SMTF Collaboration Meeting

Fermilab

April 29th, 2005Helen Edwards and Nigel Lockyer

Particle Physics Progress 20th Century

Are We Near the Top?

Physicists want a grand View of the Universe

String theorist Burt Ovruthanging from a rope

Evolution of Accelerators

9km/13cm = 69,231 14TeV/80keV = 175,000,000

Technology of accelerators has made huge gains

Superconducting RF Module& Test Facility (SMTF) at Fermilab

Goal: Develop U.S. Capabilities in high gradient and high Q superconducting accelerating structure in support of the International Linear Collider, Proton Driver, RIA, 4th Generation Light Source and other accelerator projects of interest to U.S and the world physics community.

1.3 GHz ILC Cryomodule

4 Cavities US Build

4 Cavities KEK Build

Cold Mass INFN Build

DESY Cryomodule

Some History of SMTF• Collaboration formed before ITRP decision • Goal was SCRF R&D in many areas• After ILC cold decision significant interest by

Fermilab in moving ahead on ILC• DOE & Fermilab interest up in PD after BTEV• GDE input is beginning (Barish)-deliverables• New Director soon (Oddone)-evaluating situation• Evolving goals likely• Setting up process to allow us to make decisions

to achieve goals (Technical+ Institutional Boards)• Good support this year by Fermilab- future bright

Reason for This Meeting

• Original Plan was to meet at SNS – two days• SNS schedule full of reviews now• Needed to bring everyone’s attention to AAC

review May 10-12• Allow input on contents of presentations• Dry Run Wednesday May 4th • Begin to figure out how we accomplish our stated

goals in proposal (IB+TB discussion today)• People need to start identifying areas of interest

and get involved with planning and the work

SMTF CollaborationCollaborating Institutions (21) and their representatives

• Argonne National Laboratory: Kwang-Je Kim • Brookhaven National Laboratory: Ilan Ben-Zvi • Center of Advanced Technology, India: Vinod Sahni • Cornell University: Hasan Padamsee• DESY: Deiter Trines • Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: Robert Kephart• INFN, Pisa : Giorgio Belletini • INFN, Frascati: Sergio Bertolucci• INFN, Milano: Carlo Pagani • Illinois Institute of Technology: Chris White • KEK: Nobu Toge • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: John Byrd• Los Alamos National Laboratory: J. Patrick Kelley • Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Townsend Zwart • Michigan State University: Terry Grimm• Northern Illinois University: Court Bohn • Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Stuart Henderson • Stanford Linear Accelerator Center: Chris Adolphsen• Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility: Swapan Chattopadhaya • University of Pennsylvania: Nigel Lockyer • University of Rochester: Adrian Melissions

Superconducting Module & Test Facility (SM&TF)

SMTF is envisioned as:

• A multi-laboratory collaboration on SRF research & development over a broad range of applications. The synergy of expertise will benefit all SCRF areas.

• A facility where different module types and linac systems can be tested (some with beam).

• An organization that will develop inter-laboratory collaboration (including non-US participation) on cold linac technology, including module development and fabrication.

• The area specific to ILC will be carried out under ILC-Americas direction.

• Fermilab has proposed to host SMTF

Motivations for SM&TF• Several ambitious SCRF accelerator projects being planned in US

Examples: International Linear Collider & FELs, Light sources, RIA, PD

• US needs and the SM&TF will provide:– a facility where different module types & linac systems can be tested (beam)– a collaboration on cold linac technology, module development & fabrication

• SM&TF will allow US to:– Take advantage of advances in technology to extend science goals– Pursue potential of SCRF – Minimize cost of new projects by using most advanced SCRF methods – Build cooperation with industry– Collaborate & compete effectively with Europe and Asia

• Overlap of national experts at one facility allows exchange of ideas and thus unifies US approach to SCRF-compete better and more effective use of resources

• Build collaboration to prepare/plan to host ILC & build ~1/3 of main linac in US (under direction of ILC-Americas Organization)

FNAL

SMTF Organization Chart

Fermilab DirectorateSteve Holmes

Fermilab SMTFSteering Committee

RIA

Ken ShepardWalter Hartung

SMTFCo-Spokesperson: Nigel Lockyer

Co-Spokesperson: Helen Edwards

Technical Advisory BoardChair: Hasan Padamsee

Institutional BoardSMTF Co-Spokespersons

One Representative per InstitutionProject SpokespersonsTechnical Board Chair

Proton Driver

Bill Foster

ILC

Shekhar MishraTor Raubenheimer

CW4th Gen. Light SourcesElectron-Ion Colliders

Electron Coolers

John CorlettLia Merminga

US Institutional Contacts

Name Institution E-mailIlan Ben-Zvi BNL benzvi@bnl.gov

Swapan Chattopadhay JLAB swapan@jlab.org,

Hasan Padamsee Cornell hsp3@cornell.edu,

Stuart Henderson ORNL shenderson@ornl.gov,

Terry Grimm MSU grimm@nscl.msu.edu,

Chris Adolphsen SLAC star@slac.stanford.edu

Townsend Zwart MIT zwart@batespop.lns.mit.edu,

Kwang-Je Kim ANL kwangje@aps.anl.gov,

J. Patrick Kelley LANL jpk@lanl.gov,

John Byrd LBL JMByrd@lbl.gov

Robert Kephart FNAL kephart@fnal.gov,

Court Bohn NIU clbohn@niu.edu,

Nigel Lockyer UPENN lockyer@rutherford.hep.upenn.edu,

Christopher White IIT whitec@iit.edu,

Adrian MelissonosUniversity of Rochester meliss@pas.rochester.edu

David LarbalestierUniversity of Wisconsin larbalestier@engr.wisc.edu

International Institutional Contacts

Dieter Trines DESY dieter.trines@desy.de,

Giorgio Bellettini INFN-Pisa giorgiob@fnal.gov,

Carlo Pagani INFN-Milano carlo.pagani@desy.de,

Sergio Bertolucci INFN-Frascati sergio.bertolucci@lnf.infn.it,

Nobu Toge KEK toge@lcdev.kek.jp,

VC Sahni CAT vcsahni@magnum.barc.ernet.in,

LaboratoryDirectorate

FNAL SCRF Steering Committee Organization Chart

PD R&D Program

W. FosterG. Apollinari

ILC Accelerator R&D Program

S. Mishra H. Carter

Technical Div.

R. Kephart

SMTF Program

H. EdwardsP. Limon

P. Czarapata

Accelerator Div.

R. Dixon

FNAL SCRF Steering Committee

S. Holmes, Chair H. Edwards, Deputy

Associate Director for Accelerators

Particle Physics Div.

J. Strait

Computing Div.

V. White

AAC Charge (Draft)• Fermilab Accelerator Advisory Committee• May 10-12, 2005• Charge • Fermilab has received a proposal for the construction and operation

of a Superconducting Module Test Facility at Fermilab. The associated development and testing program would support the International Linear Collider and Proton Driver R&D programs, both of direct interest to Fermilab, and other superconducting rf based programs of potential interest within the DOE and NSF. Fermilab is currently evaluating this proposal with a goal of forwarding to the funding agencies a specific proposal for support of the ILC and Proton Driver programs. Such a proposal needs to reflect the interests and goals of Fermilab, the collaborating institutions, the ILC Global Design Effort, and the agencies. The May 2005 AAC meeting will concentrate on evaluation of the goals, scope, and planning for the ILC and Proton Driver programs within the SMTF context.

AAC Charge continued• The Fermilab Accelerator Advisory Committee is asked to review, comment

on, and offer recommendations as appropriate with particular attention in the following areas:

• Review the goals of the ILC component of SMTF. As presented do the elements form the basis of a program which will allow the U.S. to establish the technical capabilities in SCRF required to support a bid to host the ILC? Please also consider the following areas and offer comment as appropriate:

• The “deliverables” that the ILC GDE can expect to receive from this program and their projected influence on the ILC design and/or preparations for construction.

• The strategic approach outlined for cryomodule production and testing in view of the existing capabilities within the national laboratories and universities, and the adequacy of the proposed supporting infrastructure and resources.

• The relationship between the SMTF plan and a more comprehensive U.S. industrialization plan in support of ILC construction.

• The role of the photoinjector and its upgrades within the ILC program.

AAC Charge continued

• Review the goals of the Proton Driver component of SMTF. Identify elements that form the core of a program which would allow Fermilab to establish the technical basis required for a construction start near the end of the decade. Comment on the strategic approach outlined and the adequacy of the proposed supporting infrastructure and resources.

• As usual the committee is invited to issue comments or suggestions on any aspect of the programs discussed beyond those specifically included in this charge. It is requested that a concise report responsive to this charge be forwarded to the Fermilab Director by June 17, 2005. Thank you.

AAC Agenda (draft)• Fermilab Accelerator Advisory Committee• May 10-12, 2005• • Executive Session, 30 mins• 9:00-10:45• Welcome and Charge, Steve Holmes, 15 mins• SMTF Proposal and Collaboration Overview, Nigel Lockyer, 30 mins (organization, smtf

Cryomodule Fabrication & HPTF)• Technical Goals of SRF including existing and developing infrastructure of cryomodule

fabrication at the collaborating institutes, Hasan Padamsee (deliverable’s) 30 mins• Discussion + Break 30 mins• ILC (Shekhar Mishra) ( 2.5 hours)

– ILC R&D and ILC Overview (including plans at DESY and KEK) , What are the infrastructure requirements, What are the goals and deliverable, S. Mishra, 30 Mins

– Cavity to Cryo-Module Fabrication Strategy ILC, Harry Carter, 25 mins– RF Power R&D for ILC, Chris Adolphsen, 20 mins– RF Power distribution and Controls Developments, Brian Chase, 15 mins– Control and DAQ infrastructure Status, Dennis Nicklaus, 15 mins– Thoughts on ILC US-Industrialization, W. Funk, 15 mins – Resources & Schedule for ILC, Harry Carter, 20 mins

• Discussion + Break 30 mins

AAC Agenda continued• Proton Driver (Bill Foster) (2 hours)

– Proton Driver R&D Overview, including the infrastructure requirements, cavity fabrication plan and interaction with ILC b=1, Bill Foster, 30 mins

– b < 1 R&D, Giorgio Apollinari 20 mins– RF Power R&D for PD, Dave Wildman, 20 mins– Resources & Schedule for PD, Rich Stanek, 20 mins

• FNPL (Helen Edwards) (1.5 hour)– A0 Photo Injector as an injector for ILC, , 30 mins– A0 Photo Injector Upgrade and the Advanced Accelerator R&D Program, P. Piot ,30 mins– Executive Session

• Cavity and Cryomodule Fabrication and Testing (Harry Carter) (1.5 hours)– MP9 Facility Plans, Tug Arkan, 20 mins– Horizontal and Vertical test stands at MTF, Tom Peterson, 20 mins– BCP Facility @ ANL Status and Plan, Mike Kelley, ANL, 20 mins

• HPTF(Peter Limon) (1.5 hours)– Overview of the HPTF test facility plan, Peter Limon, 30 mins– Cryogenic status and plans, Arkadi, 20 mins– Resources for SMTF: Plan and Status, Paul Czrapata, 20 mins

• Breakout Session as requested by the committee

ILC Goals in Proposal• International Linear Collider (ILC):

– Establish a high gradient, 1.3 GHz cryomodule test area at Fermilab with a high quality pulsed electron beam using an upgraded A0 photo-injector.

– Establish a factory with infrastructure for the assembly of prototype cryomodules using cavities produced at collaborating institutions and industries.

– Fabricate 1.3 GHz high gradient prototype cryomodules in collaboration with laboratories, universities and US industrial partners. Test cryomodules and other RF components as fabrication and operational experience are acquired and designs are optimized.

– Demonstrate 1.3 GHz cavity operation at 35 MV/m with beam currents up to 10 mA at a ½ % duty factor. Higher currents or duty factors may be explored if the need arises, but are beyond the present scope of the proposal.

– Develop the capability to reliably fabricate high gradient and high-Q SRF cavities in U.S. industry.

Proton Driver Goals Proposal

• Proton Driver (PD) Low Beta (b < 1) Cavity Program – Fabricate test structures and cryomodules for Proton Driver

applications.– Establish an area for high power, 325 MHz, RF testing of b < 1

accelerator structures in pulsed mode (~1% duty factor).– Demonstrate operation at 27 MV/m with beam currents up to 8

mA at ¾ % duty factor. Higher currents or duty factors may be explored if the need arises, but are beyond the present scope considered in this proposal.

– The Proton Driver also uses b=1, 1.3 GHz cavities cryomodules that would be nearly identical to those for the ILC. There would be a significant overlap in ILC and PD R&D activities in this area.

CW Goals Proposal

• CW:– Fabricate the highest attainable Q-value

cryomodules with emphasis on accelerator and deflecting cavities.

– Establish a test area with pulsed beam availability that will extend the reach of the present U.S. program in CW capabilities. This area will make use of the b=1 pulsed test beam. Possible low current CW beams may be considered in the future (high current CW beams are available elsewhere).

– Demonstrate 20 MV/m CW cavity operation with Q values of ~ 3x1010 for light source applications, with associated RF controls.

RIA Goals Proposal

• Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) Production Facility:

– Clean and cold-test individual cavities after chemical processing.

– Clean and assemble cavities into cavity strings, forming a sealed unit including RF couplers, beam line valves, and vacuum manifold and valves.

– Assemble cryomodules incorporating the cavity strings.

– Cold test and high power test assembled cryomodules.

Accelerator Physics Goals

• Accelerator Physics and SRF R&D– Construct and operate an improved photo-injector

that would provide beam for the b = 1 and CW module tests and be the centerpiece of continuing beam physics program for understanding and improving all types of facilities based on electron linacs, and the training of accelerator scientists.

– Begin a program of R&D on high-gradient and high-Q SRF cavity design and construction.

– Establish a program of SRF material research to improve cavity performance.

Cost• The proposal presented in the following sections outlines an R&D program for the

next 8 years including cost and schedules (FY05-FY12). The budget has been planned with the understanding that the infrastructure, ILC and PD components and operation is managed by Fermilab. The component budget for RIA and CW areas are the responsibilities of the lead laboratories for these projects. The budget has been divided into the SMTF infrastructure part, the component parts for the four proposed areas and the operation of the facility. The operations budget includes support for training young scientists and engineers, who will be essential for the next generation of accelerators. The budget estimates are $23M for the infrastructure, $18M for the International Linear Collider, $6M for Injector Upgrades, $16M for Proton Driver, $2M for Rare Isotope Accelerator cavity testing, $9M for CW cavity research and finally, $22M for operations over a 8 year period.The requested M&S funds is $96M. Contingency has been estimated to be 10% on the operational costs and 25% on all other M&S costs for a total estimated contingency of $20M. The total requested fund is $116M. The estimated personel for SMTF infrastructure is 149 FTE-years, 622 FTE-years for operations, 80 FTE-years for ILC, 30 FTE-years for the injector, 26 FTE-years for CW, 7 FTE-years for RIA, and 88 FTE-years for proton driver. The estimated FTE-years needed over all areas and operations is ~1000. The total budget includes the RIA hardware budget and FTE requested from SMTF at Fermilab. The RIA specific cost, such as the cost of cryomodules etc., is not included in the SMTF total budget.

Research Projects &Priorities

• Each of the 4 projects within SMTF needs to begin writing down their plan. Hasan will lead discussion how that process will proceed.

Summary

• Progess is being made on several fronts from just 6 months ago

• We need a better definition of what we are doing, how we are doing it, and who is doing it.

• Lets start that discussion.

Tie ILC Goals to ILC-TRC Report

• From Chapter 9 of Summary of R&D Work that Remains to Be Done for Individual Machines or Collectively for All Machines ILC-TRC/2003 Report

• Greg Loew (Chair) et al. http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/ilc-trc/2002/2002/report/03rep.htm

R1

• The feasibility demonstration of the TESLA energy upgrade to about 800 GeV requires that a cryomodule be assembled and tested at the design gradient of 35 MV/m. The test should prove that the quench rates and breakdowns, including couplers, are commensurate with the operational expectations. It should also show that dark currents at the design gradient are manageable, whcih means that several cavities should be assembled together in the cryomodule. Tests with electropolished cavities assembled in a cryomodule are foreseen in 2003.

R2• To finalize the design choices and evaluate reliability issues

it is important to fully test the basic building blocks of the linac. For TESLA, this means several cryomodules installed in their future machine environment, with all auxiliaries running, like pumps, controls, etc. The test should as much as possible simulate realistic machine operating conditions, with the proposed klystron, power distribution system and with beam. The cavities must be equipped with their final HOM couplers, and their relative alignment must be shown to be within requirements. The cryomodules must be run at or above their nominal field for long enough periods to realistically evaluate their quench and breakdown rates.

• A sufficiently detailed prototype of the main linac module (girder or cryomodule with quadrupole) must be developed to provide information about on-girder sources of vibration.

R3 • Improvements in the low level RF systems design is needed. The

system is quite complicated and critical, with many functions (field control, feedback, piezo feedforward, interlocks, fault management) and requires very specialized expertise.

• There must be long-term testing of rf cryomodules to precisely evaluate weaknesses before large scale series production begins.

• long-term testing of multi-beam klystrons is required to quantify their lifetime and MTBF

• For the TESLA upgrade 800 GeV option, the capability of rf components (circulators, phase shifters etc) to handle a higher rf power must be demonstrated.

• Improvements (TESLA) of the source lasers are needed to improve its stability. beam klystrons is required to quantify their lifetime and MTBF

• The dark currents at the nominal operating field should be precisely evaluated.

R4

• Understanding of gradient limits with electro-polished cavities is of great interest for TESLA, especially the 800 GeV upgrade. Studies must continue in this direction, in collaboration with other institutes and universities.

• Several alternatives or complementary solutions are proposed for the TESLA rf distribution system. They should be tested and evaluated in the long term.

• The study of polarized rf photcathode guns should be encouraged.