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Paper Reference(s)

6136/01

Edexcel GCEBiology (Salters-Nuffield)

AdvancedUnit Test 6 Synoptic Paper

Wednesday 17 June 2009 Afternoon

Time: 2 hours

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Nil A copy of the scientific article takenfrom The Earth Only Enduresby Jules Pretty

Data booklet for Question 2

Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature.The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.Answer THREE questions. You must answer Questions 1 and 2, and then EITHER Question 3 ORQuestion 4. You should allow about 45 minutes for answering Question 3 or 4 including planningtime.Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box with a cross ( ). If you change yourmind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ).Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).The total mark for this paper is 60.There are 20 pages in this question paper. Any blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates

You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions andarguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Examiners use only

Team Leaders use only

Question Leave

Number Blank

1

2

3

4

Total

Surname Initial(s)

Signature

Centre

No.

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Candidate

No.

Paper Reference

6 1 3 6 0 1

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with

Edexcel Limited copyright policy.2009 Edexcel Limited.

Printers Log. No.

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Answer BOTH questions 1 and 2

1. The scientific article you have studied is an extract from a book called The Earth Only

Endures by Jules Pretty.

Use the information from the article, and your own knowledge, to answer the following

questions.

(a) Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace are said to have turned the world upside

down. Explain why their ideas were so revolutionary at the time.

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(b) The 17 CREB genes are part of the mechanism of learning and memory.

Explain how CREB genes demonstrate the influence of nature and nurture in the

formation of long-term memories.

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(4)

(c) Suggest and explain two ways in which humans could be bringing about their own

extinction.

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(d) Stephen Mobleys lawyers argued that he committed murder because his genes made

him do it. Suggest, with reasons, whether you agree that this was an acceptable

defence.

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(e) Explain why rats groomed by their mothers suffer less from the effects of stress later

in life.

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(f) Given the same access to food, some people will put on more weight than others.

Explain how twin studies can provide evidence for the influence of genes on body

mass.

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(g) Describe how genes can interact to produce a characteristic.

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2. Read and use the data in the data booklet provided and your own knowledge, to answer

the following questions.

(a) Edmondstons Chickweed (Figure 3) is a plant that grows on the Keen of Hamar, a hill

on the island of Unst (Figure 2). Unst is the most northerly of the Shetland Islands

(Figure 1).

It is thought that Edmondstons Chickweed evolved from Arctic Chickweed

(Figure 4) since the last Ice Age. The nearest colony of Arctic Chickweed is on the

Faeroe Islands (Figure 1), 250 miles to the north west of Unst.

(i) Suggest how Edmondstons Chickweed has evolved from Arctic Chickweed.

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(ii) The ground on the Keen of Hamar remains relatively bare.

This is because an ecological process, which usually takes place on bare ground,

has not taken place.

Name this ecological process.

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(1)

(iii) The ground has remained relatively bare since the Ice Age.

Suggest how this may have enabled Edmondstons Chickweed to survive.

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(iv) Edmondstons Chickweed exists as one small population on Unst.

Suggest how a small population limits a species ability to adapt to environmental

change.

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(b) Some seeds from Edmondstons Chickweed were planted in soil from the Keen of

Hamar and some were planted in normal soil.

The seeds were left to grow into plants in a controlled environment. The characteristics

of the plants were recorded. The results are shown in the table below.

Type of soil Characteristic of leaf Characteristic of stem

Keen of Hamar Round, purple, hairy Short with leaves close together

Normal Round, purple, hairy Long with leaves far apart

With reference to Figure 3, suggest an explanation for the results in the table above.

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(c) Discuss the extent to which the data in Figures 5, 6 and 7 provide evidence that

Edmondstons Chickweed plants are affected by climate change.

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(d) The permanently-marked quadrat mentioned in the caption of Figure 6, is markedby metal pegs driven into the underlying rock.

Suggest why such a type of quadrat is more suitable than non-permanent, randomly

placed ones.

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(e) Edmondstons Chickweed is adapted to living in low environmental temperatures.

When the environmental temperature increases, the gross primary productivity of

Edmondstons Chickweed increases but its net primary productivity decreases.

Give an explanation for these effects on primary productivity.

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(Total 20 marks)

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Answer ONE of the following essay questions.

You should choose EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4.

You are expected to answer in continuous prose. You should use examples from the biology

course you have studied but need not restrict yourself to the course content.

You are advised to spend approximately 45 minutes answering Question 3 or Question 4,

including planning time.

Marks will be awarded in the following areas:

Breadth: selecting a range of aspects of biology from different parts of your AS and A2

course which are relevant to the question. (up to 6 marks)

Depth:developing the aspects you have chosenby including relevant details, examples

and discussion. (up to 8 marks)

Balance:have you answered the question asked? for example, by dealing with the bigger

ideas which lie beneath the wording of the question, such as discussing implications,

weighing up benefits and risks, advantages and disadvantages or the extent to which an

assertion in the question is or is not valid. (up to 6 marks)

Style: coherence, clarity and expression; for example, good use of technical terms,

sentences and paragraphs, and weaving together information and ideas clearly to focus on

the question. (up to 4 marks)

3. While our biological understanding and medical technology may have advancedconsiderably over the last 200 years, the art of balancing bodily fluids has been practised

for centuries.

Blood The fluid of life: Write an essay about the importance of blood and circulatory

systems.

(Total 20 marks)

OR

4. In the absence of enzymes, chemical reactions in organisms would be too slow to sustain

life.

Enzymes The miracle molecules: Write an essay about the structure and functions of

enzymes.

(Total 20 marks)

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Indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your

mind about which question to answer, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate

your new question with a cross ( ).

Chosen question number: Question 3 Question 4

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TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

Q3

orQ4

(Total 20 marks)

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