social media in conflict situations - ushahidi, twitter and more
DESCRIPTION
The presentation analyses with the different views on how social media are used in conflict related situations, comparing the arguments of Evgeny Morozov and Clay Shirky. Examples used are the "Green Uprising" in Iran, the Sichuan Earthquake in China and the Minsk Flash Mobs.TRANSCRIPT
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Social Media in Conflict Situations -
Ushahidi, Twitter and More
IIJ Summer Academy 2010
August 18, 2010
Berlin
Twitter: @spielkamp
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...certainly the earliest after dinner lecture I've ever delivered - but:
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...'post-culinary depression'...
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New title:
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Shirky vs. Morozov:The showdown
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in the blue corner‣ defending champion‣ New York City, New York
‣ born in the United States of America‣ 6 books
‣ numerous articles in international papers‣ under contract by New York University
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in the red corner‣ contender‣ from Washington, DC
‣ born in Belarus‣ 1 (forthcoming) book
‣ numerous articles in international papers‣ under contract by George Washington University
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What are they fighting over?
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Do "Social Media"further democracy - or do they help authoritarian regimes?
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Do "Social Media"further democracy - or do they help authoritarian regimes?
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi‣ is a platform
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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Ushahidi
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The 'Twitter Revolution'
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The 'Twitter Revolution'
BBC
How Iran's political battle is fought in cyberspace
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The 'Twitter Revolution'
BBC
How Iran's political battle is fought in cyberspace
Time Magazine
Iran Protests: Twitter, the Medium of the Movement
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The 'Twitter Revolution'
BBC
How Iran's political battle is fought in cyberspace
Time Magazine
Iran Protests: Twitter, the Medium of the Movement
Washington Post
Iran Elections: A Twitter Revolution?
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The 'Twitter Revolution'cartoon removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://0.tqn.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/y/m/2/stop-or-tweet.gif
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Shirky"Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organization"
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Shirky"Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organization"
Hypothesis:
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Shirky"Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organization"
Hypothesis:The Internet and social media help synchronizing a politically engaged public -
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Shirky"Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organization"
Hypothesis:The Internet and social media help synchronizing a politically engaged public -and this, in itself, is politcal and furthers democratisation.
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Morozov"How Dictators Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Web" (January 2011)
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Morozov"How Dictators Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Web" (January 2011)
Hypothesis:
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Morozov"How Dictators Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Web" (January 2011)
Hypothesis:Authoritarian regimes can adjust their methods of governance to Internet communication -
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Morozov"How Dictators Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Web" (January 2011)
Hypothesis:Authoritarian regimes can adjust their methods of governance to Internet communication -and at times work 'better' (more effectively) with it than ever before.
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1st Round
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The Minsk Flash Mobsimage removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://www.spokesman.com/photos/2010/jul/16/109917/
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The Minsk Flash Mobs‣ started in March 2006, a day after the violent dispersal of the opposition's peaceful rally in Minsk‣ goal: to 'peacefully express one's point of view on what's going on in the country'
‣ several flash mob activities have been carried out in Minsk
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The Minsk Flash MobsShirky: 'I think that the thing that's worth fighting for here is the ability of citizens within a country to communicate with one another, and I remain convinced that that will have political ramifications. I think that to the degree that citizens can communicate with each other, that actually matters much more than access to information, or than communication with the outside world. What we should be worrying about is freedom of speech, lower case "f", lower case "s", not as a political right, but as just a daily capability.'
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The Minsk Flash MobsMorozov: 'My biggest problem with these flashmobbing kids in Belarus was that they had erroneously thought that the Internet presents an entirely new way of doing politics. They thought that they would build up and operate a fully virtual movement, that they would not need to bother with the dirty and bloody business of opposing a dictator, a business that often entails harassments of all kinds, as well as bloodshed, intimidation, expulsion from universities. Let's not kid ourselves: that's what being in an opposition in authoritarian country entails. It's never a pretty picture.'
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The Minsk Flash Mobs'So I do fear that some of these kids thought that the Internet offered a nice shortcut that would allow them to meaningfully challenge the dictator without having to go through any of that unpleasant stuff. They thought they could just blog the dictatorship away.'
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1st Round: Morozov 10 - Shirky 8
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2nd Round
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)‣ some 7.000 schools collapsed
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)‣ some 7.000 schools collapsed‣ some 10.000 children dead
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Mothers coordinate via web to protest
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)image removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/06/03/c4.jpg
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Chinese officials sacked over handling of earthquake
The Guardian, June 23, 2008
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Shirky: 'the first time the Chinese government has faced a radicalized population who had no preexisting coordination'
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Morozov: Will governments 'be able to adapt to this environment by engaging in new ways of propaganda? By selectively manipulating who gets to cover which story?'
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in Yunnan Province
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in Yunnan Province‣ public protest, organised over Internet
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in Yunnan Province‣ public protest, organised over Internet
‣ 15 'netizen investigators' appointed, looked at the prison, wrote an inconclusive report
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in Yunnan Province‣ public protest, organised over Internet
‣ 15 'netizen investigators' appointed, looked at the prison, wrote an inconclusive report‣ Story died, it later came out most of the 15 were current or former employees of state media
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2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)Sichuan earthquake activist to stay in jail for five years
The Telegraph, June 9, 2010
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2nd Round: Morozov 10 - Shirky 8
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3rd Round
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Iran
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IranShirky: there was a cause-and-effect situation
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IranShirky: there was a cause-and-effect situationMorozov: there was a synchronicity of events. But:
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IranShirky: there was a cause-and-effect situationMorozov: there was a synchronicity of events. But:
'How many completely uninitiated protests have actually engaged with the real world because of something they had read on Twitter or Facebook?'
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Nedaimage removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neda_non_graphic.jpg
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NedaShirky: Social media have a coordinating effect; things would not have happened without them
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NedaMorozov: 'despite millions of angry tweets and cellphone cameras pointed at their faces, the Iranian government still cracked down on the protesters'
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NedaMorozov: 'despite millions of angry tweets and cellphone cameras pointed at their faces, the Iranian government still cracked down on the protesters'
cartoon removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://0.tqn.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/y/m/2/stop-or-tweet.gif
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What are the results?Shirky: Yes, but there are still changes:'I believe that the Green Uprising altered the balance between the theocracy and the military aspects of the Iranian government. [...] it seems to me that one of the effects, paradoxical and sad, of the Green Uprising, is that it has pushed Iran into being an essentially military power.'
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What are the results?Morozov: Agreed. But these kinds of changes are much more complex and have multiple causes -
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What are the results?Morozov: Agreed. But these kinds of changes are much more complex and have multiple causes - take the example of the smuggled Xerox machines in Poland: 'they may not have been all that important, for it was the fundamental economic unsustainability of communism that precipitated its collapse.'
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3rd Round: Morozov 9 - Shirky 9
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Final Score after Three Rounds
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Final Score after Three RoundsNot a knock-out, but Morozov wins on points (29 vs. Shirky's 25)
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Final Score after Three RoundsNot a knock-out, but Morozov wins on points (29 vs. Shirky's 25)What's your score?
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Thank you!images under Creative Commons licenses:
slide 04: http://www.flickr.com/photos/kplawver/481666069/sizes/l/in/photostream/
slide 07: http://www.flickr.com/photos/joi/1397946225/sizes/l/in/photostream/
slide 09: http://www.flickr.com/photos/re-publica/4520673288/sizes/l/in/photostream/
slide 16: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dci/243722737/sizes/z/in/photostream/
slide 52: http://www.flickr.com/photos/remkotanis/3251729749/sizes/l/in/photostream/
Matthias Spielkamp
www.immateriblog.de (in German)
Twitter: @spielkamp