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i SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011): MARXIST THEORY Research Ppaer Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department By ZAHRUL ANAM A3201201200 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2016

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Page 1: SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN VERONICAeprints.ums.ac.id/47123/4/HALAMAN DEPAN.pdf · MOTTO To move forward, we have to leave something behind. “Newton's Third Law” ... Discrimination

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SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION REFLECTED IN VERONICA

ROTH’S DIVERGENT (2011): MARXIST THEORY

Research Ppaer Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department

By

ZAHRUL ANAM

A3201201200

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2016

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MOTTO

To move forward, we have to leave something behind.

“Newton's Third Law”

Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always

to try just one more time.

“Thomas A. Edison”

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DEDICATION

This research paper is proudly dedicated to:

My beloved mother and father

My lovely brothers

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.

All praises is always for the God Almighty, Allah SWT who always give us

wonderful mercy and bless to complete this research paper entitled “Social

Discrimination Reflected in Veronica Roth’s Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory”.

Peace and mercy is always for our prophet Muhammad SAW who guides us from the

darkness to the lightness.

The researcher realizes that many people had given their hand for suggestion

and help for finishing this research paper. He is thankful to everyone who deserves to

receive and appreciation to the following people:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher

Training and Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat S.Pd., M.Hum., Ph.D. as the Head of English

Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,

3. Dewi Candraningrum, S.Pd., M.Ed., Phil. Dr. as the consultant who has

guided the researcher,

4. Agus Wijayanto Drs., M.A., Ph.D. as the academic consultant,

5. All the lecturers of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta

for the more knowledge that have shared to him,

6. His beloved and best parents, Mr. Syamsul Hadi and Mrs. Hidayah who always

give love, care, motivation, and everything to him, thanks for your endless pray,

7. His brothers, Nurul Anam, and Badrul Anam, thanks for support and effort to

make him always smile and happy,

8. His big family who always give support to him,

9. His friends Adit Rosin Sensei, Nanik Wijayanti, Dewi Setyowati, Rifki Adhin

Sensei, who has given consultation and help so much, so the researcher can

finish this research paper.

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10. His closest friends, Wisnu Yuli, Satrio Nur Wijaya, Zulfikar Yusuf, Risal

Yaniardi, Bagas Andika, Irfan Rejiansyah, Ali Sofyan, Agung Andrianto, thanks

for the solidarity, and a jokes that makes he always laugh.

11. His girlfriend, Anindya Fara also known as Tandon, thanks a lot of your prayer,

spirit, togetherness, motivation and support. Thanks for everything.

12. His friends in Department of English Education Class E, thanks for the

experiences during our togetherness,

13. All people who cannot be mentioned one by one here.

Thank you for unforgotten contribution during the research paper writing

process.

Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokaatuh.

Surakarta, 13 October 2016

Zahrul Anam

A320120200

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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE ........................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL ............................................................................................. ii

ACCEPTANCE ......................................................................................... iii

TESTIMONY ............................................................................................ iv

MOTTO ..................................................................................................... v

DEDICATION ........................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................ vii

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................ ix

ABSTRAK........................................................................................ ......... xii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study .............................................. 1

B. Literature Review ......................................................... 7

C. Problem Statement ....................................................... 9

D. Limitation of the Study ................................................. 10

E. Objective of the Study .................................................. 10

F. Benefit of the Study ...................................................... 10

G. Research Method .......................................................... 10

H. Research Organization... .............................................. 12

CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY ............................................. 13

A. Notion of Marxist Theory ............................................. 13

B. Major Principle of Marxism Theory ............................ 13

1. Dialectical Materialism ......................................... 14

2. Historical Materialism ........................................... 14

3. Class Struggle ........................................................ 14

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4. Alienation………………………………………... 15

5. Revolution………………………………………. 15

C. The Notion of Social Discrimination ........................... 16

D. Structural element of the novel………………………. 17

a. Character and Characterizations……………… .... 17

b. Setting………………………………………… .... 17

c. Plot…………………………………………….... 18

d. Point of View………………………………….... 18

e. Style…………………………………………….. . 18

f. Theme…………………………………................ 19

E. Theoretical Application………………………… ........ 19

CHAPTER III: SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF AMERICA IN THE

BEGINNING OF THE 21st

CENTURY ................... 20

A. Social Aspect ................................................................ 20

B. Economic Aspect .......................................................... 21

C. Political Aspect ............................................................. 22

D. Cultural Aspect ............................................................. 23

E. Religious Aspect ........................................................... 26

F. The life of the Author. .................................................. 27

CHAPTER IV: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ...................................... 31

A. Structural Element ........................................................ 31

1. Character and Characterization…………………. 31

2. Setting…………………………………………… 38

3. Plot……………………………………………… 43

4. Point of View ........................................................ 49

5. Style……………………………………………… 50

6. Theme…………………………………………… 56

B. Discussion .................................................................... 57

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CHAPTER V: MARXIST ANALYSIS ................................................... 60

A. Marxist Analysis ........................................................... 60

1. Dialectical Materialism .......................................... 61

2. Historical Materialism ............................................ 63

3. Alienation ............................................................... 69

4. Class Struggle ......................................................... 72

5. Revolution............................................................... 74

B. Discussion .................................................................... 77

CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......................... 79

A. Conclusion .................................................................... 79

B. Suggestion .................................................................... 80

C. Pedagogical Implication ............................................... 81

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 82

VIRTUAL REFERENCES ...................................................................... 85

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Abstrak

Zahrul Anam, A320120200, Social Discrimination Reflected In Veronica Roth’s

Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory, Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu

Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Oktober 2016.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan diskriminasi sosial yang terjadi pada

novel The Divergent (2011) karya Veronica Roth. Novel The Divergent (2011)

dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Marxist. Analisis diselesaikan dengan mengacu

pada dua objek: pertama yaitu analisa yang berdasar elemen struktural, dan yang

kedua yaitu analisa mengenai sosial diskriminasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan

Marxist. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian ini

menggunakan dua sumber data. Yang pertama yaitu novel The Divergent (2011)

karya Veronica Roth sebagai sumber utama. Sumber data kedua diambil dari buku,

biografi penulis, jurnal, sumber internet yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Dua

jenis data diperoleh melalui perpustakaan yang dianalisa menggunakan analisa

deskriptif. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa

kesimpulan. Pertama yaitu elemen struktural novel yang diperoleh melalui karakter

dan karakterisasi, seting tempat dan waktu, plot, sudut pandang, dan tema yang

terangkum menjadi satu sebagai cerita dalam novel. Kedua, yang berdasar pada

pendekatan Marxist dalam materialisme dialektis, sejarah materialisme, perjuangan

kelas, keterasingan, revolusi dan diskriminasi sosial yang tercermin pada karakter

utama dalam novel The Divergent (2011).

Kata kunci: sosial diskriminasi, elemen struktural novel, pendekatan Marxist

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Abstract

Zahrul Anam, A320120200, Social Discrimination Reflected In Veronica Roth’s

Divergent (2011): Marxist Theory, Research Paper, School of Teacher Training

and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, October 2016

This study is aimed to reveal the discrimimation in The Divergent (2011) novel by

Veronica Roth. The Divergent (2011) novel is analyzed by using Marxist approach.

The analysis is done by determining two objects: the first is analyzing the novel

based on the structural elements, and the second is analyzing the problem of

discrimination by using Marxist approach. This research is a descriptive qualitative

research. There are two types of data sources. The source of primary data is

Veronica Roth’s The Divergent (2011) novel. The secondary data sources are from

books, biography of the author, journals, and internet sources related to the study.

The two kinds of data collected through library research and analyzed with

descriptive analysis. Based on the research, the researcher draws the following

conclusions. The first, the structural element of the novel described the character

and characterization, setting of place and time, plot, point of view, and theme. It

shapes into one unity in a novel story. The second, based on Marxist approach in

dialectical, historical, class struggle, alienation, revolution and the social

discrimination was revealed with other descriptions of Marxist the major character

reflected in The Divergent (2011) novel.

Keywords: social discrimination, structural elements of novel, Marxis approach