INEQUALITY1.2. Rethinking INTERSECTIONALITYIntersectionality is the notion that subjectivity is constituted by mutually reinforcing vectors of race, gender, class, and sexuality; multidimentionality of marginalized subjects lived experiencesPurposes of INTERSECTIONALITY subverts race!gender binaries in the service of theorizing identity in a more complex fashion aspires to provide a vocabulary to respond to criti"ues of identity politics; see#s to demonstrate racial variation $ithin gender and vice versa invites scholar to come to terms $ith the legacy of exclusion of marginalized subjects from feminist and antiracist $or#, and the impact of those absences on both theory and practice% intersectionality focus on the experiences of subjects $hose voices have been ignoredRethinking Intersection!it"# $ points the lac# of a clearly defined intersectional methodology the use of blac# $omen as prototypical intersectional subjects ambiguity inherent to the definition of intersectionality coherence bet$een intersectionality and lived experiences of multiple identitiesThree %istinct intersection! &etho%o!ogies&1. anticategotegorical complexity& assumes categories are too simplistic to capture complexity of lived experience'. intracategorical complexity& (eople are multiple marginalized subjects; although categories are used to sort, they may exclude individuals; uses multiple marginalized subjects experiences as a $ay to demonstrate inade"uacy of categories). intercategorical complexity& there are relationships of ine"uality among already constituted social groups *+c,all, '--./; expose relationships bet$een ine"uality and categories themselves; use categories strategically to dsiplay lin#ages bet$een categories and ine"ualityPrctices of intersection! &etho%o!og"# highlight a tremendous gap bet$een conceptions of intersectional methodology and practices of intersectional investigations, sho$s that intersectional projects often replicate precisely the approaches they criti"ueCrensh' n% (!ck )o&en her argument shores up the conception that blac# $omens identities are constituted exclusively by race and gender excludes other factors other than race or gender li#e sexuality, nationality, class ,rensha$ offers little attention to the $ays in $hich race and gender function as social processes in distinctive $ays for particular blac# $omen in varying historical oments 0lac# $omens race and gender are treated as transhistorical constants that mar# all blac# $omen in similar $aysTheroetic! i&portnce of *!ck 'o&en used as a $edge to demonstrate the shortcomings of feminist and antiracist $or# blac# $omen are treated as a unitary and monolithic entity& differences bet$een blac# $omen *li#e class and sexuality/ are mediated by both race and gender and excludes other factors intersectionality recycles blac# feminism $ithout demonstrating $hat ne$ tools it brings to blac# feminist to help it fashion a more complex theory of identity)ho is intersection!+ 1ll identities are intersectional2 3nly multiply marginalized subjects are intersectionalIntersectionality4 theory of &rgin!i,e% su*-ecti.it" blac# $omen5s experiences recovery of the claims and identities of those $ho are pushed to the margins of racial discourse because of patriarchal normativity and simultaneously pushed to the margins of the feminist discourse because of assumptions of racial normativity *6$an, 1778/4 theory of i%entit" multiple grounds of identity multiple oppressions experienced by non$hite and poor $omen in particular butmore generally to all $omen because differences in sexuality, age, and physical ableness are also sites of oppression *9ac#, '--./the 5so $hat5 "uestions4 $ay in $hich privilege and oppression can be co/constitute% on the subjective level +atsuda5s 5as# the other "uestion5 : demonstrates interconnections of forms of subordination but ignore the intimate connections bet$een privilege and oppressions4 consider race and gender as social processes that inform each other, but $hich $hich operate in %istinct and particular $ays ;ac"uant5s 5logic of the trial5 : locates the racist and sexist practices that undergird seemingly neutral and objective sites but ignores the mechanisms through $hich domination operates, prolifirates, and entrenches itselfIntersectionality % 0o%ernit"1. ;inantargues that the ne$ $orld $ill only be able to constitute itself if it consists of racisms and give racial identities to all beings'. ?tolerbourgeois sexuality has emerged on an imperial landscape $here the cultural accoutrements of their distinction $ere partially shaped). ?egal regulation of bourgeois masculinity $as constituted in the of the female, the homosexual and the blac# male*1s +ercer and @ulian said, $estern concept of sexuality already contains racism/A. Beinbergin his $or# =ransgender ;arriors he told that 1eteronor&ti.it"1. ?ommervilleattempted to sho$ that heterosexual and homosexual classification of bodies and D? aggresively classifying the boundaries and bodies emerged at the same time'. ,ollinssaid that ). Bergusonblames +yrdal for forgetting about the liberalism and said that exclusions serves as conse"uences to 1frican1mericans for their o$n nonheteronormativity,onclusion& Intersectionality as an analytic tool hopes to bring thesecontradictions to the forefront in an effort to disable the heteronormative.Reserch Pr%ig& n% the (!ck 2&i!"1. (athological!,ultural Eysfunction +odelresearch that follo$s this model has made the blac# familys nonnormative structure more concrete $hich leads to a multitude of data pathologizing the blac# family'. Felativist modelgoal is to be strong