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SOCIOLOGY OF POPULAR CULTURE SOC 210 – 2 ND CLASS POPULAR CULTURE IN TURKEY

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Page 1: Soc 210 2nd class

SOCIOLOGY OF POPULAR CULTURE

SOC 210 – 2ND CLASSPOPULAR CULTURE IN TURKEY

Page 2: Soc 210 2nd class

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF POPULAR CULTURE IN TURKEY

• Turkish Republic was founded in 1923, and Turkish society entered very quickly into a modernization process.

• The first president of Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, made radical changes and renewal in every field of society in order to modernize the society.

• Latin alphabet, modern education systems, local governance systems modeled from Europe, new economical systems, new agriculture methods, etc..

Page 3: Soc 210 2nd class

POLITICAL EVENTS THAT INFLUENCED

POPULAR CULTURE IN TURKEY

• 1923- Republic was found, one party regime.• 1946- Turkey moved to multi-party political

regime.• 1946- American president Missouri visited

İstanbul and Turkish markets opened to American goods.

• 1960- First Military coup happened.• 1971- Military coup• 1980- Military coup• 2001- Conservative party came to power

Page 4: Soc 210 2nd class

1930s TURKEY

Page 5: Soc 210 2nd class

1930s TURKEY• The main subject of all magazines and

newspapers was Atatürk and his successes.

• They called Atatürk as- National Chief and Timeless (Ebedi) Chief.

• There was a creation of perception about Atatürk, to make all the society know him, believe him and love him.

• The aim was to adapt intellectuals and middle class people into new ideologies.

Page 6: Soc 210 2nd class

1930s and 1940s in TURKEY

• During 1930s and 1940s, when there was only one party on government in Turkey, the government ideology was to make people believe that there is no class issue, no class struggle, no bourgeoise, and all the society is equal under nationalist ideology.

• Nationalism was the core to keep society together.

• In the newspapers of 1946-1947, the writers are trying to create an awareness in the society for democratization.

•

Page 7: Soc 210 2nd class

1930s and 1940s in TURKEY

• Western style life is too much encouraged and people were motivated to live like Europeans.

• In every magazine Western life style is mentioned as superior and as a must be.

• Woman issue was very specially written and women were encouraged to dress modern, get education and contribute in social life.

• Magazines and newspapers were serving as educators, awakening agnets for the society.

Page 8: Soc 210 2nd class

ENTERANCE OF AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE

IN TURKISH SOCIETY, 1960 S AND 1970S

• After Democrat Party was founded in 1946, they pursued good relations with America.

• In 5 April 1946, American President Missouri visited İstanbul with his fleet.

• Just after 7 days of that, Turkish government demanded 500million dollar debt.

• In September of the same year, Turkish lira devaluated.

• In December, communist intellectuals got arrested, some communist parties got closed.

Page 9: Soc 210 2nd class

ENTERANCE OF AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE

IN TURKISH SOCIETY, 1960 S AND 1970S

• On July 1948, America-Turkey Financial Partnership Agreement had been signed and on 1950, the financial help of America to Turkey was around 180 million dollars.

• There happened to be a big boom in economy with the arrival of American products on markets in Turkey.

• Not only Turkish society was surrounded with American products, but also Turkish army was modernized with American weapons.

• According to American authorities, Turkey should leave statism, and start private enterprise.

Page 10: Soc 210 2nd class

ENTERANCE OF AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE IN TURKISH

SOCIETY, 1960 S AND 1970S

• While Turkey was aiming to be an industry country when it was founded by Atatürk, now with Marshall aid from America, the aim became for Turkey to be Europe’s agriculture country.

Page 11: Soc 210 2nd class

CLASS FORMATION IN TURKISH COMMUNITY

• The magazines and newspapers of 1950-1970 years, were serving newly rich people of Turkey and their curiosity about Europe and America.

• Classes in the society became more obvious in these years.

• Anti-communism articles, the rise of sexual issues, more enjoyable cultural articles and daily diverting publishments were main topics of 1950-1970 years magazines and newspapers in Turkey.

Page 12: Soc 210 2nd class

1970-1990s TURKEY• Turkey’s dependent capitalism raised.• The military coups supported Turkish

bourgeois and working class’s union rights were suspended.

• Media, TV, radio and newspapers were disorienting middle class people by new product advertisements, easy payment methods, installment sales and encouraging them to consume more.

Page 13: Soc 210 2nd class

1970-1990s TURKEY• After 1980s, television culture became so dominant. • TV was the only entertainment element for working

class and little bourgeois and it was hypnotizing them, thus preventing them to think and act accordingly.

• The working class and middle class people of Turkey never had the chance to be interested in high culture issues as art, literature, books etc. and has been occupied by television. So, the gap between intellectuals, bourgeois and them had been enlarged.

• They could only be interested in folk culture which comes by traditions and popular culture which spread by television.

Page 14: Soc 210 2nd class

TURKEY TODAY• Dominant media groups are under control of rich

families and most of the publishments serve a very small percentage of Turkish society.

• Turkish society is so dominant on television and hypnotized by 3 hour tv series every night.

• Education publishments are very less.• Newspapers are perceived as biased through

political ideologies. • Class distinctions are very sharp and prominent.• Violance is increasing in family, on streets, in

daily life.


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