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Biography of Henry Martyn, Anglican priest and early missionary to Muslims in India and Persia.

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HENRYMARTYNSAINT AND SCHOLARFIRST TO THE 1781-1812BVGEORGE 5,111'11, CI.E., LL.D. let me burnoutfor()O&.WITII PORTRAIT AND ILLUSTRATIONSFLEMINGH, REVElLCOMPANY.p.;i!:WYORK: I IOU.c;subjectsI., . , W11 eIt 's alsofull f h' ,lusiness of the m' ' . 0 t IS "nportant.1rna"e My' I .think [.'lr rna b' b' mcInatlOn continues Ire un lassed than when I wrote to r.'1r.jUl/e 7-0h,the subtlety of th d '1fulness of this corruJlt d h ,e eVI, and the deceit-. e cart Howh 'd I"nperceptiblyraised " . ..15an I 0 beenI . . upmIt. Someth,n"II f 0tlIS evening- ;"l(yai . b e rom r. F.o . n., my marnatlmplion and earlydeath, is even more remarkableintheirhopde!iS but purifying love. UraincrdW3Sengaged to Jerusha,dauchter of the great Jonathan Edwarus.I DearJerush.3., arcyouwilling to part with me!'SJid the d)'ingonOctober 4, 1747 ... 'If Ithought I shouldnot secyouJnd be h:lppywithyouin:mother worhl, I coulll not hCJfto part with you. But we sh:t11,penda happyeterniIY.logethcr!' SeeJ.Sherwood'sedilion(il:;SS) oftheMem"irs 0/ Rro. David Brainerd, prefacedby Jonath:m}O.:d ..... ards.0.0.,p. 34092 HENRYMARTYN LYDIA GRENFELL93withChristian resolution. At TregemboI \carnt he hadbeen called off by express last night. The effect thisintelligence hadonmeshowshowmuch myaffections arcengaged. a Lord, I lament it, I wonder at myself, Itremble atwhat maybe before me-but do not, aLord,forsake me. The idea of his going, when at parting Ibehavedwithgreater coolnessand reserve than Iever didbefore, was a distress I could hardly bear, and I prayedtheLordtoafford me an opportunity of doing away theimpressionfromhis mind. Isawno possibilityofthis-imagining the fleet must have sailed-when, to myastonishment, I learnt fromourservant that hehadcalledagainthis evening, and left amessage that he would behereto-morrow. Oh, I feel less able thanever toconcealmyreal sentiments, c.nd the necessityofdoing- it docs notso much weigh with me_ amy soul, pause, reflect-th)'futurehappiness, andhis too, the gloryof God, the peaceof mydear mother-all arc concerned in what maypassto-morrow; I can only look and pray to be directedaright.AugustkveItotestify of supporting- g-raeethis day, and of what Imust considerDivineinterferenceinmyfavour, andthat of mydearfriend, whoisnowgoneto return no more. My affections arc engaged past re-calling, and the anguish I endured yesterday, from anapprehensionthat Ihad treatedhim withcoolness, exceedsmypowertoexpress; but Godsawit, and kindlyorderedit that he should come and do awaythe idea from mymind. It contributedlikewise tomypeace, andIhopetohis, that it is clearlynowunderstood between us that heis freetomarrywhere he is going, and I have felt quiteresignedtothewill of Godinthis, andshalloftenpray theLordtofindhimasuitablepartner.\Vent to meeting in a comfortable frame, but theintellig-encebrought me there-that theAeet harl probablysailedwithout my friend-sodistressed and distractedmyf,.mind, that Iwould gladlyhave exchang-ed myfeelings ofyesterday for those I was now exe,cised with; yet inprayer I found relief, and in appealing to God. Howunsought bymewashis corning here. Istill felt anxietybeyondall expressiontohear ifhe arrived in time or not.Oh, notforall the worldcouldoffer mewouldIhe shouldlosehis passage !-yet stay, my soul, recollect thysclf, arcnot all events at theLord's disposal? Are not the stepsof a good man ordered by the Lord! Cast then thisburdenon II im\vhocarest for thee, mysoul. Oh, let notThyname, great God, be blasphemed throughus -surelywe desiretoglorifyitabove all things, andwouldsacrificeeverything todoso; enter then mymind this night, andletmeineverydarkprovidencetrust intheLord.August J I.-Aday ofsingular mercie;. a mysoul,how shouldtheincreasing goodness of Godengagethee toserveHim withmorezeal andardour. I had a comfortableseasoninprayerbeforebreakfast, enjoyingsweet liberty ofspirit beforeGod mySaviour, God, the sinner'sfriendandhelper. Went to church, but could get no comfort fromthe sermon; theserviceIfoundinsomeparts quickening.OnmyreturnI found a letter from myexcellent friend,dated on board the Union. Oh, what a relief to mymind! Byasingular providence thisshipwas preventedsailing by getting entangled in the chain; every otherbelonging to the fleet was underweigh when he reachedFalmouth,andhisfriends therehadgivenoverthehope ofhisarriving intime, Dothnot God care for His people,andorder everything, eventhemost trifling, that concernsthem! Thefleet must notsail till themanof Godjoinedit ;-praisedbethename of the Lord for this instance ofHis watchful care. And now, mysoul, turn to God, thyrest. Oh, maytheremembrance of mydearfriend, whilstitis cherishedasitought, benohindranceto myprogressin grace and holiness. MayGod alone fill mythoughts,andmay myregard for myfriend be sanctified, and be a94 HENRYMARTYNLYDIA GRENFELL95means ofstimulating metopressforward, andanimate mein devoting myself entirely to God. Lord, I would un-feignedlyadore Thee for all the instances ofThylovingkindnesstome thisweek. I have had manyremarkableanswers to prayer, many proofs that the Lord watchesover me, unworthyas Iam. 0 DivineSavinur, howshallI praise Thee? Walked thiseveningtoalittlemeeting atThirton Wood. I was greatly refreshed and comforted. Oh,what a support in time of trouble is the Lord God ofIsrael! I amabout retiringto rest-ohl may mythoughtsuponmybedbesolemnandspiritual. The remembranceof mydearfriend isat timesattendedwith feelings mostpainful, and yet, when I consider why he is gone, andWhomheisserving, everyburdenis removed, andIrejoiceonhisaccount, andrejoicethat the Lord hassuch af.1ithfulservant employed in the work. Oh, may I find gracetriumphant over everyfeeling of my heart. Come, LordJesus, anddwell withme.A ugust 12.- Passed a sweet, peaceful day,enjoying muchofHis presence whose favourgivethlife, and joy, andpeace.Visitcd several of thepoor ncarme, and found abilitytospeak freelyandfeelingly to them of thestate of their souls.My dear absent friend is constantly remembered byme,but [findnot hisremembrancea hindrancetomy soul infollowingafter God-no, ratherdoesit stimulatemein mycourse. Thus hath the Lord answered myprayers, as itrespectsmyself, that ourregard might beasanctified one.Oh, bless the Lord, my soul, for ever! praiseHimin cheerfullaysfromdaytoday, andhopeeternallytodoso.A IIgust 13-- Awoke early and had a happy season.Visited a poor old man in great pO\'erty, whose mindseemed disposedto receive instruction, andin somemeasureenlightenedtoknowhissinful stateandneedof Christ; Ifoundita good timewhilst with him. This evening myspirits are depressed; myabsent friend is present to myremembrance, possessing morethan common senSibility and tI(affection. What must his sufferings be?but God is sufficientfor him. Hethat careth for the falling sparrowwill notforget him-thisismynever-failingsource of consolation.August 15.-My soul has beencold in duties to.day.Oh, for the spirit ofdevotion! Great arcthethingsGodhaswroughtfor me; oh, let these greatthingssuitablyim-pressmysoul. Ihave hadmany painful reAections to-dayrespectingmyabsent friend, fearingwhether I maynot bethe occasion of much sorrow to him and possibly ofhinderinghiminthework. I couldnot dosuchviolencetomyfeelings as to treat himwith reserveand distance,yet, inhis circumstances, I think I ought to. 0 Lord, ifin this I have offended, forgive me, and oh, do awayfromhismindeveryimproper remembranceofme. Helpmeto cast mycares on Theeto-night, and help me withpeace.Marasion, September 2.-Mymindhas beenexercisedwith manypainful anxieties about mydear friend, but Ihavepouredout my soul toGod, andamrelieved; Ihaveleft my sorrows with Him. Isaiah (41st chapter) hascomfortedme. Oh, whatpleasuredidthat permission giveme when myheart was overburdened to-day. 'Produceyour cause '-what oil privilege to cometoGod asafriend.IdisclosethosefeelingstoHimIhavennpower to toanyearthlyfriend. ThoseIcouldsaymost to seemto avoidthesubject that occupies mymind; Ihave beenwoundedbytheirsilence, yet Ido not imagine themindifferent orunconcerned. It is well for methey haveseemedtobeso,for it hasmadememorefrequent at athroneof grace, andbrought me more acquainted with God as a friendwhowill hear all mycomplaints. Oh, howsweetto approachHim, throughChrist, asmy God. 'Fearnot,' He says, . forIamwith you: benot dismayed, I amthy God, [ willstrengthen thee, yea (0 blessed assurance I) I will helpthee, yea, I will uphold theewith the right hand of Myrighteousness;' andsoI findit-glorybetoGod I Lord,HENRYMARTYN97hear the frequent prayers I offer for Thydear servant,sanctifyour mutual regard; may it continue through eternity,Rowing fromourloveto Thee.September 3.-Still no letters from Stoke, and nointelligencewhethertheReet has sailed-this is no smallexercise of my patience, but at times I feel a sweetcomplacencyinsaying, ' Thou art m)" portion, 0 Lord.' Ihaveoftenfelt happyin saying this, but it is in a seasonsuch as this, whencreaturecomfortsfail, that wemay knowwhether we are sincere in saying so. Ah! how do weimperceptibly cleave to earth, and how soon withdrawour affectionsfrom God. IamsensibleminewouldneverfixonHimbut byHis own powereffectingit. I rest onThypower, 0 Godmost high, retired fromhumanobser-vation.Whenthe commodore opened hissealeddespatchesoffthe Lizard, it was found that the flect was to linger,tilllongcr at Cork, whencc Henry Martyn wrote again toLydia's sister, Mrs. Hitchins. OnSunday, whenbecalmcdinMount'sBay, andhcwouldhavegiven anythingtohavcbeenashorepreaching at Marazion or St. Hilary, he hadtakenfor his text Hebrews xi. 16: ' But now theydesireabetter country, thatis, anheavenly.'CorkHarhour: August 19, 1805.The belovedobjects were still in sight, and Lydia Ikncwwas about that timc at St. Hilary, hut evcrywaveborcme fartherandfartherfromthem. Iintroduced whatIhad tosaybyobserving thatwe had nnwhid adicu toEngland, and its shores were dyingawayfromthe view.Thefcmalepart of myaudienccwcremuchaffected, but Ido not knowthat any were induced to seck the bettercnuntry. The Mount continued in sight till fi"e o'clock,whenitdisappeared behind the western boundary ofthebay. Amidst the extremegloomof mymind this day Ifoundgreat comfort ininterceding earnestly formy bclovcc.lfriends all over England.. If you have hcardfromMarazionsinceSunday, I should becurioustoknow whetherthe Reetwasobservedpassing....We arcnow inthemidst 01a vast number of transportsfilledwithtroops. It isnowcertainfromour comingherethatwearc tojoininsomeexpedition, probablytheCapeof Good l'lope, or the Brazils; anywhcrefor me '0long a,theLordgoeswith me. If it sh(,uld please Godto sendme anotherletterfromyou, whichIscarcelydarehope, donot forget totell meas muchasyoucan about Lydia. Icannot writetoher, or Ishouldfindthegreatest relief andpleasure evenintransmitting: uponpapertheassurances ofmytenderestlove.Cove of Cork: AUj;ust 28, 1805.My dearest Cousin,-I have but a few minutes tosaythat weare again going to sea-under convoy of fivemen of war. Veryanxiously have I been expecting toreceive an answer to the letter Isent you on myarrivalatthisporl, bearingdateAugust 16; fromthemannerinwhichIhadit conveyedto thepost-office, [ beginto fearit hasnever reachedyou. I havethisinstantreceived theletter you wrote me the day on which we sailed fromFalmouth. Everything fromyou gives me thegreateslpleasure, but this letter has rather tended to excitesentiments of pain as well as pleasure. I fear my pro-ceedings have met with your disapprobation, and havetherefore been wrong-sinceit ismore probable youshouldjudgeimpartiallythanmyselfI amnowfully of opinion that, were I convinced ofthe expediency of marriage, Iought not in conscience topropo'e it, whiletheobstacle ofS. J. remains. Whale,"erothers have said, I think that Lydia acts no more thancom;istently bypersevering in her l'rc:;ent t.HENRYMARTYNtohave preached to them. At this moment Mr. Marshmanarrived, andmysoulexultedthat thetruthwould nowbemade known. He addressed the Brahmins with a fewquestions about the god;they seemed to be all agreedwithMr. Marshman, andquite ashamed at being interro-gated, when theyknewtheycould giveno answer. Theywere at least mute, and \\'Guld not reply; ano when hecontinued speaking they stluck upagain with their de-testablemusic, andsosilenced him. Wewalked awayinsorrow, butthescenewehadwitnessedgaverise toaveryprofitable conversation, whichlasted some hours. Marsh-maninconversationwith me aloorsketched outwhat hethoughtwouldbethemost useful planformetupursueinIndia; whichwouldbe tostayinCalcuttaayearto learnthelanguage, andwhenIwent upthecountrytotake oneor two native brethrenwith me, to send themforth, andpreachoccasionallyonlytoconfirmtheirword, to establishschools, andvisit them. He said I should do far moregood in the way of influence than merely by actualpreaching. After all, whatever God may appoint, prayeris the great thing. Oh, that I maybeamanof prayer;my spirit still struggles for deliverance from all mycorruptions.May22.-Inour walk at sunset, met Mr. Marshman,with whom I continued talking about the languages.TellingMr. Brown about myCambridge honours, Ifoundmypride stirred, and bitterly repented havingsaid any-thingabout it. Surelythe increase of humilityneed notbeneglectedwhensilencemay doit_A1ay 23.-Was in general in a spiritual, happyframethewhole day, which I cannot but ascribe to mybeingmore diligentand frequent inprayer over the Scriptures,so thatitistheneglectof this dutythat keepsmysoulsolow. Began the Bengali grammar,and got on consider-ably. Continued my letters to Mr. Simeon and Emma.,\ tweil c:onfl'rcncc of the missionaries onCALCUTTA ANDSERAMI'ORE, 1806this subject: Whether God could save sinners withoutthe death of Christ.' Messrs. Carey, :vIarshman, and\Vardspoke, Mr. Brown and myself. I offered what might besaidontheoppositeside of thequestiontothat whichtherest took, toshowthat Hemight bave savedthemwithoutChrist. About fourtccn of the Bengali brethren wereprcsent andspoke onthcsubject. RamRoteenprayed.Monday, May 26.--Went up to Serampore with Mr.Brown, withwhom [ had much enlivening convcrsation.\Vhycannot I be likc Fletcher and Brainerd,and thosemen of modern times? Is anything too hard for theLord? Cannotmystupid stonyheart be made to flamewithlove and zeal? What isitthat bewitchesme, that Ilivesuchadying-life? Mysoulgroansunderitsbondage.Inthe evening Marshmancalled; I walkedbackwithhim,andwas not a little offended at hisspeaking against theuse ofa liturgy. I returned full of grief. at tho offenceswhichariseamongst men, anddetermined to be more alonewiththeblessedGod.May 29.-Had some conversativn with Marshmanalone on tbe prospects oftheGospel inthis country, andthe state of religion in our hearts, forwhich I felt moreanxious. Notwithstanding, I endeavouredtoguardagainstprating only to display my experience; I found myselfsomewhat rufflcd by the conversation, and derivcd nobenefit fromit, hut felt desirous olllyto getawayfromtheworld, andto cease frommcn; mypridewasalittle hurtbyMarshman's questioningme asthemcrest novice. Heprobablyseesfartherintomethan Iseeintomyself.Jllne 12.-Still exceedingly feeble; endeavoured tothinkonasubject, andwasmuchirritatedat beingunabletowriteaword. Mrs. Brown, and afterwards Mr. Brown,paidme avisit. I camcintothehousctodinner, but \vhilethere Ifelt as if fainting or dying, and indeed really thoughtIwasdcpartingthislifc. I wasbrought backaga.intothepagoda, and then on mybed I began toprayas on the.66HENRYMARTYNCAI.CUTTA ANDSERAMPORE, 1806 167"erge of eternity. The Lord was pleased to. break. myhard heart, anddelivermefromthatsatamc spmt of and arrogant unconcern about which I groaned Qu.t mycomplaint to God. Fromthistime I. lay in tears, .Itll.cr-cedingforthe unfortunate natives of thIS country; thmkmgwithmyself, that the most despised Soodra of India wasof asmuchvalue, inthesight of God, astheKing of GreatBritain: through therest ofthe daymysoul remained ina of contrition.June14.-Apundit came to me thismorning, butafterhavingmypatience triedwithhim, Iwasobliged tosendhimaway, as he knewnothingabout Hmdustanl. IwasexceedinglypuzzledtoknowhowIshouldeverbeahletoacquireanyassistanceinlearning theselanguages. :'Ias!what trials arc awaiting mc. Sickness and the climatehaveincreasedtheirritability of mytemper, andoccasionsof trying it occur constantly. In the afternoon, whilepleading for a contrite tender spirit, but in vain,. I wasouli'Jcotoccase prayingforthat tenderness of SpIrit, andto onto otherpetitions, andbythismeans :va:;broug.httoaffi0restate. Officiatedat eveningworshIp.JUlle Is.-Found my mouth salivat.ed this morningfrom calomel. Attended the morning service at the mISSionhouse; 1\1 ... Marsdon preached. After service MarshmanandCareytalkedwithmeintheusual cheeringwayaboutmi5sionary things, butmymind was dark. In the aft.cr-\loonwasrathermarc comfortable in prayer, and at cvcnlng'worship was assisted to go throughtheduties of it withcheerfulness. Readsome of Whitfield'sSermons.June19.-Roseingloom, but that was soondissipatedby consideration and prayer. Began after. breakfast forthe first time with a moonshi, a Cashmenan Brahmlll,with whomI was much pleased. In the boat, back toSerampore, learning roots. Officiatedat eveningworship.Walked at night with Marshman and Mr. Browntothebazaar held at this time of the year, for the use of thepeople assemblingat Juggernaut. The boothor carriagewas fiftyfeet high, in appearance a woodentemple, withrowsof wheels through the centre of it. By the side orthis anativc brothcrwho attcndcd Marshman gavc awaypapers, andthisgave to disputes, whichcontinuedaconsiderabletimebetweenMarshmanandtheBrahmins.Feltsomewhat hurt at night at --'s insinuatingthat mylowspirits, ashecalledit, was owingtowantof diligence.God help llIe to be free from this charge, and yet notdesirous to makc a showbcrorc mCH. May I walk inS\\'cct and inward communion with Him) labouring withnever.ceasingdiligence and care, andassured that Ishallnot live orlabourinvain.June 24.-Atdaylight left Calcutta, andhadmy tempergreatlyexercisedbythe neglects andimproper behaviourof the servants and boatmen. Arrived at Scrampore ateight, and retired to mypagoda, intending to spend thedayinfastingandprayer; but after aprayer inwhichtheLord helpedmetoreviewwith sorrowthewickedness ofmypast life, I was so overcomewith fatigue that I fellasleep, andthuslostthewholemorning; soI gaveupmyoriginal intention. Passedtheafternoonintranslatingthesecondchapterof SI. Matthewinto Hindustani. Had along conversation at night with whose desirenowisthat IshouldstayatSerampore, givemyself tothestudyof Hindustani forthc sakc of the Scriptures, andbeready to supplythe place of Careyandinthework, shouldthey betakenoff; androranother reason-that Imightawakentheattentionof thepeople of Godin Calcutta more to missionary subjects. I was struckwith the importance of having proper persons here tosupplytheplace of thesetwomen; bllt couldnotseethatit was the pathGod desiglled for me. I felt, however, amostimpatientdesire thatsome of my friendsshould comeoutand givethemselves to thework; forwhichthey arc50 much more fit in point of learning than any of the168 HENRYMARTYN CALCUTTA ANDSERAAfI'OIlE, 180616c}Dissenters are, and could not bear that a work ofsuch,tupendousmagnitudeshouldbe endangeredbytheirneg-lectandlove of theworld. Marshmanrecommendedthatthe serious peopleinCalcutta shoulduniteinasocietyforthe supportof missions, and eachsubscribefiftyrupees amonth for their maintenance. Ten members with thi5subscriptioncouldsupportsixty or seventy nativebrethren.Hewished me alsotosee the dotyof theirall remaininginthecountry, \carningthelanguage,andinstructingtheirservants. Mymindwas so filledand excitedbythe firstpart orOUf conversation, that I could not sleepfor manyhours aftergoingtobed. He toldmethat thepeople weresurfeited with the Gospel, and that they needed to beexhortedto duty.june 2G.-Employed in translating 51. MatthewintoHindustani, and reading Mirza's translation; afterwardshad moonshi a little. In the afternoonwalkedwith Mr.Browntosec Juggernaut's car drawn backtoits pagoda.Many thousands of people were present, rending the airwithacclamations. Thecarwith thetower was decoratedwithavast numberof flags, and theBrahminswere pass-ing to and fro through the different compartments of it,catching the offerings of fruit, cowries, &c., that werethrownupto thegod, for whichthey threwdowninreturnsmall wreaths of flowers, which the people wore roundtheir necks andintheir hair. When the car stopped atthe pagoda, the god and two attending deities were letdownbyropes, muffledupinredcloths, abandof singerswithdrums and cymbals going round the car while thiswas performed. Before the stumps of images, for theywerenot better,some of thepeopleprostratedthemselves,striking the ground twice with their foreheads; this ex-citedmore horror in me than I can well express, and Iwas about tostammer out in Hindustani, 'Whydoyethesethings?' andtopreachtheGospel. The wordswereonmylips-thoughif 1 hauspokenthousanuswouldhavecrowdedroundme, andI shouldnot havebeen understood.However, Ifclt myspirit more inflamedwith zeal than Iever conceivedit wouldbe; and I thought that if I hadwords I would preach tothe multitudesall the day, if Ilost. mylifeforit. Itwas curioushowthewomenclaspedtheIr hands, andliftedthemupasif inthe ecstasy of devo-tIOn, whIle Juggernaut was tumbled about in the mostclumsy manner before their eyes. I thought with SOmesorrow that Satanmay exert the sameinnucnceincxcitinrTbreligiousaffections in professors ofthe III ordertototheir eternal ruin. Dr. Taylol'and Mr. Moore JOIned us, and distributed tracts. Mr.Ward, we heard, was at a distance preaching. On Ourreturn we met Marshman going upon the s:l1nc errand.Ineveningworship myheartwas rather drawnout fortheheathen, andmy soul in general throuf'hthedayenjoyeda cheering sense of Goo's love. Marshman joined usaga.in, our conversation was about supportingsomenativemISSIOns.june 30.-Went up toSerarnpore inthe boat, learningroots. Spent theafternoonchieflyinprayer, ofwhichmysoulstoodgreatlyin need through the snares into whichmyheart had been falling. Calledat the mission-house,and sawMr. Marsdon previous to the commencement ofhismissionarycareer. Nowtheplans of God are, Itrust,taking another stepforward.july2.-;\1r. Brown proposedaprayer meeting betweenourselves and the missionaries previous to the departureof Dr. Taylor for Sural. It was a seasonof grace tomy soul, for some sense of the vast importance of theoccasion dwelt upon my mind in prayer, and I desiredearnestly to live zealously, labouring for souls in every. possible way, with more honestyand openness. In theeveningwenttoMarshman, and proposedit. Therewereat his house many agreeable sights; one pundit wastranslatingScripture into Sanskrit, another intoGuzcrati,'70 HENRYMARTYN CALCUTTA ANDSEliA MPORE, 1806 J71and a table was covered with materials for a Chinesedictionary. Employed with moonshi in Hindu Story-tellef, andinlearningtovaitethePersiancharacters.july3.-Rose with some happiness in my snul, anddelight in the thought ofan increase of labour in theChurch of God. Employed morning as usual, and inthinking offor sermon. Was detained in thehouseat a timewhen Iwanted prayer. In the eveningwalkedwith the familythroui;h Scrampore, the native,part. At nii;ht wehadadelightful spiritual conversation.Thusmytimepasse, most' agreeablyin this dear family.Lc,rd, let mebewilling toleaveit andtheworldwith joy.july S.-Reading with moonshi all the morning.Spenttheafternooninreading and prayer, aspreparatoryto a meetingof the missionaries at night. Ateii;ht, ten()f us met in my pagoda. It was, throughout, a soul-refreshingordinancetome. Ifelt as Iwished, asif havingdone with the world, and standing on the very verge ofheaven, rejoicing at the glorious work which God willaccomplishon the earth. TheLordwill, [hope, hear ourprayers for our dear brother, on whose account we met,previoustohisdeparture for Surat. An idea thrown outby Carey pleased me very much, not on account of itspracticability, but itsgrandeur, I:e. thatthereshouldbe anannual meeting, at the Cape of Good Hope, of all themissionariesintheworld.july 9.'-' Dull andlanguidfromthe exertions and latehours ofyesterday. ReadingtheSermon on the Mount,in the Hindustani Testament, with moonshi. In theeveningwent tothemission-house, drank tea, andattendedtheir worship. These affectionate souls never fail tomentionmeparticularlyintheirprayers, but I amgrievedthat theyso mistake my occa,ional warmth for zeal. Itisone of the thini;sin whichIammost lowandbackward,as the Lord, who seeth in secret, knows too well. Oh,then, mayany who think it worth while to take up mynameintotheirlips, pra)' for thebeginning-rather thanthecontinuance ofzeal' in my walk with him,kindlyassuredme of his great regardandunion ofheanwithme. Iwould that I had more gratitndetoGod, forsoputtingit intothehearts of His peopleto showregardto onesoundeservingof it. At night hadmuchnearnesstoGodinprayer. (foundit sweettomyspirit to reflectonmybeingapilgrimon earth, with Christ for myncaranL! dcar friend, and found myself unwilling to leave off1:1Y JII!), ID.-Employedduringthemorning- withmoonshi.At morning and evening: worship enjoyed freedom of accesstoGodinprayer. Mr. Brown'sreturninthe evening, withanother Christian friend, added greatly to my pleasure.Mar,;hmanjoined usat night, but these enjoyments. frombeingtooeagerly enteredinto, often leavemy soulcarnallydelighted only, instead of me ncarer to Goel.\Vrote sermonat night.July 12.- \lost of this morning employed aboutsermon.Inthearlemoonwent down to Calcutta with Mr. Browllandall hisfamily; we passed the time veryagreeablyinsinging'hymns. FoundEurope letters Oil ourarrival, butwcrcdisappointcdinnot finding Corrie or Parson in thclist of passengers. MyletterswerefromLydia, T. H. andEmma, Mr. Simeon, and Sargent. 1\11 their first lettershad been taken in the Bell Packet. I longed to secLydia's, buttheLorL! sawit good, nodoubt. not to sufferit to arrive. The one I did receive fromher was vcr)'animating, andshowedtheextraordinaryleal andactivit)'of her mind. [1,'1 r. Simeon's letter contained her praises,andevenheseemedtoregret that I hadgone without hcr.My thought, were so occupied with these letters that [couldget little orno sleep.july 13. (Sunday.) - Talked to Mr. Brown aboutLydia, and read her letter to him. He strongly recom-mended the measure ofendeavouring to brin.: her here,172 HENRYMARTYNCALCUTTA A.VIJ SERA MPOR 806 173andwas clear that my future situation in the country wouldbe suchas to make it necessaryto be married. AletterfromSandys, which he opened arterwards, spoke,nthehIghestof her. The subject of marriagewasrevIved mmymmd, but I feel rather a reluctance to it.I enjoy in general such sweet peace of mind fromcon-sidering myself a stranger upon earth,withanypersons, unknown, furgotten, that were I neverthrowninto any mOretrying-circumstancesthanI am in at present,no change couldaddtomy happiness. Atthenewchurchthis morning, had the happiness ofhearing Mr. Jefferiespreach. I trustGodwill graciouslykeephimand instructhim, andmake himanotherwitness of Jesusinthisplace.Myheart was greatlyrefreshed, and rejoiced at it all theday. At night preached at the missionary church onEph. ii. 1-3, to a small congregation. Sat up late Mr. Brown, considering the same subject aswehad oeenconversing on before, and it dwelt so much onmymindthat [got hardlyanysleepthewholenight.July 14-Thesamesubject engrosses my whole thoughts.Mr. Brown'sargumentsappear sostrong that mymind isalmost madeupto sendfor Lydia. I couldscarcelyhaveanyreasonable doubtsremaining, thather presencewouldmost abundantlypromotethe ends of themission.july15-Most of thedaywith moonshi; at intervals,thinkingonsubject for sermon. Myaffectionsseemedtobe growingmorestrongtowards Lydia than I couldwishas I fear my judgment will no longer remain unbiasscd:The subject is constantly on my mind, and imaginationheightenstheadvantages to beobtainedfromher presence.:"'nd on theother hand, thereissuchasweet happiness10 hVlngwith any creature, and hasteningthrough th,shfe WIth not one single attraction todetainmydesires here, thatI am oftenveryunwilling to exchangeahfe ofcehbacyfor one of whichI knownothing, exceptthat itisingeneral alife of carc.July 16.- Morning with rnoonshi; afterwards prepar-ing myself for church. Preached at night, at missionarychurcb, on Isa. Ixiii. l. Both in prayers and sermon Ifelt my heart much moreaffected thanI expected, andthereseemedtobe someimpression on a few of the people. I feeltobethankful toGod, andgrateful tothepeople, thattheycontinueto hearme withsuchattention. My thoughts thisdayhavebeenratheraverse to marriage. Anxietyabouttheeducationand of childrenrather terrifies mc.July 20. (Sunday.)- Preached at the newchurch On2 Cor. v. 17. Mr. Marshman dinedwithus, and at fourIwent to the bazaar, to hear himpreach tothe natives.I arrived at the shed before him, and found the nativebrethren singing, afterwhichone of themgot up. andad-dressedthe people with such firmness and mild energy,notwithstanding their occasional contradictiollS and ridicule,that I was quitedelightedandrefreshed. To secanative[ndian an earnest advocate for Jesus, how precious!lVlarshrnan afterwards came, and prayed, sung', and preached.If I were tohe very severe with him, I should saythatthere is a want of seriousness, tenderness, anddignityinhisaddress, and I felt painedthat he shouldso frequentlyspeak with contempt of the Brahmins, many of whomwerelistening with great respect and attention. The grouppresented all that variety of countenancewhich the \Vordis represented as producingina heathen audience-someinattentive,others scornful, and others seeminglyunderit. AnotherIl:l.tivc brother, I believe, then addressedthem. An I ndian sermon about Jesus Christ was likemusiconmyear, and I felt inflamed to begin mywork:these poor people possess mOre intelligence and feding-than I thought. At the end of the service there was asort of uproarwhenthe papers \\feregiven away, and theattention of the populace and of some Europeans wasexcited. Readprayers at night atthemissionary church;Mr. Brownpreachedontheunspeakablegift.'74HENRYMARTYNCALCUTTA ANDSERAMPORE, 1806 175July21.-Returned toSerampore rather inalowstateof mind, arisio[(fromdeprivation ofa society ofwhich Ihadbeentoofond.July n.-Read Hindustani without moonshi. Nothein[( ableto get tothe pagodafromthe incessant rain, Ipassedthelatterpart of thedayinthe house, reading thelifeof Francis Xavier. I was exceedin[(lyroused at theastonishing example of that great saint, and began toconsider whetherit wasnotmydutytolive, ashe diu,involuntarypovertyandcelihacy. I wasnoteasytill I haddeterminedtofollowthesame course, whenI should per-ceive that the kingdom of God would be more advancedby it. At nig-ht I saw the awful necessity of being nolonger slothful, norwastingmythoughtsabout suchtr'iflesas whether I should be married or not, and felt a greatdegree of fcar, lest the blood of the five thousand Mo-hammedans, who, Mr. Brown said, were to be fuund inCalcutta capable of understandin[( a Hindustani sermon,shouldberequiredat m)' hand..July 25.-The thought of the Mohammedans andheathens liesveryheavyuponmy mind. Theformer, whoarcinCalcutta, I seem to think arc consignedto me by God,because nobody preaches in Hindustani. Employedthemorning in sermon and Hindustani. In the afternoonwent uo\\'n to Calcutta. In the boat read \Vrangham'sEssay andsome of Mr. Lloyd's letters, when young. Whatknowledgehave somebelievers of thedeepthingsof God!I felt myself peculiarly deficient in that experimentalknowledgeof Christwith which Mr. Lloydwasparticularlyfavoured. Walked fromthe landing.place, a mile and ahalf, throughthenativepart of Calcutta, amidstcrowdsofOrientals of all nations. Howwouldthe spirit of St. Paulhav'e been moved! The thought of summoningtheat-tentionof such multitudes appeared very formidable, andduringthecourse of theevening was the occasionof manys(,lemnlhoughts and prayer, lhat God would deliver mefromall softnessof mind, fcar, and self-indulgence, andmakemereadyto suffer shame and death for the nameof theLordJesus.July 26.-My soul in general impressed with theawfulness of my missionary work, and often shrinkingfromitsdifficulties.July 28.-lntheboat toSerampore wereadMitchell'sEssayon E"aflgelizi"gI"dia, andwere muchpleasedandprofited. Whatever plans and speculations may be agitated,I felt it mydutytothinkonlyof putting myhand to thework without delay. Felt veryunhappyat havingotherwork put upon me, which will keep me from makingprogressinthelang-uage. Nothingbut w 0 1 i t i n ~ upon Godconstantlyfordircction, andanassurancc that His nc\'cr-ceasing love wiII direct my way, would keep me fromconstant vexation. I scarccly do anythinginthelanguage,from havingmytime so constantlytakcn up with w r i t i n ~sermons.July29.-Much of this morning takenupin writingtoLydia. Asfarasmyown views extend, I feel nodoubtatall abouttheproprietyof the measure-ofat least pro-posing it. May the Lord, in continuance of Hisluving-kindnessto herandme, direct hermind, that ifshe come'I may consider it as a speCial gift from God, and notmerelypermittedbyHim. Marshmansat with u' in theevening', and as usual was teeming with plans for thepropagation of the Gospel. Stayed up tiII midnight infinishingthelettertoLydia.To LYDIAGRENFELLSer;lmpore: July30, 1806.My dearest Lydia,-On a subject so intimately con-nectedwithmyhappinessandfuture ministry, as that onwhich I amnowabout toadd!'e"" you, Iwish to assure)'outhat I amnot actinb: withprecipitanc)'Jor without much176 HENRYMARTYNCAI.CUTTA ANDSERA MPORE, 1806 177consideration andprayer, while I at last sit down to requestyouto come out tometoIndia.May the Lord graciouslydirect His blind and erringcreature, and not suffer the natural bias of his mind toleadhimastray. You are acquainted with much oftheconflict Ihaveundergone on your account. It has beengreater thanyouor Emma haveimagined, andyet not sopainfulas I deserve to have found it for havingsufferedmy affections to fasten so inordinately on an earthlyobject.Soon, however, after myfinal departure from Europe,God in great mercy gave me deliverance, and favouredme throughout thevoyagewithpeaceof miod, indiffereoceabout all worldly connections, and devotedness to noobject UIXlnearthbut theworkof Christ. Igave youupentirely-not the smallest expectation remained in mymind of ever seeing you again till we should meet inheaven: andthethought of this separation was the lesspainful from the consolatory persuasion that our ownFatherhadso ordered itfor our mutual good. I continuedfromthattimetoremember you in myprayers onlyas aChristian sister, though one very dear to me. On my arrivalinthiscountryIsawnoreasonat first for supposingthatmarriage was advisable for a missionary-or rather thesubject did not offer itself to my mind. The Baptistmissionariesindeedrecommendedit, and Mr. Brown; butnot knowinganyproper personinthis country, theywerenot very p r c s s i l l ~ upon the subject, and I accordinglyg'avenoattentiontoit. After avery short experience andinquiryafterwards, my ownopinionsbegantochange, andwhen a fewweeks ago we received your welcomeletter,andothersfromMr. Simeon and Colonel Sandys, both ofwhomspokeof youinreferencetome, I considered itevenas acall fromGod tosatisfymyself fullyconcerningHiswill. Fromthe account which IVI r. Simeon received ofyoufromMr. Thomason, heseemedinhis letterto me toregret that he hadso strongly dissuadedmefromthinkingabout you at the time of myleaving England. ColonelSandysspokeinsuchtermsof you, andof the advantagesto result from your presence in this country, that Mr.Brownbecamevery earnest for me toendeavour toprevailuponyou. Yourlettertomeperfectly delighted him, andinducedhimto saythat youwouldbe the greatest aid tothemissionIcouldpossiblymeet with. I knewmyownheart toowell not tobe distrustful ofit, especially as my"ffections were again awakened, and accordingly all mylabourandprayerhavebeentocheck their influence, thatImight seeclearlythepathof duty.ThoughI dare not saythat I amunder nobias, yetfromeveryview ofthe subject I have been able to take,after balancing the advantages and disadvantages thatmay ensuetothecauseinwhichI amengaged, always inprayer for God's direction, myreasonis fullyconvincedoftheexpediency, Ihadalmostsaid theneccssity, of havingyouwithme. Itis possible that myreason may still beobscured bypassion; let it suffice, however, to sa)' thatnow with a safe conscience and the enjoyment oftheDivine presence, I calmlyand deliberatelymakethepro-posal toyou-andblessedbeGodif it be not Hiswill topermit it; still this stepisnot advancmg beyondthe lllnitsof duty, becaus" thereisavarietyof ways by which Godcan prevent it, without suffering any dishonour to HIscause. If Heshall forbidit, I thinkthat, byHISgrace, Ishall even then be contented and rejoicein the pleasureof correspondingwith you. Your letter, dated December1805, was the first I received (your former having beentakenin the Bell Packet), and I found it so animatingthat I couldnot but reflectontheblessedness of having sodear a counsellor always near me. I can truly say, andGodismywitness, that myprincipal desire in this affairisthatyOll maypromotethekingdomof God in my ownheart and be the me3ns of extcnding it tothe heathen, NHENRYMARTYN CALCUTTA ANDSERAMrOflE, .Roo179Myown earthly comfort and happiness are not worth amoment'snotice. Iwouldnot, my dearest Lydia, influenceyoubyanyartifices or false representations. I can onlysay that if you have a desire of being instrumental inestablishin{; theblessed Redeemer'skingdomamong thesepoor people, and will condescend to do it bysupportingthe spirits andanimatingthezealof aweak messenger oftheLord, whois apt to growverydispirited andlanguid,'Come, and the Lord be with you!' It can be nothingbut a sacrifice onyourpart, toleaveyour valuable friendsto come to one who is utterly unworthyof you or anyother of God's precious {;ifts: but you will have yourreward, andIaskit notof youor of God for the sake ofmy ownhappiness, butonlyonaccount of theGospel. Ifit benot caleulatedtopromote it, mayGod in Hismercywithholdit. For the satisfactionof yourfriends, Ishouldsaythat youwill meet withno hardships. The voyageisveryagreeable, andwiththe people and country of IndiaIthink you will be much pleased. The climate is veryfine-thesomuchdreadedheat is reallynothing to thosewhowill employtheirminds in useful pursuits. Idlenesswill make people complain of everything. The nativesarcthemostharmless and timidcreatures I evermetwith.Thewholecountryisthelandof plenty andpeace. WereI a missionary among the Esquimaux or Boschcmcn, Ishouldnever dreamof introducing a female intosuch ascene of dangeror hardship, especiallyone whose happi.ness is dearcr to me than my own: but here there isuniversal tranquillity, thoughthe multitudes are so greatthat amissionaryneedsnotgothreemilesfromhis housewithout having a congregation of manythousands. Youwouldnot beleft insolitudeifIweretomake anydistantexcursion, becausenochaplainisstationed where there isnot a large English Society. My salary is abundantlysufficient forthel-iupportof amarriedman, the house andnumber of people kept byeach Company'sservant beingsuch as to need no increase for a familyestablishment.As I must make the supposition ofyour coming, thoughit maybeperhapsapremature liberty, I should give yousome directions. This letter will reach you about thelatter end of the year; it would be verydesirablcif youcouldbereadyforthe Fcbruaryfleet, because the voyagewill beperformedinfar lesstimethanatany otherseason.George will findout thebest ship-oneinwhich therc isa ladyof high rank in the service would be preferable.Youarc to be considered as comingas a visitor to Mr.Brown, whowill write to you or to Colonel Sandys, whoisbest qualifiedtogive you directions about the voyage.ShouldIbeupthecountryonyourarri,al in Bcngal, Mr.Brownwill be at hand to receive you, and you will fin,!yourself immediatelyat home. Asit will highlyexpeditesome of the plans which we have in agitation that youshould know the language as soon as possible, takeGilchrist's India", Stranger's Guide, and occasionally onthevoyagelearnsome of thewords.If IhadroomI mightenlarge onmuchthat would beintere,tingtoyou. Inmyconversationswith Marshman,the Baptist missionary, our heartssometimes expandwithdelightandjoy attheprospect of seeingall these nationsof the East receive the doctrine of the Cross. He is ahappy labourer; and I only wait, I trust, to know thelanguageto openmymouth boldlyand make known themystery of the Gospel. !'vi y romantic notions arc forthe first time almost realised; for in addition to thebeauties of sylvanscenery mar beseenthemore delightfulobject of multitudesof simplepeoplesittingin the shade tothewordsof eternal life.asyet is notdone; but Iha,cseenmanydiscover bytheirlookswhileMarshmanwas preaching that their heartswere tenderlyaffected. My post isnot yetdctermined; we expect, how-ever, itwill be Pa-tna, a civil statioll, where Ishall not beundermilitarycommand. As you arc so kindlyanxiousN HENRYMARTYN CALCUTTA ANDSERAMI'OI!E, 1806 181about my health, I amhappy to say, that throughmercymyhealthis farbetterthanit everwasin England.The people of Calcutta are verydesirous of keepingme at the mission-church, and offer toany Evangelicalclergymanachaplain'ssalaryanda house besides. I amofcourse deaf to suchaproposal; but it is strange thatnooneinEnglandisItmpted by suchan situation.I amactually going to mention it to CousinT. H. andEmma-not, as you may suppose, with much hope ofsuccess; but Ithinkthat possibly the chapel at Dockmaybe too much for him, and he will have hereasphere ofstill greater importance, As this will be sent by theoverland despatch, there issome danger of itsnot reachingyou. Youwill therefore receive a duplicate, andperhapsa triplicate by the ships that will arrive in England amonthor two after. I cannot write nowto anyof myfriends. Iwill therefore trouble you, if you have oppor-tunity, to saythat I have received no letters since I leftEngland, but one fromeach of these-Cousin TomandEmma, Simeon, Sargent, Bates: ofmyownfamily Ihaveheard nothing. Assure anyof themwhomyoumay sec"f the continuance of my affectionate regard, especiallydearEmma. Ididnot knowthat it waspermittedme towritetoyou, or I fear she would not have found me sofaithful acorrespondent on the voyage. As Ihave here-toforeaddressedyouthroughher, itisprobablethat Imaybenowdisposedtoaddressher through you-or, what willbebest of all, that we bothof usaddressher inoneletterfromIndia. However, youshalldecide, my dearest Lydia.I ",us! approveyour determination, because withthatspiritofsimple looking to the Lord whichwe both endeavourtomaintain, we must not doubt that youwill bedivinelydirected. Till I receive ananswertothis, myprayersyoumaybe assuredwill be constantlyput upforyouthat inthisaffair youmay beunneranespecial guidance, andthatinalIyourwaysGod m"ybe "bundanllyglorifiedby youthroughJesus Christ. You say in your letter that /rtquC1II/yevery day you remember my worthless before thethrone of grace. This instance of extraordinarv andulHlcservcd kindness draws my heart toward youwith ateudemess which I cannot describe. Dearest Lydia, inthe sweet andfondexpectation of yourbeinggiven tomebyGod, andofthe happiness which [ humblyhope youyourself might enjoyhere, Ifind a pleasure in breathingout myassurance of ardent love. I have nowlonglovedyoumostaffectionately, andmy attachment is moreslrong,morepure, more heavenly, because I seeinyoutheimageofJesus Christ. I unwillingly conclude, bybidding mybelovedLydia adieu.H. MARTYN.Serampore: SeplemberI, 1806.My dearest Lydia,- With this you will receive the dupli-cate oftheletter Isentyouamonth bythe overlanddespatch. :vIay it find you prepared tocomeI /\11 thethoughts andviewswhichIhave had of thesubject sincefirstaddressingyou, add tenfold confirmation to myfirstopinion; andItrust that the blessedGodwill graciOUSlymake it appear that I have been acting under a rightdirection, by giving the precious gift tome and to theChurch in India. I sometimes regret that I had notobtainedapromisefromyou of followingme at the timeofour last partingat Gurlyn, as Iamoccasionallyapt tobeexcessivelyimpatient at the 101lgdclay. Many, mallYmonthsmustelapsebefore I cansec youor evenhearhowyou shall determine. The instantyour mindismade upyouwill senda letter bythe overland despatch. Georgewill let youknowhow itistobeprepared, asthe Companyhavegivensomeprinted directions. It isaconsolationtome durillg this long suspense, that had I ell gaged wilhyou before my departure I should not have had such asatisfactory conviction of it being the will of God. TheHENRYMARTYNCALCUTTA ANDSERAMPORE, 1806.83Commander-in-chief is in doubt to which of the threefollowing stations he shall appoint me - Benares, Patna,orMoorshedabad; itwill bethelast, most probably. Thisis onlytwo days' journeyfromCalcutta. I shall take mydepartureinabout sixweeks. Inthehourthat remains, Imust endeavour towrite tomydear sisterEmma, and toSally. By the fleet which will sail hence in about twomonths, theywill receive longerletters. Youwill then, Ihope, have left England. I am very happy here inpreparingfor mydelightful work, but Ishould behappierstill if I were sufficiently fluent in the language to beactually employed; and happiest of all if my belovedLydiawere at myright hand, counselling and animatingme. I amnot verywilling to endmyletter to you; it isdifficult not toprolong the enjoyment of speaking, as itwere, to one who occupies somuch of my sleepingandwakinghours; buthere, alas I Iamawareof danger; andmydear Lydia will, Ihope, praythat her unworthyfriendmayloveno creatureinordinately.Itwill bebaseinmetodepart inheart fromaGodofsuch love as I findHimto be. Oh, that I could makesome returns for the riches of His love! Swiftlyflythehours of life away, and then we shall be admitted tobeholdHisglory. The ages ofdarkness are rolling fastaway, andshall soonusher intheGospel periodwhen thewhole world shallbefilledwithHis glory. Oh, my belovedsisterand friend, dear tomeonevery account, but dearestof all forhaving one heart and one soul withme in thecause of Jesusandtheloveof God, let usprayandrejoice.and rejoice and pray, thatGodmaybe glorified,and thedying Saviour see of thetravailofHissoul. May the Godof hopeflll uswithalljoy and peacein believing, that wemaybothof usabound inhopethroughthepower of theHolyGhost. Now, mydearest Lydia, I cannot saywhatI feel-I cannot pour out my soul- I could not if youwere here; but I praythatyou rna} loveme, if it be thewill of God; andIpraythatGod may make you moreandmoreHis child, and givememare and mare love for allthatisGod-like andholy. Iremain, withfervent affection,Yours, ineternal bonds,I-I. MARTYN.ToCHARLES SIMEONICalcutta: Septemher t, 1806.My dearest Brother,-Ifeci no hesitationabout invitingMissL. G. onher ownaccount, except it bethat sheshouldcomesofarfor onewhoisso utterlyunworthy ofher. Iwouldrather die than bringonewhomIhonour somuchinto asituationofdifficulty; hutindeed thereisno hard-shiptobeencountered. In myabsence she might, if shepleased, visit theEnglishladies whoarealwaysto befoundat the different stations. The plan about tobe adoptedbytheBaptists is to establish missionarystations in thecountry; while one missionary makes the circuit of thesurrounding country, another shall always be in thewaytoreceiveenquiriesandtoexplain. Ishouldthinkthatazealous woman, acquaintedwith the language, and espe-cially if assistedbynativebrethren, might beof useinthiswaywithoutmoving fromherhouse.... Three such menas Carey, Marshman, andWard, sosuited to oneanotherandtotheir work, arenotto be found, Ishould think. inthewholeworld.September 13.-Heard of the arrival of Corrie andParsonat Madras, andof myappointmenttoDinal'ore.Septtmber I S-Called with Mr. Brown On Mr. Udny.thenwent upwith himtoSerampore,and passedmuch oftheafternoon inreadingwith hima series of newspapersI Fint published(1892) by Rev. II. C. G. Maule (romthe 3utoc:raphc o l l ~ t i o n made by Canon Garus, thesuccessor anti biuj.:r;\l'lJnof Ch:'lrlcsSimeoa..HENRYMARTYNfrom England. Howaffecting to think howthe fashionof this world posseth away! What should IdowithoutChrist as an everlasting portion! Howvain is life, howmournful is death, and what is eternitywithout ChristIIn the evening Marshman and Ward came to us. Byendeavouring to recollect myself as before God, I foundmorccomfort, andwas enabled toshowmorepropnetyIIIconversation.September t6.-l'assed the day with '."oonshi IIIHindustani andwritingsermon. In the evenmg wrote to .' .September17.-Theblaze of afuneral pile thIS mornlllgnear the pagoda drewmyattention. I ran out, but theunfortunate woman had committed herselfto the flamesbefore I arrived. The remains of the two bodies were. At night while I was at the missionaries', Mr.ViS ...... IChamberlainarrivedfromupthe country. Just aswere-'oicedat thethoughtof seeinghimand hiswife,wefCALCUTTA ANDSERAMPORF:, IB06 ,8;hands. Whydid Iever doubt His Jov'e! Docs He notloveusfarbetterthanweloveone another?September 2s.-Went to Serampore with Mr. BrownandParson; intheafternoonreadwithmoonshi; enjoyedmuch ofthe solemn presence of Godthewhole day, hadmanyhappyseasons in praycr, and fclt strengthened forthe work of a missionary, which is speedily to beg-in:blessedbe God! Myfriendsarc alarmedabout the soli-tarinessof myfuturelife, andmy tendencytomelancholy;but,Omy dearest Lord! Thouart withme, Thyrod andThystafTtheycomfort me. Igo onThine errand, and Iknow that Thou art and wilt be withme. HoweasilycanstThousupportandrefreshmyheart!To LYDIA GREIiFELLScr;Ullpurc: September 1806.Howearnestly doIlongfor the arrival of mydearestLydia! Though it may prove at last no more than awaking dreamthat [ever expectedtorcceive youin Indi;1.the hope is too pleasing not to be cherished till I amforbidden any longer to hope. Till Iamassured of thecontrary, I shall findapleasure in addressing you as myown. If youarcnot tobemineyouwill pardonme; hiltmyexpectationsaregreatlyencouragcdbythe words yOllused whenwe parted at Gurlyn , that I had bettcr... t;O outfree, implying, asI thought, that you wouldnot be tofollowme if I should secit to be thewill of Godtomakethercquest. I wasrejoiced alsotosct. inyour lcttcrthatyou uniteyour namewithminewhenyou praythat Godwouldkeepusbothinthepath ofduty: fromthis Iinferthat you are bynomeans dctermilltti toremainseparatefromlOe. You will not suppose, my dear Lydia, that Imentiontheselittlethingstoinfluenceyour conduct, or toimplieateyouinaneng"gement. 1\0, Iacknowledgethatyouareperfectlyfree, and I haveno doubt that youwillaet astheloveandwisdomof ourGodshall direct. Your.86 HENRYMARTYNCALCUTTA ANDSERA MPORE, ,806heartisfarlessinterestedinthis businessthanmine, inallprobability; and this onone account [do not regret, asyouwill be abletoseemoreclearly thedirections of God'sprovidence. About a fortnight ago I sent you a letteraccompanying the duplicateof the one sent overland inAugust. If these shall havearrivedsafeyouwill perhapshaveleftEnglandbeforethisreaches it. But if not, let meentreat youtodclay notamoment. Yet how will my dearsister Emma be abletopart with you, and George- butaboveall yourmotller? I feel verymuchfor youand forthem, but Ihave no doubt at all about your health andhappinessinthiscountry.The Commander-in-chiefhas at last appointedme tothestation of Dinapore, nearPatna, and I shall accordinglytakemydeparturefor that place as soon as I canmakethenecessary preparations. Itis notexactlythesituationI wished for, though in a temporal point of viewit isdesirable enough. The air isgood, the living cheap, thesalary,,0001. ayear, andthereisalargebodyof Englishtroops there. But I should have preferred being nearBenares,the heart of Hinduism. Vhrejoice to hear thattwo other brethrenare arrivedat Madrason theirwaytoBengal, sent, I trust, by the Lord to co-operate in over-turningthekingdomof Sataninthese regions. They areCorrie andParson, bothBengal chaplains. Theirstationswill be Benares and Moorshedabad-one on one side ofmeandthe other on theother. Thereare alsonowtenBaptist missionaries at Serampore. Surely good is intendedforthiscountry.Captain Wickes, thegoodold CaptainWickes, who hasbrought out somany missionaries to India, is nowhere.Heremindsme of UncleS. Ihave been just interruptedbythe bla?e of a funeral pile, withinahundred yards ofmypagoda. Iranout, but thewretchedwomanhadcon-signedherself tothenames beforeIreachedthespot, andIsawonlythe remains of herandher husband. 0 Lord,how longshall it be? Oh, I shall have no rest in myspirit till mytongueisloosed to testifyagainst theDevil,anddeliver the message of God to these His unhappy bond-slaves. I stammeredout somethingto the wicked Brah-mins about the judgments of God upon themfor the murdertheyhadjust committed, bu t they saidit was anactof herownfree-will. Some of themissionarieswouldhavebeenthere, but theyare forbiddenbythe GovernorGeneral topreachtothenativesintheBritish territory. Unless thisprohibition is revoked byan order from home it willamounttoatotal suppressionof themission.Iknowof nothing elsethat willgiveyouafurtherideaof thestate of thingshere. Theh ...oministerscontinue tooppose mydoctrines with unabated virulence; but theythinknot thatthey fight against God. Myownheartisatpresent coldandslothful. Oh, that my souldidburn withlove and zeal! Surely were you here I should act withmore cheerfulness and activity with so bright a patternbeforeme. If Corriebringsmealetterfromyou, andtheneetisnot sailed, which, however, isnot likely, Ishall writetoyou again. Colonel Sandys will receivealetter fromme and Mr. Brownbythis neet. Continue to rememberme inyour prayers, as a weak brother. I shall alwaysthinkof youas one tobelovedandhonoured.H. MARTYN.September 26.-Employed as usnal in Hindustani;visitedMarshmanat night. He andMr. Careysat withusintheevening. Myheartstill continuing some degree ofwatchfulness, butenjoyingless sweetness.OctoberI.-Readingwith moonshi and preparing ser-man; found great cause to pray for brotherly love.Preached at night at the mission-church on Eph. ii. 4.Hadavery refreshing conversationwithCorrie afterwards;wewished it to be for thebenefit of twocadets. who suppedwith us, andIhopeitwill not beinvain. MaytheLord188 HENR Y ,lfARl'YN CAl.CUTTA ANDSERAMI'OA'E, ,S06be pleased tomakeme act withasingleeyetoHisglory.Howeasyit istopreachabout ChristJesusthe Lord, andyet topreachonesel f.None of six letters from Lydia Grenfell have beenpreserved, butwe findinherDiary more self-revealingofher heart thancouldbemade to HenryMartyn, and alsomore severity in judgingofherself as inthepresence ofGod,1806, /lfay23.-Wrotedear H. I have felt to-dayareturnof but havespentthemtoo muchinworldlythings. I found it a blessed season in prayer, yet I fearwhether mysatisfaction did not rather arise from beingenabled to pray than fromany extraordinary communi-cationsfromabove. aLord, scarchandtrymyheart, letnot itsdeceitfulnessimpose onmc.July 19-Thought much thisweekof my dear absentfriend.August 2.-1I1y family's unhappiness preys on mymind-sister burningwith anger and resentment againstsister, brother against brother, afatheragainst hischildren.Oh, what apicture! Let JOenot add to the weight of familySin.August inapore road, S:lidtha.t no Sahib had ever heen in their v i l l a ~ e before.Somclimes my apptuacbwa..s lhe cause ofconlOiJcrable :lbrm.'HENRYMARTYNpilgrimage shortening without a wish to add to theirnumbcr. Hutoh, may I be stirred up to afaithful dischargeof my highand awful work; and laying aside, as muchas maybe, all carnalcares andstudies, mayIgivemyselfto this 'one thing.' The last has been a year to beremembered by me, because the Lord has brought mesafely to India, andpermitted me to begin, inone sense,mymissionarywork. Mytrials in it havebeenveryfew;everything hasturnedoutbetter thanI expected; loving-kindness and tender mercies have attended me at everystep:thereforeherewill IsingHispraise. I have been anunprofitable servant, butthe Lord hathnot cut meoff: Ihave beenwaywardand perverse, yet Hehasbrought mefurther on the way to Zion; here. then, with sevenfoldgratitudeandaffection, wouldIstopanddevotemyself tothe blissful service of my adorableLord. May He continueHispatience, His grace, His direction, His spiritual influ-ences, andIshall atlast surely come off conqueror. MayI-Ie speedilyopenmymouth, to makeknown themysteriesoftheGospel, andin great mercygrant that theheathenmayreceiveitandlive IThe hostility of the officers andcivilianstohismessagesometimes became. scorn, when they saw his efforts toteach and preach tothe natives. These weredays whenthePatna massacre wasstill remembered. So few baptizedChristians knew the power of the Faith which theypractically dishonoured, that they hadno desire tomake itknown to others; many even actually resentedthe preachingof Christtothe people, as both politicallydangerousandsocially aninsulttotherulingrace. Thisfeelinghaslongsince disappearedin India at least, thoughits expression isnot unknowninsome of thecolonieswhere the landis heldby the dark savages. Henry Martyn keenly felt suchopposition, andnonethelessthatthenatives ofthePatnaDINAPOREANDPATNA. 1807-180ccur in theJ()tfrnafs mIduf/ers betweenFebruary 17and)f:uch24, 1808, :tfartyn's reb.tionswiththemnrc describedju!>t asinlhislie! of letters.weary head on the pillow at night. health which)'ouinquire after. so kindly, is On the whole go;d; butI am daily reminded that it is a fragile frame I carryabout.August 23-1rejoice to find byyour Ictter that youarecontentedwithyourlot. Before thc time of Horaceandsincetoo, contentmenthasbeenobserved tobea vcr;rare thmg on earth, andIknow not how it istobe obtainec..lbut by learning in the school of the Gospel. ' I have learned'saideven St. Paul, inwhatsoever stateIam, therewithbecontent.' Tobealittle slanderous for once, I suspectColonel Bradshaw, our common friend, whowill send youa letter bythe same scpoy, must have a lecture or twomore read. tohimin this science, asheis far frombeingperfect In It. He has, you know, all that heart canwishof thisworld'sgoods, and yetheisrestless;sometimesthesocietyis dull; at other times the blame is laid on the andhemust goout of cantonments. To-dayheISgomgtoGya, to-morrowon theriver. Now, Itell himthat heneednot changehisplace, buthisheart. Let himseck hishappinessinGod, andhewill carryabout a para-dise10 hiS own bosom.. Tlte wildemess andtlze solziaryplace shall beglad for hIm, andthe desert s!zal!rejoiceandh/ossom as tlu rou.September 23-Mydear Mrs. Dare, attend to thecallof God; H: never speaks more to the heart than byaflliction. Such a season as this, so favourable to thecommencement of true piety, may never again occur.Hereafter time Olayhave riveted worldly habits on you,andagerendered the heart insensible. Begin nowto bemelancholy I No-to be seriously happy, to be purelyhappy, everlastinglyhappy.Ever, throughthe solitude, thesuffering, andthetoilingof the first twelve months at Dinapore, the thought ofLydiaGrenfell, thehopeof heruniontohim, andher helpinhis agonisingfor India, rUlls like a chord ofsadmusic.He thuswritesto his cousin, her sister:Indeed, all my Europe letters this season havebroughtmesuchpainful news that I almost dread receivinganother. Suchis the vanityofour expectations. I hadbeen looking out with more than ordinary anxiety forthese letters, thinking theywould give me some accountof Lydia's coming-whereas yours and hers have onlywounded me, and my sister's,' giving me the distressingtidingsofher ill-health, makesmy heart bleed. Oh, it isnowthat Ifeel the agony ofhaving half the globe inter-vening between us. Could I but be with her: yet Goowho heareth prayer will surely supplymy place. FromSallyI expectneither promptness northe ability to consoleher sister. Thisis the first time Sallyhas taken upherpentowritetome, and thought an apologynecessaryforherneglect. Perhapsshe hasbeen wrapt up in her dearhusband, or her dearer self. I feel very angrywith her.But my dear faithful Lydia has more than compen-satedfor all the neglect ofmyown relations. I believeshe has sent me mOre than all the rest in Eng-land puttogether. If I had not loved herher affectionateandconstant remembrance of mewouldwinmy heart.Youmentionthename ofyourlastlittleone(mayshebe afollmlerof hernamesake !). It reminds me ofwhatMr. Brownhas latelywritten to me. He says that Mrs.B. haddeterminedherexpectedoneshouldbe calledafterme: but, as it proved to be a girl, it was called LydiaMartyn Brown, a combination that suggests many re-flectionsto mymind.AndnowI ought to begin to write about myself andIndia: but I fearyou are not so interested about me asyouusedto be: yettheChurch of God, Iknow, isdear toyoualways I Let me speak of theministers. TheGospelMrs. Lauraborn January1779, died in the year1801.238HENRYJlARTVNDINAPOREANDPATNA, ,807-,809 239HENRYMARTYN DIII'APOREANDPATNA, 1807-1S0924'Rwas preached before the Governor-General by seven differentevangelical chaplains in the Course of six months. Ofthesefive have associated, agreeing tocommunicate \\ritheach other quarterlyreports oftheir proceedings. Theyare Mr. Brown at Calcutta, Thompson at Cuddalore,Parson at Berhampore, Corrie atChunar, andmyselfhere.Corrie and myself, as being most similarly employed,correspondeveryweek. He gives all his attention to thelanguages, andhashis heart whollytowards the heathen.He has seton foot fourschoolsinhis neighbourhood, and[fourhere alongthe banks ofthe Ganges, containing 120boys: he hasnearlythesame number. The masters areheathens-buttheyhave consented with some reluctanceto admit the Christian books. The little book on theParablesinthedialectof Bihar, whichI had prepared forthem, isnowinthe press at Scrarnporc; for the present,they read with their own books the Sermon on theMount. Wehopebythehelp of Godto enlarge theplanof the schools veryconsiderably, as soon as we have feltthe ground, andcanadvanceboldly.Respecting my own immediate plans, I amrather inthe dark. Theywishtoengagemeasa translator of theScriptures into Hindustani and Persian, bythe help ofsomelearned natives; and if this planis settled at Calcutta,[shall engage init without hesitation, as conceiving it tobe the most useful way in which [ can be employed atpresent intheChurch of God. Ifnot, [hopeto begin toitinerateassoonastherains areoverj not thatIcan hopetobeeasilyunderstoodyet, butby mixing familiarlywiththenatives [ should soon learn. Little permanent good,however, can bedonetill some of the Scripturescanbeputinto theirhands. Onthis account [wishto help forwardthisworkasquickaspossible, because achapter will speakplainlyin a thousand places at once, while [ can speak,andnot veryplainly, but in one. One advantage attendingthedelayof publicpreachingwill be that the schools willh,. un 'or the commencement of preachingwill beavealairr ,II dthe downfall ofthe schools. [have mytent ready, an.uldset out withpleasureto-morrowif thetimefor thISwere come. As there is public service here everyLord'sDay, three days' journeyis the longest I can take.Th' yhereafterprove an inconvenience: but the ad-ISrna .' I I blf be a Company's servant are IncaCll a c.vantages 0 Ing dAmissionarynot intheserviceisliabletobe stoppe byubaltcrn' butthereisnomanthat can touch me.every s, . . h t. Amongst theEuropeans at this station I amnot WIt aut E'lght ortenchieOy corporals or sergeants,encouragemen. , . fcome to myquarters Sundayand WednesdaynIghts or. I h' but 'It doesnotappear that more thanonesocia wars tp. _ .IertedThecommanding officer of the natIve'aretTUyconv .battalionandhislady, whomI mentioned in mylast, are,. I . b t th' fear of man IS theirI think, increaSing YscnOllS- U C .snare Mrs. Youngsaysthat, with LydIa to supportshefacethefrownof theworld. [hadbeenlook109forwardwith pleasuretothe time when she would have suchd., d that Lydia would have sosenSIblesupport, an rejoIceandhopeful acompanion.Din:lpore: December, 1807M dear Cousin,-Yourletter, after so long a silence,was : great reliefto me, as it assured me of your un-diminished affection; but I regretted you had been so. in your consolations on the subject of my latespanng I d todisappointment. Remember, it was to you uscunbosomallmy anxieties, and I still lookto you for thatsympathising tenderness which noother persnn perhaps, I for me or at least can venture to express. HowJee s, . h' f ame ryParticular of our conversation In t e Journey rve 'dl[h'eRedruthtoPlymouthDockreturnsto my mill. a\.ndeedtoremember it-fromthat tIme I date Illyreason1 L d' H lastsorrows-we talked too much about y Ia. erI f II I must not writeletter wastobicl mea tina arewe, soHENRYMARTYN DINAPORE ANDPATNA, 1807-180t increased my expec-tations nor consequently embittered my disappointment.WhenIaddressedyouinmyfirst letter on the subject, Iwasnot induced to it byanyappearances of regard youhadexpressed, neither at anysubscquent period have myhopes of your consent been founded on a beliefofyourattachment tome. I knewthat your conduct would beDINAPOREANDPATNA, 1807-180Cllpttonor Uchi:.lunand PCI:> andhis lranslalions.410HENRYMARTYNINPERSIA 411the centuriesto theprayer whichDariustheking cut onahuge slab, twenty-sixfeet in length and six in height, inthe southernwall of the greatplatform at Persepolis : Letnot war, nor slavery, nor decrepitude, norlies obtainpoweroverthisprovince.' HenryMartynthus wrote of his visit:After traversing these celebrated ruins, I must saythat Ifeltalittledisappointed: theydidnot atall answermy expectation. The architectureof the ancient Persiansseemstome much more akinto thatof their elumsy neigh-bours theIndians, than to that of the Greeks. I sawnoappearance of granddesign anywhere. Thechapiters ofthecolumnswere almost as long as the shafts:- thoughtheyarcnot so represented in Niebuhr's plate ;-andthemean little passages into the square court, or room, 6rwhatever it was, makeitveryevident thatthetaste of theOrientals was the same three thousand years agoas itisnow. Hutit wasimpossiblenot to recollect thathere Alex-ander andhis Greeks passedand repassed; here theysatand sung, and revelled; nowall is in silence, generationongenerationliemingledwiththe dust of their mouJderingedifices:Alike the busy and the gay,But l1utterinlife's busy day,Infortune'svarying colours drest.As soonaswe r e ~ r o s s e d theAraxes, the escort beggedme to point out theKcblah to them, as they wanted topray.After setting their faces towards Mecca, as nearly as Icould, I wentandsatdownonthemarginnearthebridge,wherethewater, fallingover somefragmentsof the bridgeunder the arches, produced a roar, which, contrastedwiththestillnessallaround, hada grand effect. Here I thoughtagain of the multitudes who had once pursued theirlabours andpleasuresonitsbanks. Twenty-onecenturieshavcpassedaway sincetheylivcd; howshort, incompari.son, must be the remainder of my days. What a momentaryduration is the life of man! Labifur et /abetur in omnevolubilis fEVum, may be affirmed of the river; but menpass awayas soon as they begin to exist. \Vell, let themoments pass:They'll waft us sooner o'erThislife'stempestuous sea,And land us on the peaceful shoreOf blest eternity.The true character of Martyn's Mohammedan andSooficontroversialistscomes out in the fast of Ramazan,the ninth month of the lunar year, when from dawn tosunset ofeachdayastrictfast isobserved, most trying-tothetemper, and fromsunsetto dawncxcess istoo naturallytherule, especially,asin this case, whenRamazanfallsonthelong hot days of summer. Of this monththetraditionsdeclarethatthedoors ofheavenare oper.edapJthedoorsof hellshut, whilethedevilsarechained. At thistime themiracleplay of HasanandHusainI isactedin the nativetheatres fromnight tonight Inscenexxxi. areenactedthe conversion and murder of an English ambassador.DeanStanleyusedtotell that HenryMartyn, horrifiedattheEnglish oathsput into the mouth of the Persianwhorepresentedthe ambassador in the tragedy, took himandtaught himtorepeat theLord'sPrayer instead.September 20.-First day of the fast of Ramazan.All thefamilyhadbeenupinthenight, to takeanunsea-sonablemeal, in order to fortifythemselvesfor the absti-nence of the day. It wascurioustoobservetheeffects ofthefast inthehouse. Themaster was scolding andbeatinghis servants; they equally peevish and insolent, ann theI SeethePlayas collectedfromoral traditionby the l:lteSirLewisreily,Intwo volumes, .879.HENRYMARTYNINPERSIA413beggarsmorethan ordinarilyimportunate and clamorous.At noon, all thecitywent tothegrandmosque. Myhostcamebackwith an account of newvexations there. Hewas chatting with a friend, ncar the door, when a greatpreacher, Hajji Mirza, arrived,with hundreds of followers.'Whydoyounotsayyourplayers" saidthenew-comerstothetwofriends. ',Vehavefinished: said they. 'Well:saidthe other, 'if youcannot prayasecond timewithus,yOUhad better move out of theway.' Rather than joinsuchturbulent zealots they retired. The reason of thisunceremonious addresswas, that theseloving discipleshada desire toprayall in a rowwith their master, which, itseems, is the custom. There is no public service in themosque; everymanherepraysforhimself.Coming outof themosquesomeservants of theprince,fortheiramusement, pushedapersonagainst apoor man'sstall, onwhichwere some thingsfor sale, a fewEuropeanand Indian articles, also some valuable Warsawplates,whichwerethrowndownandbroken. The servantswentoff without making compensation. No kazi will hear acomplaint ag-ainst theprince'sservants.Hajji Mahommed Hasan preaches every dayduringthe Ramazan. Hetakesaversefromthe Kuran, ormorefrcquentlytells storiesabout the Imams. If the ritual ofthe Christian Churches, their goodforms and everythingthey have, is a mere shadowwithout a Divine influenceattendonthem, what must all this Mahometanstuff be!andyet howimpossibleisit to convincethepeople of theworld, whether Christian or Mahometan, that what theycall religion is merely an invention of their own, havingno connectionwith God and Hiskingdom! Thissubjecthas been much on my mindof late. Howsenseless thezeal of Churchmen against dissenters, and of dissentersagainst theChurch! Thekingdomof Godisneithermcatnor drink, nor anythingperishable; butrighteousness, andpeace, andjoyinthe HolyGhost.Mirza Ibrahim ne\'er goes to the mosque, but he isso much respected. that nothing is said: they concludethat he is employed III devotion at home. Someofhisdisciples saidtoSeydAli, beforehim: 'Now theRama?aniscome, youshouldreadthe Koran andleavetheGospel.'Ii\o;saidhis uncle, Ihe isemployedin a goodwork: lethimgoon with it.' The old man continues to inquirewith interest about the Gospel, and is impatient for hisnephewto explain the evidences ofChristianity, which Ihave drawnup.September 22.frknds returned fromthemosque, full ofindignationat what they hadwitnessedthere. Theformer governor of Bushire complainedtothevizier, inthemosque, thatsome of hisservantshadtreatedhim brutally. The vizier, instead of attending to hiscomplaint, orderedthemto do theirwork a secondtime;whichthey did, kickingandbeatinghimwiththeir slippers,in themost ignominiousway, before all themosquc. Thisunhappy people groan under the tyranny of their governors;yetnothingsubdues ortamesthem. HappyEuropeI howhasGodfavouredthesons of Japheth, bycausingthemtoembracetheGospel. Howdignified are all thenations ofEurope compared with this nation! Yet the people arcclever andintellig:ht.andenablemeseriously toconsiderand weIghIn the balanceof11 l doYea let mythoughts bewatched.thesanctuarya - < , fSleep has. fledfrommine eyes, andafearful looklllgfor atrial and affliction, however this affair ends,my. d OhI let mecast myburdenontheLord-It IStoomin . r . Lord let meheginafreshto call upon Thyheavylor me. , bal,d lakingholdof Thee, Ishall beborneupa avename, "my trials, carriedthrough the difficulties 1 see before me,andhe delivered.Deccmber 17.-1desire, 0 Thou blessed God, toseekThy face, to call on Thy name. Thou hast been myrefuge; 1 havebeenhappy inthe sense of Thy love. Withall my sins, myweaknesses andmiseries, I cometo Thee,andmost seriouslywouldIseekThyguidanceinthe perplexing and difficult circumstances[ amin. 0 Lord, suffermenot toruncountertoThywill nortodishonourThee.December 2s.-Bless the Lord, 0 my soul; bless Hisholyname for ever and ever. I sought the Lordin mydistress, andHegaveearuntome. Graciousandmercifulart Thou,0 Lord, for Thoudidst bend Thine car tothemost worthless of all creatures. This is for the glory ofThyname alone, to showhowgreat Thy mercy is, howsure Thy truth. After a night of elouds and darkness,beholdtheclear sky.December 26.-This joyful, holyseason calls upon mefor fresh praises, and a renewed dedication of myself toGod. IrejoiceinbelievingChrist was born; I rejoice inthe end proposed of His appearance in the flesh, therecoveryof mankindtoholiness and to God. Iwelcomethis salvationasthat Imost desire. My happiness, [ know,consists in holiness and inthe favour of God. Thoughtmuch to-day of mydearfriend. Icannot thinkof himashavinggainedthe heavenlycrown, but as strugglingwithdangersanddifficulties. Secure in themall of Thyfavour,anddefendedby Thypower, heissafe, andpassbut afewyearsor days, andhewill enterintotherestof God. Letme, too, followafterhimashefollowsChrist.1813,January 4.-After a night anddayspentingreatconflictandagonyof mind, I, thisevening, enjoyarespitefrom distressing apprehensions. I was reduced to thelowest, as to animal spirits and spiritual life, \\-'hen itoceurrcdtomeIwouldgoto the meeting, where I founda sweet-oh, may it be a lasting! relief frommy cares.HENRYMARTYNSJIfRAZ TO TABREEZ479Having better things proposed for myconsideration, myburdenhas chieOybeen froma senseof inwardweaknessandaconvictionof havinglostthepresence of God. Thestateof mybelovedfriend less occupies mymind than Isometimes think is reconcilablewith a true affection forhim; butthe truthis, theconcerns of my soul arcthemarcpressing. Oh!maythistrial trulyanswerthispurposeofdrivingmeto God, myrefugeandrest.january 6.-Still harassed and without strength toresist. I seemdivestedof the Spirit, yet, oh, let menot[:ivewaytothis! Iwill try, asa helpless sinner, to seckDivine aid. Thou canst command peace \\Tithin andincreasemyfaith. Iamamazedat thestate of my mind-insteadofhavingmy thoughts exercised about my dear fnend, Iamfilledwithdistressingfears formysoul, and left so tomyself that all I can doistopray for theLord to returnandlift uponme the li[:ht of 1liscountenance. 0 Thoublessed Redeemer! hear mysighs and put mytearsintoThybottle. illy wanderingsarenoteddowninThy book.Oh, havepity onmywretched stateandrevive Thywork,increasemy faith. Thou art the resurrectionand the life-letmerest onthisScripture.February I.-My beloved friend remembered every hour,but to-day with less distressing fears and perplexity of mind.I do frommyinmost soul, 0 Lord, desire Thywill to bedone, andthat Thou mayest be glorified in this concern.Oh, direct us ! .February 7.-1 have been convinced to day howbyadmitting into myheart, and suffering my first, mylast,andeverythought tobe engrossed byan earthlyobject, Ihave grieved the Holy Spirit, and hindered God fromdwelling in me. Oh I letme have done with idols andworshipGod.More than six weeks after his letter ofJuly 12, thefever-stricken missionary recovered strength to write toLydia once again:To LYDIAGRENFELLTabreu: August28, 1812-I wrote to you last, mydear Lydia, in greatdisorder.Myfever had approached nearly to delirium, and mydebil,tywas so great that it seemed impossible I couldwithstand the power of disease many days. Yet it haspleasedGod to restore me to life and health again; notthat I haverecoveredmyformer strengthyet, but cansinermyselfrestoredtoprosecute myjourney. Mydatly prayer's, that my late chastisement may have itsintendedeffect, andmakemeall therestof mydaysmorehumble, andless self-confident. Self-confidence hasoftenlet me down fearful lent:;ths, and would, without God'sgraciousinterference, prove myendlessperdition. I seemtobe made feel this evil of myheart more than allYother at thiStime. Inprayer, orwhen I write orconverseonthe subject, Christ appears to memylifeandstrength,butat othertlInes Iamasthoughtless andboldasifI hadall lifeandstren[:th in myself Such neglect onOurpartworks a diminution of our joys; but the covenant, thecovenant! standsfast withHim, for Hispeopleevermore.I mentionedmyconversingsometimeson Divine sub-jects. forthoughit islong enough sinceI have seenachildof God, [am sometimesledonby thePersianstotell themall I know of theveryrecesses ofthesanctuary, andthesearethethingsthat interest them. But to giveanaccountof all mydiscussionswith these mysticphilosophersmustbereservedtothetime of ourmeeting. Do I dream, thatI venturetothinkandwrite of suchaneventasthat? Isi\ pussiblethat weshall evermeet a[:ainbelow? ,t 'spossible, I dare not indulgesuchapleasin[:hope)'et.I amstill at a distance; and the countriesIhavetopassthroughare many of themdangerous to thetraveller, fromthehordes of banditti, whom a feeble govern-HENRYMARTYNment cannot chastise. Inconsequence of thebadstate oftheroadbetweenthis and Aleppo, SirGoreadvisesmetogo first to Constantinople, and from thence to pass.Syria. In favour of this route, he urgesthat, .by wntlngto two or three TurkishGovernorsonthefrontiers, he cansecuremeasafepassage, at least half-way, and the latterhalfis probablynot much infested. Inthree days,fore I intend setting myhorse's headtowardsConstanti-nople, distant above thirteen hundred Ithink, willoccasion any further detention here, If I .canprocure servants who knowboth Persian and TurkISh;butshould I be taken iII on theroad, mycasewouldbenitiable indeed. The ambassador and his suite arestillhere: hisandLady Ouseley'sattentionstome, duringmyillness, havebeen unremitted. The Prince Abbas Mirza,thewisest of the king's sons, and heir to the throne, washeresometimeafter my arrival; Imuchwishedtopresentacopyof thePersian NewTestamenttohim, but Icouldnot rise frommybed. The bookwill, however, begivento himby the ambassador. Public curiosity about theGospel, now for thefirst time, inthememory of the modernPersians, introducedintothecountry, isa good deal eXCitedhere, at Shiraz,andotherplaces; so that, uponthewhole,I amthankful for having been led hither and detamed,though myresidence in this country has been attendedwith many unpleasant circumstances. The way of thekings of the East is preparing. This much maybe saIdwith safety, but little more. The PersIans also willprobablytake the lead in the march toZIOn,. astheyareripefor arevolutioninreligionas well asp01ltlcs.Sabat about whomyou inquire sO regularly, I haveheardno;hingof thislongtime. My friends inIndia havelongsincegivenmeup aslost orgone out of reach, andiftheywrotetheywould probablynot mentionhim, ashefarfrombeing afavouritewithanyof them. --, whoIShimself of an impatiellt temper, callnot tolerate him;SHIRAZ TO TAEREEZindeed, I ampronounced to be the onlyman inBengalwho couldhavelivedwithhimsolong. Heis, tobesure,themost tormenting creature I ever yet chanced to dealwith-peevish, proud, ,uspicious, greedy; he used to givedailymore andmoredistressingproofsof hisneverhavingreceivedthe saving grace of God. !Jut of thisyouwill saynothing; while his interesting story is yet fresh in thememory of people, his failings hadbetternot be mentioned.The poorArabwrotemeaquerulous epistle from Calcutta,complaining that no one took notice of himnowthat Iwas gone; andthenheproceeds tohisbest friends.Ihavenot yetwritten to reprove himfor his unchristiansentiments,andwhen IdoIknowit will betonopurposeafter all theprivatelecturesIhavegivenhim. MycoursefromConstantinople is so uncertain that I hardlyknowwheretodesireyouto direct to me; I believe istheonlyplace, forthere I must stopinmy wayhome. Soonweshall have occasion for pen and ink no more; but Itrust Ishallshortlyseetheeface to face. Love toall thesaints.Believe me to be yours ever, most faithfully andaffectionately,H. MAI.>( lIs preservati [ kIt uponanymore suited to th on, nownot that I couldbrighter sky .!loti purer airC:l.1Ithan Tabrec%, .at anyseason. Awas llUlyhC:lhh iothe: brc;c;zc thoU1.1Y, ound. To meIt seelns as if Ihere, u ows around me. I I ASeamdjountty lAyout"Persia, helwun flu and 1816.P. 22).treaty with Russia, with consequences most offensive totheShah. Onlythe personal influence and active inter-ferenceof the British Ambassador preventedtherenewalof hostilities. ;\1 r. Morier, the Secretary of Embassy, givesus this contemporarypicture of Martyn's arrival:' 'Wehadnot long beenatTabrcez before our party was joinedbytheRev. WilliamCanning andtheRev. HenryMartyn.The formerwasattachedtoour Embassyaschaplain; thelatter, whomwe had left at Shiraz employedinthetrans-lationof the NewTestament into the Persian language,having completedthatobject, was on hisway to Constan-tinople. Both these gentlemen had suffered greatly inhealthduring their journey fromShiraz. Mr. Martynhadscarcelytime torecover his strength before he departedagain.'Had Henry Martyn been induced by his hospitablefriends to rest here for a time, had the physician con-strainedhimtowait forabetter seasonandmorestrength,he might have himself presented his sacredwork to theShah-mighthaverepeatedinthenorthwhat hehadbeenpermittedto doin one brief year in the southof Persia,and might have again seen the beloved Lydia and hisCambridge friends. For Tabreez, 'the fever.dispeBer: issaid to have been sonamedbyZobeidah, thewifeof theKaliphI-Iaroon'rRashheed, who, at theclose of theeighthcentury, beautined the ancient Tauris, capital of Tiri-datesIII., Kingof Armeniain297, becauseof its healthyclimate. In spite of rqeated earthquakes the city hasbeenalways rebuilt, lowand mean, covering an area likethat of Vienna, but the principal emporiumfromwhichHENRYMARTYNhis son'svizier, that the Feringhis' (Franks') Governmentandarmy, andnow One of their moollas, wascomeintotheEast. The Shahthendirected Mirza Boozong to prepareananswer. Inconsequence of this information Sir GoreOuseley, who doubtless desired tosparethelittlestrengthof his guest, directed that a certain moolla, who greatlywished to be introduced to the man of God, should notbebrought tohim. Nevertheless,' One dayamoolla cameand disputed awhile for Muhammedan, butfinishedwithprofessingSoofisentiments.'ThegreatShah, FatehAli Khanhimself, and his son,werethuspreparedforthe Divinegift of HenryMartynindueformthroughtheBritish Ambassador. Ilow it reachedl\ is PersianMajestyfromSir GoreOuseley, and howtheShah-in-Shahreceivedit, theseletterstell, sohonourable tothewriters, even after all allowanceismadeforthe diplo-maticcourtliness of the correspondence. I The Soofi con-troversialists andfriendsof thetranslator, whoby that timehadentered on his rcst, must have, moreover, predisposedthe eclecticmindof the always liberal Shah to treat withreverencetheblJil, orGospel.FromHis ExcellC1lcy Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart., A mbMsadorExtraordinary fromHisBritannic M aji!sty to tlu Court ofPersia. Addressed to tMRighi Hon. Lord Teign11louth,President of IheBritish and ForeignBibleSociety.Sl. Petersburg: September20, 1814-My dear Lord,-Finding that Iam likely tobe detainedhere some six or sevenweeks, and apprehensive that mylettersfromPersiamaynot havereachedyour Lordship, 1conceiveitmydutyto acquaint you, for theinformation ofI See theElnJenJh9(porl 0/ tnt Pdli,4 and!'prtignBi.61f S"';U7' ISIS,Appendix, No. 51.SHIRAZ TO TABREEZ- 485the societyofChristiansumn"dfor thegating the Sacred Writin s ;h purposeof propa-of Our poorfriend thelat gR'to thewishesin the name ofth' S .e ev. enryMartyn, Ipresented, e oClety (ash . Icop f h' . epart leu adydesired) ay 0 IS translatIOn of the NewT .PersianIan ua e H" estament IOtOtheK' h .g g to IS Persian Majesty, FatehAli Sh haJar, avmgfirst madeconditions h '. . atoperusethewhole andfa t. at H,sMajestywasstyle, etc. ' ' VOlirmewIthhiSopinion ofthePreviousto deliveringthebo kttranscriberstomakeso n . 0 0theShah, I employedto HajJ'iH' rof it, which[ distributedussem an Prin . fAbdulwahab, and other men of" ce 0 aru, Mirzamediately about the f lC.drtllng and rank im.person0 the kIng I b'converts totheSoofi h'l I ' W10, elng chieflyit a fair judgmentIwould, I felt certain, giveh .. ',ca e upon by th 51 h rt CITOpInIOn, report of it d' '" c. la lorThe er I'd ImgtoIts IOtrlnSICmerits.Ie Ose trans atlonofa lett fi 'Majestytomewillshow our L d .or romIl,s Persiancompleteworka greata y , .. Or shipthat he think, the. equlsltron andthat h.theSimple style adopted b; e approvesofandhi, able coadjuto M' Y my amented friend Martynthe just and ready Ali, s?appropriate tothe Sacred Writings. Ie sublime morality ofpossesstheoriginal letterfromthSocietyexpressawish111 I'ersian, I shall bemost ha eShah,Or acopyof Ityour Lordship. ppytopresenteIther throughI beg leave to add that 'fMartyn's translation has t' I a correct copy of Mr.Society [ shall h ,no yet been presented to thebeen e;piedinoffering one that hasmebyMr Martyn 0 h' hh Ith theongmal left with, . , nw IC ehadbe . dpamstorenderit perfect. stO\\ e thegreatest[alsopromisetodevote mi'the press, in the event f y elsure.tothe correctionof. , 0 your thmk 109I'.t printed in England sh Id roper to haveI ou my SovereIgn not haveGORE OUSELEY.SHIRAL TO TABREEL 487command the Select Servants wh .presence toread',0 arc admItted to ourbe' .' tousthe above-mentioned book fromthegmnmg to the end that we .manner. hear andmost minuteYour Excellencywill bepleased t .... .of theabove-mentionedd" 0 rejoIce the heartsSocietywith assuranceso'fl':l1Ified, ,.'clarned, andenlightened. our 1Ig lest rc"ard Ibat,on. and to' r h h an< approI tnlormt oseexccll t' d' 'dsovirtuouslyengagedin d'. : en In 'v, ualswho arcthetruemeaning andandmakingknownpointsinsacredbooks th thOY Gospel, andotherwith our royal yat eYE areldeservedlyhonoured. our' xee leney mu t 'dyourself asboundtofulfil th' I s cons, er.., IS roya request.GIven1I1 Reblalavil, 1229.(Sealed) FATEH ALI SHAH KAJAR.Even herewe seeMartynandCarey oncemore linkedtogether. The same volume fromwhich we have taken. thesecontains, a few pages before them the'wordswnttenby0 C f ' ser. arey romScrampore . 'ReI" .the onlything intheworldworth Ii" " r 'A 'glOn IS. . \ lOblor. ndno workImportantasserving GodintheGospel of His Son'If, hketheApostle wed thO . ' . ., 0 ISWithonespirit, great \,.. iI1beourenjoyment and abundant ourreward.'SirGoreOuseleycarriedthe original MS. t St Pburgwhe h . 0 . eters-, re, appel1lngtomentionthefact to theP ,8 HENRYMARTYNInhis Travtls in Little Known ParIs of AsiaMinor,'Dr. vanLennep writes:The Armenian burying.ground, where he was laid, issituated just outside of the town, andhardby the wretchedgipsyquarter whichforms itseasternextremity. It is amost barren and desolate spot, overhung bylofty cliffs ofclay slate. Its onlyverdure, besides the rank weeds thatspring up between the thicklyset graves, consists oftwoscraggy wild peartrees nearlydead for lack of moisture.The sexton ofthe churchncar bycould give noinforma.tion, and Iwas left tosearchfor it alone. Beginningatthe graveslying at the outer edge of the groundnearestthe road, I advanced towards the hill, examiningeachinits turn,until just at thefoot of the overhangingcliffs Icameuponaslab of COarselimestone,someforty inchesbytwenty, bearing thefollowinginscription:Rav. VIII..GUG '. MARTINO.SACER. Ac. MIss. ANGLO.QUEM. I ~ . PATR. Rw.DO:.fINUSHie . BItRISAE. AI>. SB. Voc.PlUM. D. FIDEL. Q. SEa.A.D. MDCCCXIl.HUNe. LAp. CoNSAC.C. I. R.A.D. MDCCCXlII.It was just ten years after this first visit that I wasagain in Tokat, not on a transient visit, but with thepurpose of making that city my permanent abode. Alittle party of us soon repaired to the hallowed spot.Guided bymy recollections and a drawing made at mypreviousvisit, wewere squn at the place; but in the lastI New York, 1870, 2 Y01l. I2mo. Also publil>hcd byJohn Murray,London, 1870. Mr. Rich, British Rlosidentat Baghclnd. who had J.aid this monumental&lab, wasevidently ignorantof Martyn's christianname.THE TWORESTINGPLACESfewyearsit hadundergone aremarkable change. Insteadofthe slab of stonewithitsinscription, whichwe expectedto see, weonly foundasmooth surface of pebbly and sandysoil overgrown with weeds, without vestige of stone ormoundtoindicate the presence of agrave; buttheidentical surroundingswerethere, toowell remembered to bemistaken. Could it be that, as happens in these lawlessregions, the stone had been removed by some ruthlesshand and incorporated in the wall of a neighbouringbuilding? We could not accept that unpleasant conclusion,and, callingthe sexton, we directed himto dig wherewepointed. It was at a depthoftwofeet from t h ~ surfacethat thestone cameintoview: the soil and rubbIshaccu-mulateduponthegravewerethen removed, andwehopedtheplacewouldhereafterneedlittleattention. But, to oursurprise, wefound it again, the ensuingspring, coveredtothesamedepthasbefore. The soilwas washed uponit bythe rainsfromthewholemountainside, andwefoundthatwere a wall built for its protection, the gipsyboys, whomade thistheirplayground, wouldsoonhaveit down.Some timeafterthis, acorrespondence tookplacewithfriendsinLondon, which resultedinagrant beingmade bythelateHon. East India Company's Board of Directors,for thepurposeoferectinga more suitable monument tothe memory of Henry Martyn, tobe placed with his re-mains in the Mission Burying.ground. The monumentwascut out of nativemarble, andmadeby native workmenat Tokat. Theremains were removed under the inspectionof the missionary physician, and though it was difficultpositivelytoidentifythem, therecan be no doubt that whatwasfound onceformedaportion of the earthlytenementof thedevoted and lamented missionary. Therewere noremainsofacoffin; Orientalsneverusethem, andhewasdoubtlesslaidinimmediate contactwith the soil, li