a test cluster on the AWS free-tier using Juju.• Read the guide at http://ceph.com/juju
Read the rest of the docs!• Find docs for the latest release at http://ceph.com/docs
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Have a working cluster up quickly.
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Getting Involved With Ceph
Most project discussion happens on the mailing list.• Join or view archives at http://ceph.com/list
IRC is a great place to get help (or help others!)• Find details and historical logs at http://ceph.com/irc
The tracker manages our bugs and feature requests.• Register and start looking around at http://ceph.com/tracker
Doc updates and suggestions are always welcome.• Learn how to contribute docs at http://ceph.com/docwriting
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Help build the best storage system around!
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Ceph Hammer (v0.94.x)
1. Rados Performance enhancements: All Flash environments2. Simplified RGW deployment3. RGW Object Versioning and Bucket Sharding4. RBD Mandatory Locking, Object Maps, Copy on Read5. CephFS Snapshot improvements
and many more. See https://ceph.com/releases/v0-94-hammer-released/
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Best Ceph ever.