snow algae and their relevance to astrobiology jana kvíderová faculty of science, university of...
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![Page 1: Snow algae and their relevance to astrobiology Jana Kvíderová Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic & Institute](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649f1d5503460f94c33b38/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Snow algae and their relevance to astrobiology
Jana Kvíderová
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
&
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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Snow algae
- Algae growing in melting snow- „Watermelon snow“ = dense communities of
snow algae- Alpine and polar regions- Temporary and perrenial snowfields
Red (left) and green (right) snow. Krkonoše Mts. Czech Republic.
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Snow algae
Dust- and soil-covered snowfields in Svalbard
- glaciers and snowfields
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Snow algae
- Unicellular or filamentous microorganisms - Chlamydomonas sp. - Chloromonas sp.- Raphidonema nivale…
- Complex life cycles - Motile (flagellates) and
non-motile (cysts) stages- Chlamydomonas sp. and
Chloromonas sp.
Examples of snow algae species and genera: A - Chlamynomonas nivalisB - Chloromonas nivalisC - Chloromonas brevispinaD - Chloromonas rosaeE - Cryocystis sp.
A
B C
D
E
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Life cycles
Modified from Hoham et Duval (2001) in Snow ecology
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Svalbard snow algae
The species and genera of snow algae found in Petuniabukta samples (Kvíderová (2012) Czech Polar Reports). The number indicates the size of the scale in µm A-F – zygospores of Chlamydomonas cf. nivalis, G – newly formed zygospore of cf. Chloromonas nivalis, H-I – cf. Cryodactylon glaciale (? Chlamydomonas brevispina), J-K – zygospores of Chlamydomonas sp., L – cf. Chlainomonas sp.
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Environment of snow algae I.
- Low stable temperature- Freeze-thaw cycles- High and variable radiation (VIS and UV)
Variability of environmental conditions in snow (Kvíderová (2010) Arct Antarct Alp Res)Abbreviations: PAR - photosynthetically active radiation; Tair - air temperature; Tsnow - snow temperature; UVR - UV radiation
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Environment of snow algae II.
- Variable nutrient availability- Short vegetation period
Snow nutrient concentrations and their relations to occurence of snow algae (Kvíderová et Kociánová (2011) Opera Corcontica)
Abbreviations: Alk - alkalinity; Alt - altitude; Cond - conductivity; DRP - dissolved reactive phosphorus; NH4-N - ammonium nitrogen; NO3-N - nitrate nitrogen; N:Pin - inorganic N:P molar ratio; N:Ptot - total N:P molar ratio; Ntotal - total nitrogen; pH - snow pH; Ptotal - total phosphorus. CbreC - cysts of Chlr. brevispina; CnivC - cysts of Chlr. nivalis; CnivZ - zoospores of Chlr. nivalis; CrosC - cysts of Chlr. rosae.
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Ecophysiological requirements I.
Temperature and irradiance growth requirements of Chlamydomonas sp. strain Ľadové originating from the High Tatra Mts., Slovakia
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Ecophysiological requirements II.
- Psychrophilic and psychrotolerant species
- Tolerance of broad irradiance range
Growth of Chlamydomonas sp. strain Ľadové in gradient of temperature (left) and irradiance (right)