social movement | loksatta

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1/24/15, 11:27 AM Social movement | Loksatta Page 1 of 3 http://www.loksatta.com/diwali-magazine/social-movement-1049435/ s 80 c l. v . c s r k k l. ' k l', ' p ' a p t .. . m l a . b mj t 15 os 1947 s ; s l p l s st t l tr . 's ; t t c !' a m . i st . j l . s-c d . 'e vk- e ' l t c ast . , l r a s a pp a , a m . t t p . ' dd k m s!' a t . u, m pk l 'e' . 'e ' s l u k , a t . ms k d , k s sd l. 1960-70 c a s , s kt v s s a . r dc pc l a v l . t kt v, j c u l. t - ar -c p l. c a . , , g, , , kt c kt k ast . , t, t, , / p it , , k , a j c -s u l. t p .. .. v s d . c l - s 1980-85 c

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Page 1: Social movement | Loksatta

1/24/15, 11:27 AMSocial movement | Loksatta

Page 1 of 3http://www.loksatta.com/diwali-magazine/social-movement-1049435/

!"#$%&' ()*+,",- ./+0 "1s"80 5$'6c1 *1,1' 8191:/* +,",- 8$;' <0l1. v"?16"1@ ;AB0 .(1.'1C&')C-c1 89s1 8)&!"E1r1 +,",- .GE %5"&EA*1 (B"E0 H1+k1' ;k .GE +,",- <A6KLM5 <0l1. .GE 9< '+,",- k-EN1l1', '()*+ p!'81@ @0' 51?-'' aQ1 p*160 81"R%t* %561Q0+1 8M6 %5TM(1<(1.. ./?- %5T') .?0. ;E mEM5 /5+,",- V1$Cl1' a80N1(0(0 51?-.

WbYLQ Z1$&"(@161$+- "81?!'* 81m1j"1@- 8t1 ?L"M5 Z16'-H /5'05015 o<s 1947 6)/- s1'$f6g W9,"(0 #60; ;6$'A s1'$f6g +,",-'.;l1 p1E1$+- ;"h 5 *6'1 (B(0l1 ?/16) s1'$f6g8i%5*1$5- s1'$f6g)t6 *1,1' @0Q1' 8t0"6 .(0l1 @0Q- 8t1j1r1$;18M5?-C1/M(1 61?1H+0 k6!"(0. 's1'$f6g W9,"(0 @0Q1'-( *l*6- /5'050; ;6$'A 8t1 91t <0(- Z16'-H Z1$&"(@161$c1 ?1'1'!' a80 H1 8"h+0mEE0 ?)'0. iVM5+ s1'$f6g)t6 *1,1'-( 8191:/* +,",n+- 8Ao"1' N1(-. Z16'-H 61jTL50+0 pQl*16 &r. C1C181?0C .$C0&*61$5-s1'$f6g-89'0c1 9Adt1"6 k19 ZMW9*1 T0'(-. 'e* vkw- e* 9'' ?- 8$*l51 TL51@t 89'0c1 .j160 axst1' .(-. 'V1W;,8191:/* .GE .zV{* 89'1 .l1"6+ #r1 aVh50 s1'$f6g1(1 aVR p1p ?)}( .GE 8"h<150 89'1 a5AZ"1H(1 W9,0(, a80C1C181?0C1$+0 mEE0 ?)'0. t1?- .j- 9?1t1 KA (0 H1$5- ?- ZMW9*1 "0<ll1 p*160 91$&(- ?)'-. 'st- .GE QMd1!'QMd1$+- Q)�E1'M5 9Ak'1?)E0 mE/0 s1'$f6g!' aQ- t1$+- ZMW9*1 ?)'-. /1'-H u'6$&, .zV{* Q)�E .GE �stH1$+0 st- mEM5 ?)E160 Q)�E 8$;!"�1+-p%kH1 8A� N1l1pQ"1H ()* 'e*9H' ?)E16 51?-'. 'e*9H ()*' ?- �s'- 81� *0l1pQ"1H 61� uZ0 61?E0 Qk 51?-, aQ- 91$&E-t1$5- *0 (- ?)'-. "0<"0<,0 891/"1@- " *mA%5s ;k " <L .GE8$TL51$5-8Ad1 89'1, Q)�E9Akw .GE s1'$f6g H1$+- 81$<& T1(M5s1'$f6g15$'68Ad1 8191:/* +,",- 8A�+ k0"l1.1960-70 c1 @Q*1a#06-8 /1<!'* s61"6 .zV{*, 8191:/* .GE81$s� !'* k0t19�0 v1;* s�;1+0 .GE 891/"1s"1"6 #)("6;�6E19 *6E160 a�6l %59hE N1(0. @A8r1 9?1HAd1c1 891p-5$'6c1*1,1'l1 +,",- H1 a�6l1+0 .v15 5-L ;0(M Q*l1 51?-'. t19A,0H1 8"R k0t1$9�0 5v1, '1j1 @91c1 +,",- u�1 61� (1<l1. t1*1,1' !"Q--!'Q-' a8E1r1 'oE-'oEnc1 p+$& 8?Z1<150 H1+,",- "1@,1816�1 @0QZ6 T�<1"M (1<l1. @0Q1c1 ;1',-"6 H1+,",n+0 a50* .!"�16 ;AB0 .(0. *V1, *!"'1, ;�YL�g, *1@$C6-, �85091, 51L* H1 k0t1$8? /5+,",nc1 k0t1;H�' H1 +,",n5-.;(0 (k"0j- axst %59hE *0 (0. 9?161�1' p(�( 9�< N5, @p(' 81%?t, *19<16 81%?t, 891$'6 �85091, 891$'6/ p1H)!<* 51L*it1@n;18M5 '0 @p(' ;¡V8R, 91<)"1, HA"* k1$'- @(, 891/"1@- HA"* @( aQ1 '1j1 @91c1 8191:/*-81$s� !'* +,",- u�161%?l1. t1$5- 5"5"0 pH)< *0 (0.. 5"0 8191:/* .QH ;AB0 .E(0.. 5v1 89s1$51 WZ&M Q*E161 5"1 d�l*)5 ;AB0 .E(1.?- +,",n+- "1L .E-C1E- .GE .E-C1E-5$'6c1 C@((0l1 61/*wH-8191:/* "1s"1' 1980-85 ;H�'c1 *1(#$&1;H�' :/"$'

Page 2: Social movement | Loksatta

1/24/15, 11:27 AMSocial movement | Loksatta

Page 2 of 3http://www.loksatta.com/diwali-magazine/social-movement-1049435/

61%?(-. 1975 c1 .<0-91<0 8A� N1(0(- 'st--9Akw'+- +,", ?-8Ad1 e* 5"0 "1s" mEM5 ;AB0 .(- .GE 8"R@M6 ;86(-. ;6$'A 1984-85 5$'6 91t e* 5"1+ *1(#$& 8A� N1(1. H1 *1,1' 81m1j"1@- /1<!'*w*6E1+- ;?1L v1H(1 8Ao"1' N1(-.891/1c1 8"R a$<1$"6 H1 5v1 /1<!'* ;"h+1 ;�6E19 /1E"M (1<(1. 1991 5$'6 '6 86*16- j)6E1$c1 ;1Yk�b150+ H1 81m1j"1@-/1<!'*w*6E1+1 8MH¤@H N1(1.H1c1+ /)&-50 1977 '0 1984-85 H1 *1,1' 61�-H sH$80"* 8$T, /58$T, %?�@M e*'1, !"¥ %?�@M ;�6�@ aQ1 /1'-H"1@- .GE j9hj8$TL51$C6)C6 '9it- *61H(1 ?6*' 581"-' a80 5"-5 9Ml +,",-c1 C1/M+0 ;k s-*1� (1<(0. t19A,0 ')"6 @0Q;1',-"6 5<�a8(0l1 H1 Qkw H19A,0 v1;* .T1&-' ';!"t' ?)¦5 "1BM (1<l1. '%?�@At"1@' 51"1+0 e* 5"- /1'-H"1@-- j9hj !"+1686E-!"*�8' ?)¦ (1<(-. 81m1j"1@- /1<!'*w*6E150 .E(0l1 5v1 9Ml1$c1 9AQ-' ?- !"+1686E- T&' <0(-. e*1 C1/M(1 91H*0 (/�k5c1 &1n+0 s1<' .GE @A8r1 C1/M(1 'v�(�L1i5 &0'(1 !"6)j a81 !"6)j1Z18 e*%t' 51$@M (1<(1. Z16'-H 8E1$+08Ad1 s�;?-H1+ ;d'-50 C@(M (1<(0. <6C1, <E;'- ?0 ut" '.jA%5*' ?)¦ (1<(0.H1 5v1 C@(1$51 *80 819)60 /1H+0, t1$51 *81 p!'81@ d1H+1, ?1 at$' *,-+1 p« +,",n89)6 uZ1 k1*(1. t1*6'1 891/"[email protected] *mA%5s ;k1$+- ;16$;�6* !"+1686E- " /A50 �8d1n a;A60 ;&E0 81?:/*+ ?)'0. H1 ;1',-"6 !"+161$+1 .GE �8d1n1$+1 !"*18*0 l1pQ"1H .GE ."­* !'V0 p+p(' �8d1n1$9jl1 9M(ZM' +A*1 Q)jM5 t1®"/- 5"-5 �8d1n !"*�8' *0l1pQ"1H ;AB0 /1E0aQk+ ?)'0. .$C0&*6- +,",n9�0 '6 H1;0k1?- "1}L ;�6�s'- %59hE N1(-. C1C181?0C1$+- 9M(ZM' 8id1¯n* 91$&E-8Ad1 5"1+(0(- 91E80 .$C0&*6- +,",-c1 50'�ts15- .(-. aQ1 9$&,n*&M5 �8d1n1+1 !"*18 ?)�1+1 9Ad1 '6 9< @M6+ 61%?(1.#60 mE/0 1967-68 '0 1975-76 ;H�'+1 91<)"1, @p(' ;¡V6, HA"* k1$'- @( H1$+1 /) *1, ?)'1, t1 *1,1' H1 ¦9° sl;E0 ?)t1.'.m- .d k1$!'*16*1$+0 !"+16 .GE �8d1n8Ad1 91Hk)s);#1(- k0"M5 ';18M5 T0¦,' aQ- ZMW9*1 T0�1+0 j1&8 .GE 5"0 *1?-91$&�1+- .8 t1$c1' ?)'-. '- ;AB-( *1,1' 8$;' <0(-. v"?16"1@ ;AB0 .(1. '1C&')C-c1 89s1 8)&!"E1r1 +,",- .GE%5"&EA*1 (B"E0 H1 +k1' ?0 ;k .GE C²8$� +,",- <A6KLM5 <0l1. .GE 891/1' 6+51t* ;1',-"6 /0 C@( T&(0, t1$+-89/+ 58l19A,0 H1 k0t1'l1 +,",-8Ad1 o86' <0l1 .GE 9<'+,",- k-E N1l1', '()*+ p!'81@ @0' 51?-'' aQ1 p*160 e*81"R%t* %561Q0+1 8M6 %5TM (1<(1.. ./?- %5T') .?0.;E mEM5 /5+,",- V1$Cl1, a80 ptk1' T&(0(0 %@8' 51?-. /5'1.;l1"6 oB"(0(- !";6-' ;�6�s'- C@(�181k-, !'(1V);"�181k- +,", *6-'+ 61%?(-. t1*6'1 /5'050 W9,'-( t1*1HR*t´+- 9@' T0'(-. ;�6"'R5"1@- "1 &1"0 89/(0 /1E160 ;k .GE8$TL51$+- 9@'?- T0'(-. ;6$'A +,",- 91t s'$t 9$+1c1 91�91'M5*0 l1. H1 *1(#$&1' *)Et1?- ;k1c1 "1 8$TL50c1 91�91'M5N1(0l1 +,",- a;"1@1t*+ .?0'.enr5 p*l!"6)j- +,",, 61H<& :/¶·t1'-( ;0E-;5"0( e8. }. N0&. !"6)j- +,",, /i'1;M6 aEA¦/h p*l!"6)j- +,",,t1+p91E0 *1?- Yk*1Ec1 /1+* L)(!"6)j- +,",-, @A�1, %59MR(5181k- �8�+5 H)/51 61C!"�1*�6'1 N1(0l1 +,",- aQ-a50*150* u@1?6E0 @0'1 H0'-(. 'V1W; H1 +,",- ;k1$c1 %*�"1 8$TL51$c1 C�56#1(- 5 N1l19A,0 t1$51 +,",- mEM5 9)/1H+0+51?-, aQ- e* 5"- p"�t- %59hE N1(- .?0. ?/16�c1 8$�050 (B�181k- /5'1 uZ- 61?'0 .?0, ?0 CTM58Ad1 '?l- /5'1 +,",-'H0'+ 51?-..' a81 8M6 .,"(1 /1' .?0. '.;l1' *1H *9'6'1 .?0? /5'1 .;l1 50'�t1#1(- *1 (B1 d1H(1 �8d ?)' 51?-?'

Page 3: Social movement | Loksatta

1/24/15, 11:27 AMSocial movement | Loksatta

Page 3 of 3http://www.loksatta.com/diwali-magazine/social-movement-1049435/

%*�"1 '/5'1 .;(0 50'�t *1 s-*16-' 51?-?' H1 <)ln+1 Q)j T0�18+ 5*16 %@(1 /1' .?0."161 '80+ "1r1+1 "0< .GE T5'1, 89Ad1c1 (1L1$+- Qkw, 8MHRp*1Q, ¹5-(?6-, p*1Q(?6-, /$<(, ;1E- ?- 5i8!<{* 8$81j50%58<h' ;M"°?- ?)'- .GE .'1?- .?0'. ;6$'A /$<( .GE ;1E- H1$+1 a;"1@ "<,'1 <0l1 10-12 "�´;M"°;H�' H1 5i8!<{*8$81j51$*&0 'ut1@* Qkw' mEM5 ;1?' t1$+1 Z1$&"(- ut1@5v"s0' *,-+0 s15 p1p N1(0 5v'0. ./ ;"5+¼¼t1$9j0 N1(0(-p+$& "1B, 8½6¦/h p*l1$+0 "1BE160 p91E, s0¼¾9c1 .j161"6 +1(E16- .jA%5* /<1'-( Q0*&) 9?tt1+- 81j50 .GE 91%?'--8$;*R '$tj151'-( *,-+- k0t0 H1 8"h*&0 8/<'050 ;1%?(0 '6 e* 5"0+ /< /n1(1 .(0 a8l1+- p+-'- H0}(. Q0'- .GE /$<(1'%59hE ?)E1r1 ut1@51$c1 .j160 Q0*&) at1jA%5* ud)< !"*� %d' s�;1' uZ0 61� Q*'1'.. .GE uZ0 61� (1<(0 .?0'. H1*&0.;E &),0N1* *0 (- '6 '0 *@1z+' .;l1(1 %@8E16+ 51?-'.H1 8"R+ k0t1$9�0 5v1 %@Q0c1 +,",- u�1 61%?l1 ;1%?/0'. t1 Q)�E9Akw+0 5"0, 89�d ;Hh"6E .GE 8$'Ap(' /< %59hE*6E1r1 a8M Q*'-(. H1 "1s"1*&0 !"!"j ;k .GE 8$TL51$5- ;1%?(0(0+ 51?-. e#1@- vkw /Q- *1?- !"Q0� 6$<1$c1 C1C'-''6$<.$j,-' a8'0, '80 t1$+0 N1(0 .?0. t1+C6)C6 e*0 *1,- 8C$j /< C@(M iÂcE16- 891/"1@- .GE 81m"1@- !"+16j161 ./k-E *1 N1(- .?0, t1+1 8#)( Q)j T0¦5 t15A816 C@(1H(1?- ?- 9$&,- 'H16 51?-'.;E aQ- 8"Rt a51s1 .GE u@18-5'0+- ;�6�s'- a8(- '6- /5'1 <p C8(0(- 51?-. /5'1 s':+0 ;HhH Q)j' .(- .?0..%59hE *6-' .(- .?0. ./?- '- ;HhH1$c1 Q)j1' .?0. t19A,0 ;"5+¼¼t1$81k- .;(- /9-5 .m- !"*E16 51?-, '80+ "161 ?05i8!<{* 8$81j5 "1;6l1Cd( 8$C$zj' <1"1$51 .GE !'Vl1 Q0'*r1$51 !"*181' "1L1 W9,1(1 ;1%?/0, H1 91<E-*�6'1 ?/16) Q0'*6-81't150 5 V*'1 +,",- *6-' .?0'. t1d160 HQ W9,"-' .?0'. 5"-5 "1L ;1&' .?0'.ZMW9?-51$8? g19-E Z1<1'-( 8"R *A LA$C1$51 Q0'-u;H)<- ;1�1+1 89n1H- "1;61+1 azj*16 W9,"�181k-+- +,", ?/16) 9/M6 "Q0'*r1$c1 8?Z1<150 HQ1c1 ;1Hr1 +B' .?0. *),Q1"6 .j16-' ¦/hp*l1(1 ;HhH @0¦5 a$C15n816�1 C&t1 Z1$&"(@161$+1p*l 6d *61H(1 /5'1 Z1< ;1&' .?0. ;HhH- !"*181+1 .61#&1 T0¦5 !"*� %d' ud)<1$c1 ;Hh"6E-8$'Ap(' ;HhH1+1 N�&1 uZ1�59A8$&- 916�1+- 'H16- *6-' .?0. !"*85Q-( ;A5"R851+- 5"- +,", .*1618 H0' .?0. *A LA$C1c1 91(9t0' 9A(<0 .GE 9A(n51?-8915 %?s0@16 *6E160 C@( *1Hd19�0 *�5 T0' .?0'. �stH1$!"od ?)E160 at1+16 6)#�1' Q185 *9- ;&' a80( '6 .m- *)H'0*960(1 (1"M5 *191"6 /1¦, aQ- 5"- .k9* 9)?-9 t1$5- 8A� *0 (- .?0. /1'-v"s1 8$;"E161 v1"?1�6* *1HRk9 .#M5 t1+-a$9(C/1"E- *61H(1 ()* Z1< ;1&' .?0'. ()*8$s� '-c1 .j160 ;HhH- 81$s� !'* ut"1$+- %5W9{'- *6-' .?0'.aQ1 'r0c1 !"!"j1$<- +,",- :/¶·t1-:/¶·t1$9�0 "1B' +1(l1 a8M5?- t1$51 '+,",-' mEM5 9)/1H(1 &1"0 mE"M5 T0E160 ;k "8$TL51 61/- 51?-'. '6-?- H1 +,",- /)9 j6' .?0'. ps1W;'1$51 t1$+- @#( Ê1"- (1<'0 .?0. .'1 ?- +,", @0QZ6 K)K1"0(aQ- �s'- .?0. *)Et1?- <)l-(1 Kk 5*16 @0�150 Z1<' 51?-, '6 5"0 sp /W95-"6 ;1H 6)"M5 o/"1"0 (1<'0. 5v1 Z1$&"(-v"s0+- +1( o,#M5 /5'0Q- 8$"1@ 81j' 5"1 !"+16 ;AB0 .E1"1 (1<'). ') H0' .?0. ') .'1 V1$CE16 51?-. aVh' %561Q0+0 8M6%5T'+ 61?'-( .GE '0 !"�5?- /1'-(.