smoke and no mirrors · • ma smoke control system with manual intervention smoke control system...

Smoke and No Mirrors The ACTIONAIR guide to smoke control dampers

- Peter Faruqi – National Sales Manager - ACTIONAIR- Swegon

Introduction to ACTIONAIR

• Our “Smoke and Fire” product line

• Manufactured in the UK for over 45 years

• Market leading fire, smoke & air control products

• All products meet the latest European Standards & Regulations.

• Our on-going research and development ensures our customers expectations and requirements are completely satisfied

• Swegon are here to support from the earliest stages of specification through to installation, commissioning and maintenance of ACTIONAIR products

How we work…

Knowledge Controls and dampers

Collaboration on site

Safe buildings!

We are here every step of the way

Delivery Installation & Commissioning

Operation

Selectionsoftware

Wide productchoice

Local Salesand Technical

Teams

Service Organisation

Helpdesk and Support

Specification & Design

Project ReferencesPROJECT REFERENCE LOCATION

• Ten Trinity Square London

• Bridge Theatre London

• Uxmouth Power Station UK

• Aboyne Hospital Aberdeenshire

• St James Hospital Dublin

• Edwardian Hotel London

• Queen Elizabeth Hospital Manchester

• Dalkeith Shopping CentreBournemouth

• Altnagelvin Hospital Derry

• Stansted Airport London

• Liverpool University Liverpool

• Heartlands Hospital Birmingham

• Windsor Office Development London

• Microsoft European H.Q. Dublin

• Great Ormond Street London

• National History Museum London

• Battersea Power Station London

PROJECT REFERENCE LOCATION

• Spire Hospital Manchester

• British Museum London

• One Crown Place Dublin

• John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford

• Finsbury Square (Office Block) London

• Prince Philip Hospital Leeds

• R.A.F. Mildenhall Suffolk

• 140 Aldersgate (Office Block) London

• Queen Elizabeth Hospital Gateshead

• Dexia Luxembourg

• UCC Medical Nursing Cork

• Royal Victory Hospital Belfast

• Western Hospital Scotland

• University Hospital Southampton

• Medway Maritime Hospital Kent

Learning outcomes

• Today we will cover…

• Why smoke control is important

• Overview of Smoke Control Dampers (compared to fire dampers)

• Smoke Control Damper classifications

• Look at strategies and best practice

Key fire and smoke terminology

• Compartmentation is…

• Keeping the fire and smoke limited to one part of a building

• Cause and effect is…

• Which dampers open

• Which dampers close

• Some of these dampers will be fire dampers, some smoke dampers

• Details hot/cold smoke extraction

• The wider cause and effect may include AOVs, fans and fire doors

Why Smoke Control?

Our industry understands better than most that it is not the fire that kills, but smoke.

• Grenfell Tower - shock waves through the building services industry.

• Under the radar … until disaster

…Smoke is the #1 Killer in UK Fires.

Table Source: Home Office Incident Recording System / https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/fire-statisticsContact: [email protected]

38%

25%

16%

20%Overcome by gas or smokeBurnsBurns and overcome by gas or smokeOther/Unspecified

The drive towards compliance….

• Product Standard BS EN12101-8

• Classification Standard BS EN13501-4

• Test Standard BS EN1366-10

• First published April 2011

• Widely used in Europe for smoke control

• UK had previously favoured fail-safe closed actuators, part 10 uses drive open/drive closed.

• Post-Grenfell fire, industry re-focusing on standards and applications.

Fire Dampers (MSFD or FD)

Fire damper function is to maintain compartmentation

• Fire dampers to be CE marked to BS EN 15650

• Tested to BS EN 1366-2

• Classified to BS EN 13501-3

Fire Dampers

✓ have thermal release mechanism at 72*C

✓ fail safe-close

✓ have fire resistance in closed position

✓ have known leakage characteristics (determining classification ‘E’ or ‘ES’)

Smoke Control Dampers (MSD)

Smoke control damper function is to contain/maintain an extraction path for smoke.

• The CE marked to BS EN 12101-8

• Tested to BS EN 1366-2 and BS EN1366-10

• Classified to BS EN 13501-4

Smoke control dampers:

✓Drive to open or closed position < 60 seconds

✓Maintain their position – non-fail safe

✓ Have known leakage characteristics

✓Maintain free area in open position at standard or elevated temperatures

Typical Application

Closed

Open

Fire resistant walls

Single compartment

Multi compartment

Multi compartment

Basement levels

Extract fan

Typical classification

E90(vew i↔o)S1000C10000AAmulti

• E90 = “integrity” fulfilled 90 minutes

• vew= installation in/on the duct running through vertical supporting construction

• i↔o = i – fire from inner to outer side, o – fire from outer to inner side

• S = tightnes against smoke spread – penetration < 200 m3/(hm2)

• 1000 = test by 1000 Pa pressure differential

• C10 000 = 10 000 cycles test open – close before fire test

• AA = automatic activation

• Multi = multi compartment usage

E

EI

120

90

60

30

Cmod

C10000

C300

Hod

How

Hodw

I -> O

O <- I

I <->O

*S

*S = (200m3/h/m2

1500 (500)

1000 (300)

500 (150)

Ved

Vew

Vedw

MA

AA

Multi

Single

Hot

E 120 Vedw Hodw I<->O S 1500 Cmod Hot400/30 MA multi

E = Integrity (30,60,90,120)

I = Insulation rating (30,60,90,120

Classification Breakdown

E

EI

120

90

60

30

Cmod

C10000

C300

Hod

How

Hodw

I -> O

O <- I

I <->O

*S

*S = (200m3/h/m2

1500 (500)

1000 (300)

500 (150)

Ved

Vew

Vedw

MA

AA

Multi

Single

Hot


Ve = Vertical (d=duct w=wall dw=duct and wall)

Ho = Horizontal (d=duct w=wall dw=duct and wall)


E

EI

120

90

60

30

Cmod

C10000

C300

Hod

How

Hodw

I -> O

O <- I

I <->O

*S

*S = (200m3/h/m2

1500 (500)

1000 (300)

500 (150)

Ved

Vew

Vedw

MA

AA

Multi

Single

Hot


“i→o”, “i ←o” and “i ↔o”,

Indicates that the performance criteria are satisfied from inside to outside (fire inside), outside to inside (fire

outside) or both, respectively.


E

EI

120

90

60

30

Cmod

C10000

C300

Hod

How

Hodw

I -> O

O <- I

I <->O

*S

*S = (200m3/h/m2

1500 (500)

1000 (300)

500 (150)

Ved

Vew

Vedw

MA

AA

Multi

Single

Hot


S = Smoke leakage


E

EI

120

90

60

30

Cmod

C10000

C300

Hod

How

Hodw

I -> O

O <- I

I <->O

*S

*S = (200m3/h/m2

1500 (500)

1000 (300)

500 (150)

Ved

Vew

Vedw

MA

AA

Multi

Single

Hot


“500”, “1 000” or “1 500” = Pressure level selected for a negative pressure during the test.


E

EI

120

90

60

30

Cmod

C10000

C300

Hod

How

Hodw

I -> O

O <- I

I <->O

*S

*S = (200m3/h/m2

1500 (500)

1000 (300)

500 (150)

Ved

Vew

Vedw

MA

AA

Multi

Single

Hot


“C300”, “C10000” or “Cmod” indicates the suitability of the damper for use in smoke control only systems,

combined smoke control and environmental systems, or modulating dampers used in combined smoke

control and environmental systems, respectively.


E

EI

120

90

60

30

Cmod

C10000

C300

Hod

How

Hodw

I -> O

O <- I

I <->O

*S

*S = (200m3/h/m2

1500 (500)

1000 (300)

500 (150)

Ved

Vew

Vedw

MA

AA

Multi

Single

Hot


We will now look at the last three parts of the classification in more detail!


Hot 400/30

The test to achieve this part of the classification involves cycling the damper whilst the damper is under elevated temperature

• The test is 60 minutes long

• The damper is cycled every 150 seconds for the first 30 minutes rising from ambient to 400 degrees within 7 minutes.

• After 30 minutes the damper is to remains open for the duration of the test and the time temperature curve goes back to the standard time temperature curve. (38 minutes - 877°C, ending at 60 minutes - 945°C)

• Passing only the Hot400/30 test does NOT mean a damper is 1366-10

AA / MA

Typically we use AA dampers in the UK for cold smoke clearance…

• AA Smoke control system with automatic activation smoke control system (smoke and heat exhaust ventilation type or pressure differential type), that operates automatically on receipt of a smoke or fire alarm without any manual action/intervention NOTE systems with an attended control room classed as an automatic system.

• MA Smoke control system with manual intervention smoke control system (smoke and heat exhaust ventilation type or pressurization type), that will be put into manual operation, on detection smoke or fire. This is instigated with human intervention leading to a sequence of automatic actions.

• For most applications, we recommend using an AA system with dedicated damper control panel

Multi / Single

Single compartment smoke control damper :

“smoke control dampers for use in single

compartment areas, which may be associated with

smoke control duct tested according to EN1366-9

and/or may be installed in an external wall, floor or

roof [ceiling]“

Multi compartment fire resisting smoke control

damper: “smoke control dampers for use in multi

compartment areas, which may be associated with

smoke control duct tested according to EN1366-8

and/or may be installed within or on the face of a

fire compartment structure"

Closed

Open

Single compartment

Single compartment

Multi compartment

Multi compartment


Extract

Typical basement smoke extract example

• Application is for smoke clearance from a basement –common in central London.

• Controlled by dedicated panel which will control the behavior of the damper

• Provide route for extracting smoke

Closed

Open


Extract

A B

C D

EF

Damper Control Panel

• Activity: Label suitable damper, single/mutli, AA or MA?

• A: SINGLE

• B: MULTI

• C: MULTI

• D: MULTI

• E: MULTI

• F: SINGLEClosed

Open


Extract

A B

C D

EF



• Activity: Label suitable damper, single/mutli, AA or MA?

• Dampers should be of AA type activation

Closed

Open


Extract

A B

C D

EF



• The rules governing which dampers open/close and how they are controlled is detailed in the cause and effect…

• In the event of a fire here…

• Which dampers should open/close?

Closed

Open


Extract

A B

C D

EF



Closed

Open


Extract

A B

C D

EF



• The rules governing which dampers open/close and how they are controlled is detailed in the cause and effect…

• In the event of a fire here…

• Which dampers should open/close?

Cause and effect

• The building is divided into zones

Cause and effect

• These zones are normally then mapped into a spreadsheet –which is used by all parties to ensure a joined-up controls strategy across fire alarm, damper, AHU/extract fans and the BMS

• Used by panel manufacturer to add controls logic to the panel

Controls

• Life safety product, with a <10s reaction time

• Thermal protection of devices and networks is paramount in event of fire

• There are numerous devices involved in the actuation of dampers

• Damper

• SDI decoder interface

• Cabling

• Damper Control Panel

• Benefits of using a dedicated damper control panel manufacturer

• Capable of complex ‘Cause and Effect’

• Integration into BMS systems

• Scheduled damper testing and status alerts

BESA DW145 Guidelines

• Important aspects of FSD installations including

• Responsibility of all parties involved in the overall sequence from system specification through to compliant installation.

• Emphasis is placed on all parties to work as a team.

• DW145 indicates particular responsibilities that are allocated on a project specific basis.

RIBA Plan of Works Stages – how can we apply this to Smoke Control

RIBA Stage 2 -concept design

Building designed into

zones - engage specialist

manufacturer

RIBA Stage 3 -developed

design

Draft cause and effect

strategy for dampers

RIBA Stage 4 -Detailed design

Specify correct dampers

according to cause and

effect

RIBA Stage 5 –Construction

Engage with building

control and specialists on

site

RIBA Stage 6 -Handover

Utilise specialist

manufacturers to support

commissioning

Conclusion

• Design your cause and effect early to outline cause and effect –then specify dampers, controls and actuators accordingly

• Take note of the ductwork specification 1366-8

• Smoke control is about providing a path for extracting smoke

• Recommended you use a dedicated controls system

• Make sure you use Multi Compartment vs Single Compartment dampers correctly

• A joined up approach – start to finish – key to executing the strategy

Any Questions?

Feel free to contact me…SePeter FaruqiT: 07710601525E: [email protected]: www.swegon.com/actionair

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.swegon.com/actionair

smoke and no mirrors · • ma smoke control system with manual intervention smoke control system...

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