social studies m1 social groups

Social Studies Module 1 Unit 2 Lesson 4

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

What are social groups?


What are the different types of social groups?


How do social groups cohere?How do social groups cohere?

Why do we need social groups?


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

How do they stay

together (cohere)

?

How do they stay

together (cohere)

? Why do we need social groups?


What types of social groups do we belong to?

What types of social groups do we belong to?

What are s

ocial

groups? What are s

ocial

groups?









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION When you complete this slide set you will be able to:•Define the concept social “social groups”;•Differentiate between types of groups in terms of size, structure and membership; •Explain the nature of cohesion in different types of social groups; •Appreciate the importance of social groups to individual and the society.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONJamaicans for Justice The Jonas BrothersPeoples’ National PartyJamaica’s cricket team UWI

My friends at churchA Social Studies class The Holness family CARICOMYouth Choir









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A. List the characteristics you thought about here:

1.

2.

3.

4.

A. List the characteristics you thought about here:

1.

2.

3.

4.

B. Use the characteristics listed to make a definition of the social groups here.

B. Use the characteristics listed to make a definition of the social groups here.

Check answer hereCheck answer here Check answer hereCheck answer here









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONRemember the characteristics of a social group? Let us see. Click the word(s) that do/does not represent a social group. Portmore UnitedPortmore United

Sponge Bob and Patrick

Sponge Bob and Patrick

Adults at the bus stop

Adults at the bus stop

Ministry of Education Ministry of Education

Indo Caribbean Women

Indo Caribbean Women

Residents of Kingston

Residents of Kingston

A.Incorrect - Portmore United is a football team which has all three characteristics (Two or more persons who interact and have shared interests).

B.Incorrect -These two are known friends who form a peer group. Yes; they are still a social group although there are only two of them.

C.Correct – While the adults have being at the bus stop in common, they may not interact in any specified way and they may have no shared interests.

D.Incorrect – The ministry is a large group of persons with a common goal and who interact in specified ways.

E.Correct – Indo Caribbean women form a category of persons and not a social group.

F.Correct – the residents of Kingston form a category of persons who may not share common interests or even interact.

CHECK ANSWER

What are some other characteristics of social groups?









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION A. Incorrect - Portmore United is a football team which has all three characteristics (Two or more persons who interact and have shared interests).

B. Incorrect -These two are known friends who form a peer group. Yes; they are still a social group although there are only two of them.

C. Correct – While the adults have being at the bus stop in common, they may not interact in any specified way and they may have no shared interests.

D. Incorrect – The ministry is a large group of persons with a common goal and who interact in specified ways.

E. Correct – Indo Caribbean women form a category of persons and not a social group.

F. Correct – the residents of Kingston form a category of persons who may not share common interests or even interact.

• Back to previous slide









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Groups can be differentiated according to Size, Structure or Membership.

Nathaniel Carty









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Primary Groups and Secondary Groups Based on the map on your left, identify two examples of each type of group.

Primary groups

Secondary groups









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Use pictures to give one example of each type of group based on structure. Type your response in the box below.

Formal

Informal









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Name one of your in-groups and its one of its out-group. In-group Out-group

Give an example of:a.A secondary voluntary group

b.An involuntary group

Click here to check answers to Activities 1, 2 & 3.

Click here to check answers to Activities 1, 2 & 3.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Types Based on Size

The peer group (friends of similar ages status and/or other characteristics) and the family are primary groups. These are typically small with intimate relationships between the members. Other groups are considered secondary such as schools and sports clubs.

Most primary groups begin in a secondary group.

Types Based on Size

The peer group (friends of similar ages status and/or other characteristics) and the family are primary groups. These are typically small with intimate relationships between the members. Other groups are considered secondary such as schools and sports clubs.

Most primary groups begin in a secondary group. Types Based on Structure

Primary groups tend to be informal in their structure, so your picture should reflect friends or family- an intimate group.

Formal groups are typically secondary groups. So pictures of schools, sports teams or political parties for example would be acceptable

Types Based on Structure

Primary groups tend to be informal in their structure, so your picture should reflect friends or family- an intimate group.

Formal groups are typically secondary groups. So pictures of schools, sports teams or political parties for example would be acceptable

Types Based on MembershipYour in group is any group to which you belong; while your out-group would be similar groups to which you do not belong.An example of an involuntary group is one in which one has no choice about joining; example, Young boys are automatically enlisted in the Ethiopian army.Other groups such as the Key Club are voluntary groups since you choose to join them.

Types Based on MembershipYour in group is any group to which you belong; while your out-group would be similar groups to which you do not belong.An example of an involuntary group is one in which one has no choice about joining; example, Young boys are automatically enlisted in the Ethiopian army.Other groups such as the Key Club are voluntary groups since you choose to join them.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONGroup cohesion is present when the

members stay/stick and function together.

Group cohesion is present when the

members stay/stick and function together.

Write how you think the concepts listed work together to achieve group cohesion.

Check answer here.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION • All the factors work together for group cohesion. • Effective leadership is critical to group cohesion; When

a leader effectively uses legitimate authority, he:Motivates members;Engenders loyalty and commitment;Facilitates goal achievement (via delegation of tasks,

• distribution of resources);Consistently reinforces rules and sanctions (control);

evidence • of fairness encourages loyalty and commitment. With his leadership style he affects how willingly group • members cooperate;

• Cooperation allows for goal attainment; goal attainment promotes commitment and loyalty as persons want to identify with successful groups.









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A. Rewards or punishment for behaviour; aids in social control

B. Leader exercises very little influence over group members, uninvolved

D. Guidelines for behaviour in specific situations (folkways, mores, laws)

E. The exercise of legitimate influence; rational, traditional or charismatic

F. Reliable, unwavering engagement in group activities and goals

G. Faithful devotion to the group and its goals

H. Working together; performing delegated tasks to achieve group goals

I. Leader shares decision making and delegates some authority to others

J. Exercise of authority which involves influencing the activities of others

K. Mechanisms used foster conformity and order among group members.

C. Makes decisions independently; never delegates authority

Match the concepts on the left to their meanings on the right. Type Match the concepts on the left to their meanings on the right. Type letter of the correct meaning in the box next to the concept.letter of the correct meaning in the box next to the concept.

4. Authoritarian 4. Authoritarian

5. Control 5. Control

8. Cooperation 8. Cooperation

9. Authority 9. Authority

10. Commitment 10. Commitment

11. Loyalty 11. Loyalty

3. Laissez-fair 3. Laissez-fair

2. Democratic2. Democratic

1. Leadership 1. Leadership

6. Norms 6. Norms

7. Sanctions 7. Sanctions

A. Rewards or punishment for behaviour; aids in social control.

B. Leader exercises very little influence over group members; uninvolved

D. Guidelines for behaviour in specific situations (folkways, mores, laws).


F. Reliable, unwavering engagement in group activities and goals

G. Faithful devotion to the group and its goals




K. Mechanisms used foster conformity and order among group members

C. Makes decisions independently; never delegates authority

Click here to check answers or click the next button.

Click here to check answers or click the next button.









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Match the concepts on the left to their meanings on the right.

4. Authoritarian 4. Authoritarian

5. Control 5. Control

8. Cooperation 8. Cooperation

9. Authority 9. Authority

10.Commitment

10.Commitment 11. Loyalty 11. Loyalty

3. Laissez-fair 3. Laissez-fair

2. Democratic2. Democratic

1. Leadership 1. Leadership

6. Norms 6. Norms

7. Sanctions 7. Sanctions A. Rewards or punishment for behaviour; aids in social control A. Rewards or punishment for behaviour; aids in social control






E. The exercise of legitimate influence; rational, traditional or charismatic F. Reliable, unwavering engagement in group activities and goals F. Reliable, unwavering engagement in group activities and goals

G. Faithful devotion to the group and its goalsG. Faithful devotion to the group and its goals









C. Makes decisions independently; never delegates authority C. Makes decisions independently; never delegates authority









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONThe collage depicts several benefits of social groups to their members and the society. In the box below, list at least five of these and associate with the pictures.Review your answers here.

See reference page for website information

11 22 33

44 55 66

77 88 99









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Some of the benefits of social groups include:1.They are agents of socialization (help us learn how to behave in society;2.They help us to learn our gender roles (peer groups for example);3.They introduce and reinforce rules or norms to create order in society;4.They foster a sense of worth through personal and collective accomplishment;5.They help the individual to do what he cannot do on his own; 6.They provide opportunities for members to identify and develop their skills and abilities;7.They provide a sense of belonging and identity; 8.They provide friendship and companionship;9.Life takes place in social groups – “no man is an island”









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION • Are you ready to test yourself? • There are FOUR multiple choice and TWO short

answer items that you are required to do. • For each multiple choice item, click on the letter of

the correct response, click FEEDBACK for additional information on the question and then click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.

• For the short answer questions, type your answers in the box provided.

• In Slide Show View, click the BEGIN QUIZ button to start the quiz.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION The picture best depicts what categorization of social groups?

A. Primary versus secondary groups A. Primary versus secondary groups

B. Voluntary versus involuntary membership

B. Voluntary versus involuntary membership

C. Formal group versus informal group C. Formal group versus informal group

D. In group versus out groupD. In group versus out group

FEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACKFEEDBACK









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION The picture best depicts what categorization of social groups?

NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

In-group versus out group The picture depicts two opposed political parties (Note that both are the same type of social groups). However, membership in one means that you do not belong to the other and the other is seen as a potential competitor.

In-group versus out group The picture depicts two opposed political parties (Note that both are the same type of social groups). However, membership in one means that you do not belong to the other and the other is seen as a potential competitor.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION What kind of leadership style is best suited for school club or society?

A. Authoritarian A. Authoritarian

D. Laissez-faire D. Laissez-faire

C. Traditional C. Traditional

B. Democratic B. Democratic










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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION What kind of leadership style is best suited for school club or society?

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Democratic – This is so for most formal social groups. Advantages of this leadership style include: •Sense of worth to group members; their contributions, skills, talents and ideas are included in group processes; •Commitment – When members feel included and enjoy self worth, the are more committed to the group and its goals;•Efficiency - This is seen in the use of resources when responsibility and authority are delegated by the leader. Laissez-faire and authoritarian styles lead to lack of motivation and inefficient use of resources. Goal attainment is less likely with these styles.

Democratic – This is so for most formal social groups. Advantages of this leadership style include: •Sense of worth to group members; their contributions, skills, talents and ideas are included in group processes; •Commitment – When members feel included and enjoy self worth, the are more committed to the group and its goals;•Efficiency - This is seen in the use of resources when responsibility and authority are delegated by the leader. Laissez-faire and authoritarian styles lead to lack of motivation and inefficient use of resources. Goal attainment is less likely with these styles.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Behaviour patterns which deal with respect for others are known as?

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A. Norms A. Norms

D. Traditions D. Traditions

B. Mores B. Mores

C. Folkways C. Folkways










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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Behaviour patterns which deal with respect for others are known as?

25 NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

“Norms” is the broad term used to refer to folkways, mores and laws. They are guidelines for behaviour. A more is much more serious than respect for others and speak to the ethical values of a society; for example, the value for life and the right to limit access to ones person. A tradition is a norm which is practiced usually because it has always been practiced. A folkway however, speaks to norms such as courtesy and etiquette, which though important, attract only informal sanctions in the society.

“Norms” is the broad term used to refer to folkways, mores and laws. They are guidelines for behaviour. A more is much more serious than respect for others and speak to the ethical values of a society; for example, the value for life and the right to limit access to ones person. A tradition is a norm which is practiced usually because it has always been practiced. A folkway however, speaks to norms such as courtesy and etiquette, which though important, attract only informal sanctions in the society.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION An informal group is usually:

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A. Large, permanent and organizedA. Large, permanent and organized

D. Functional practical and prestigious D. Functional practical and prestigious

C. Homogenous and distinct C. Homogenous and distinct

B. Small, casual and spontaneously formed

B. Small, casual and spontaneously formed










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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION An informal group is usually:

NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

Small, casual and spontaneous.

These are for example, peer groups. The interaction is less structured, the bonds are

intimate and the activities are not fixed.

Small, casual and spontaneous.

These are for example, peer groups. The interaction is less structured, the bonds are

intimate and the activities are not fixed.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Measures used by formal groups to maintain order among members are referred to as:

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B. Deterrents B. Deterrents

D. Punishment D. Punishment

C. Laws C. Laws

A. Sanctions A. Sanctions










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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Measures used by formal groups to maintain order among members are referred to as:

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A. Sanctions – These are both rewards and punishment used to encourage acceptable behaviour (rewards) and deter unacceptable behaviour (punishment). Deterrents and punishments are not good answers as they speak only to preventing unacceptable behaviours; this is only one aspect of social control and punishment.Punishment alone demotivates and fosters rebellion; rewards alone fosters complacence. Also when the breaking the rules is not punished, it causes uncertainty about the norms in other group members.Laws are rules written with predetermined sanctions recorded in a country’s constitution.

A. Sanctions – These are both rewards and punishment used to encourage acceptable behaviour (rewards) and deter unacceptable behaviour (punishment). Deterrents and punishments are not good answers as they speak only to preventing unacceptable behaviours; this is only one aspect of social control and punishment.Punishment alone demotivates and fosters rebellion; rewards alone fosters complacence. Also when the breaking the rules is not punished, it causes uncertainty about the norms in other group members.Laws are rules written with predetermined sanctions recorded in a country’s constitution.

END OF QUIZ END OF QUIZ END OF QUIZ END OF QUIZ









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION • You have reached the end of the quiz. • If you wish to review this lesson, go to the first slide.• If you have finished viewing the lesson, click the Exit

button.

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION 1. Why is a formal leadership structure least suited for a family?

2. What are some of the disadvantages of the authoritarian leadership style in an informal social group?

Type your responses and then share and compare your ideas with a partner or the whole class. Click here for additional feedback.









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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION This practice is not done in the Caribbean. The leader is usually traditionally defined as the adult male/husband/father. Other factors such as who acts as the bread winner and the presence or absence of a parent are also important. Appointing or electing leaders in the family can create instability and awkwardness among its members. Authoritarian leadership in an informal groupAuthoritarian leadership among friends or in the family amounts to bullying or abuse. It stifles the affective bonds shared between the members.









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• Ramsawak, R & Umraw R. (2001).Mo dule s in So c ia l Stud ie s : With SBA a nd CXC Que s tio ns . San Fernando: Caribbean Educational Publishers.

• Waterman, I & Fisher, J. (2007). CSEC So c ia l Stud ie s . Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

• Web addresses for slide 17• http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQlCz8SHiL-lKo-

6xehPai4rNHbR5iFZDAAiEA4XMvlQwGiTpO2• http://jamaica-

gleaner.com/gleaner/20100407/lead/images/GuysHillW20100317IA.jpg• http://www.jdfmil.org/sports/netball/images/_MG_2064.jpg• http://t1.gstatic.com/images?

q=tbn:ANd9GcTqw7_LrRocrGmY2uhniQ2dNrbHoRLn4FDV3AB_JVdmyjd4vbvOZw

• http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR-U1StXIn5qNTIzWHwF3Fx36Br912SijZqYJ2-gJ2xtOxBE19oBA

• http://jahkno.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/HELP-Jamaica.jpg

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