social integration recognition –process –mechanisms male-female integration parent-offspring...
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Social Integration
• Recognition– Process– Mechanisms
• Male-female integration
• Parent-offspring integration
• Group integration
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Meerkat
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Recognition Process
• Sender provides information• Receiver perceives signal above background• Receiver compares information in signal to a
model of target stored in memory• Receiver decides whether sender is target or not• Receiver takes action in response to target
– Feed offspring or not– Flee from predator or not
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Limits on repertoire size
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Recognition issues
• Difficulty of discrimination task depends on the number of classes that must be distinguished– Number of classes depends on identification
level, i.e. sex, species, group, or individual
• Recognition is never perfect
• Sender and receiver need not agree on amount of information to transfer
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Recognition mechanisms• Spatial location
– e.g. treat offspring in nest as own
• Familiarity – Individual level recognition requires learned
familiarity and requires complex signature signals
• Phenotype matching– Ability to assign stimuli to classes of relatedness
relative to the receiver
– Referent can be a known relative or oneself
• Allele matching– Requires hypervariable locus with olfactory signal
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Neighbor-stranger discrimination provides an example of recognition by spatial location
•Neighbor’s song ignored when broadcast from proper territory
•Aggressive response when neighbor’s song broadcast from different territory
•Rule of thumb: recognize neighbor when in own territory, treat all other
songs as if from floaters
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Vocal signatures
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Kin recognition in salamanders
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Multiple Histocompatibility Complex
• MHC is involved in cell-cell recognition
• Many loci exhibit high levels of heterozygosity with many alleles
• Permits kin recognition in many vertebrates
• = Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on chr 6
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Mice and humans prefer alternate MHC
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Male-female integration• Species recognition
– Can be hard-wired since only one signal variant needs to be recognized
• Chemoreceptor sensitivity in some male moths• Color sensitive eyes of some fish and butterflies• Frequency sensitivity of some frogs
– Parental care permits imprinting
• Coordination of reproduction– Female reproduction often needs stimulation by a species-
specific male signal and vice versa– Provides opportunity for male exploitation
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Copulation synchronization
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Pairbond behaviors
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Triumph ceremony in Greylag geese
Males use ritualizeddisplay to chase awaycompetitors and then both sexes display together
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Duets Carolina wren
Rufous and white wren
Buff-breasted wren
Found in
Monogamous speciesIn dense vegetationKeeps pair togetherMinimizes extra pair copsAdvertises territory
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Pheromone delivery in salamanders
Pheromonewafting by male newt
Chin rubbing onfemale nares bymale plethodon
Chin rubbing onfemale back bymale desmognathus
Forced copulation bymale euproctis
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Parent-offspring recognition
• Parental investment includes time and energy devoted to offspring that increase offspring survival while decreasing parental survival and/or ability to reproduce
• Predict recognition accuracy should by high
• Can select for signal complexity or enhanced receiver discrimination or both
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Pup recognition in Mexican free-tailed bats
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Isolation call measurements
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Call complexity and colony size
Log colony size
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Isolation calls are heritable
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Parent-offspring conflict
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Group integration
• Social groups permit cooperation, but require mechanisms for recognition
• Group recognition
• Appeasement
• Coordination of group movements
• Worker organization in social insects
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Group recognition vocalizations
• Vervet monkeys
• Bottlenose dolphins
• Killer whales
• Parrots
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Groups have distinct calls
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Females learn to match calls
Group 1 Group 2
Before
5 monthsafter move
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Appeasement signals
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Group cohesion calls
Squirrel monkey
Golden liontamarin
Pinyon jay
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Coordination of group movement
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Bee dances signal hive choice
Swarming distance covaries with dialect
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Isoptera - all termites