soft anatomy alimentary canal gas bladder. digestive tracts
Post on 15-Jan-2016
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Soft Anatomy
• Alimentary canal
• Gas bladder
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Digestive tracts
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Spiral valve intestine
• Chondricthyes• Primitive Bony
Fishes– Coelacanthiformes– Dipnoi– Polypteriformes– Acipenseriformes
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Diet and intestinal length
herbivorous
piscivorous
planktivorous
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Gas Bladder• General form: gas filled sac derived
from the anterior portion of the alimentary tract
• Occurrence of the gas bladder in fishes
• Number of gas bladders-monopneumonan -dipneumonan
• Kind of gas bladder connections-physostomous-physoclistous
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monopneumonan
dipneumonan
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physoclistous
digestive tract
gas bladder
pneumatic duct
physostomous
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Primitive function: air breathing
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Gas Bladder Functions
1. buoyancy control2. respiration3. sound production4. sound reception
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Structures associated with gas resorption and gas
secretion• Gas gland
– gas secretion
• Oval– gas resorption
• Rete mirabile– Countercurrent gas exchange in blood
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physostomous
physoclistous
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Addition of gas to the bladder
• Some physostomes are able to gulp air into the gas bladder
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Addition of gas to the bladder
• Some physostomes are able to gulp air into the gas bladder
• Gas addition in both physostomes and physoclists via gas gland and rete mirabile– Processes involved are:
• blood acidification (Bohr and Root effects) • “salting-out” effect• countercurrent exchange (at rete
mirabile)
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Bhor and Root effects
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Hemoglobin
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Bhor and Root effects
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“Salting out” effect
• Reduced gas solubility with increasing concentration of lactate and H+
[lactate] + [H+] Gas solubility
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Countercurrent effect
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Countercurrent exchange in the rete mirabile
Gas g
lan
d
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Metabolic processes for pumping gas into the gas bladder
Rete mirabile
Gas gland
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Some pressure numbers
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• Physostomes can use Pneumatic
duct• Physoclists use highly vascularized
Oval area – Oval isolated from main bladder
Resorption of gas from bladder
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benthic fishes without a gas bladder
Gobiidae
Percidae
Bothidae
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Charcharhinidae Blue sharkPrionace glauca
Pelagic sharks with high oil content
Large livers containing low density lipids & squalene (hydrocarbon d=0.86)
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Reduced density of musculature and skeletal tissues.
AstronesthidaeAstronesthes gemmnifer
Many deepsea midwater fishes
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MyctophidaeLanterfishGonichthys sp.
Diel Vertical Migrators (DVM)
Degenerate bladder or lipid-filled bladder