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Maya CityThe ancient Maya people of southern Mexico and Central America built an advanced civilization

more than 1,000 years ago. Every Maya city had a large public square, palaces, and pyramidstopped with temples.

Maya WritingThe ancient Maya used pictures and symbols to represent ideas or combinations of sounds. Thisform of writing is known as hieroglyphics. The Maya carved hieroglyphs into stone and wrote them

down in books, such as this one.

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Chichn ItzIn about 900 AD, the Maya abandoned many of their cities in Guatemala. Some Maya moved north into the Yucatn

peninsula in Mexico, where they built new cities. This picture shows Chichn Itz, one of the last great cities built by

the Maya.

Inca RuinsThe Inca Empire was a vast kingdom that thrived hundreds of years ago in South America.One spectacular Inca city was Machu Picchu, located high in the Andes mountains. The abandoned remains of the

city, shown here, were discovered in 1911.

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AtahualpaAtahualpa was the last ruler of the Inca Empire. He was killed by the Spanish in 1533.

Francisco PizarroSpanish explorer Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in the 1530s.

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Great Temple of TenochtitlnThe Great Temple of the Aztecs was the center of their capital city, Tenochtitln. Thecity was conquered in 1521 by the Spanish and later became Mexico City.

Hernn CortsSpanish explorer Hernn Corts conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521.

He and his armies destroyed the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitln.

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Great SphinxThe Great Sphinx is the most famous statue fromancient Egypt. It has a human head and a lions body.The Great Sphinx is about 4,500 years old and standsnear three ancient pyramids in Giza, Egypt.

Queen NefertitiNefertiti was one of the most famous queens of ancientEgypt. She and her husband, Akhenaton, reigned in the1300s BC, during the period known as the NewKingdom.

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King TutankhamunKing Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, ruled Egypt in the 1300s BC. Hebecame king at about age 9 and died at about age 18. Although not animportant king, he is famous because his tomb was discovered in 1922 with itstreasures still inside. His mummy wore this gold mask.

Ancient Egyptian EmpireAncient Egypt reached its greatest extent during the New Kingdom, also knownas the Egyptian Empire. The New Kingdom lasted from about 1550 to 1070 BC.

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ConfuciusConfucius was a wise Chinese philosopher who was born more than 2,500years ago. He taught his followers how to live a good and moral life, and histeachings are still studied today.

Great Wall of ChinaThe Ming dynasty built the Great Wall in the 1400s and 1500s. This long stonewall was designed to defend Chinas northern border from invasions. Today, itis a popular tourist site.

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