SMARTMICROGRIDSOLUTION:IntegratedDistributedControlfor

EnergyAccessinIndia

LarisaDobrianskyChiefBusiness&RegulatoryInnovaFonsOfficerGeneralMicroGrids,Inc2016NiagaraMicrogridsSymposium10/21/16

AboutGeneralMicroGrids

•  GeneralMicroGrids,IncisaninternaFonalmicrogridsdeveloperandsystemsintegrator,workingwithgovernments,industrialcustomersandcommuniFes.

•  AsaSystemsIntegrator,GMIseekstoprovide“endtoend”soluFonswithintheelectricityvaluechain(from“sourcetosink”)forthepowersystemintegraFonandporVoliomanagementofRenewableEnergyandDemand-sideResources,usingSmartMicrogridtechnologies.

•  Safe,controllableandreliableMicrogridsintegraFngrenewablegeneraFonoffercomplementaryinfrastructurewithcustomerassetstoincreasegridreliability,stabilizelong-termenergycostsandenhanceenvironmentalquality.

•  UsinginformaFon,communicaFonsandcontroltechnologies,“smartmicrogrids”canhelpcommuniFesachieveintegratedenergysoluFons.

ENERGYACCESSININDIA

DriversforRuralElectrifica9onSmartMicrogridsCanProvideNewSolu9onsforEnergyAccessBarriersandIndia’sRuralElectrifica9onPrograms:ChangingfromBoFomUp&TopDown(ProjectandMarketDevelopment)LeveragingPublicSupportforPrivateInvestment:Buildinga“PolicyEco-System”forSmartMicrogridMarketDevelopment“BoFomUp”RegulatorySupportTechnologyStandards,ResourceAssessments,PilotsandWorkforceTraining:“TopDownandBoFomUp”“TopDown”MarketDevelopment:FinancialInterven9onsandinnova9ons

DRIVERSFORRURALELECTRIFICATIONLargestunelectrifiedpopula9onintheworld;Approximately400millionPeoplelackaccesstopowerinIndia;Vastareasunderservedorfacefrequentblackoutsandbrownouts;PerCapitaconsump9onofelectricityisonlyaboutone-fourthofworldaverage;LackofEnergyAccessdrivingpopulaceintocrowdedci9es;IEAes9matesthattoachieveuniversalaccess70%ofruralareasworldwidethatlackaccesswillneedtobe“connected”usingalterna9vedeliverynetworks(minigrids,microgrids)andnewpowersourcesthatreachareaswhereitisnoteconomicallyfeasibletoextendcentralgridservices;Poli9calpressurestodelivertherequisiteenergytosa9sfyincreasingenergydemandinIndiaandtodevelopnewresourcestofuelproduc9vity;AdvancementsandCostReduc9onsinDistributedTechnologiesaremakingthesetechnologiescost-effec9veagainstDieselGeneratorsandchangingthevalueproposi9onofcleanDistributedEnergyResources(DER);India’s“SmartGridVisionandRoadmap”(Roadmap)reflectsashibfromIndia’stradi9onalhighlycentralized,target-driven,supply-pushelectricitysectorstrategytocombiningdecentralizedenergyelementsandreorien9ngtoacustomer/demand-drivenapproachusingsmarttechnologies;theRoadmapsetsrigorousdistributedresource,microgridtargetstoprovideuniversalaccess,managepeakdemand,op9mallyuseinstalledcapacityandeliminateloadsheddingandblackouts;AdvancedinICTandTelecommunica9onsareaffec9ngalmosteveryfacetoflife.

POTENTIALFORSMARTMICROGRIDSHighcostsofCentralGridextensionintoruralandremoteareasnecessitatealterna9vedecentralizedop9onssuchassmartmicrogridsandbuildingthecaseforprivateinvestment;SmartMicrogridscouldprovideacost-effec9vealterna9vetoCentralGridExtension;Microgridsystemslessexpensivethanmacrogridduetolowerinfrastructurecapitalcostandlowercostofopera9ons(avoidingtransmissionanddistribu9onlosses);Designedandoperatedeffec9velycouldprovidemorereliablepower,ensurelocalenergysecurity,uselocallyavailablerenewableenergysources;Renewable-energybasedmicrogridscoulddisplacediesel-basedgenera9onandreducecarbonfootprint;SmartMicrogridscouldbebuiltuponhouseholdsystems,off-gridligh9ngdevicesandminigrids,toprovideelectricityservicesonagreaterscaleandatlesscost;goingbeyondresiden9alapplica9ons,toprovidepowerforcommercialandagriculturalapplica9ons,buildingproduc9vityinthelocaleconomy;Smartmicrogridscouldreducethemarginalcostsassociatedwithuseofindividualsupplyandrenewabletechnologies;SmartMicrogridscouldfosterdemand-sidemanagementanddemand-sideresponse;reducepoweroutages,increasereliability,efficiencyandsafety,andprovidecustomers/communi9escontrolovertheirenergyusage.

MICROGRIDS:INTEGRATEDDISTRIBUTEDCONTROL

“Smart”MicrogridsScalableandSustainable–MovingfromFacilityClusterstoVillagestoNetworkedVillages

SmartMicrogridsareintelligentelectricitydistribu9onnetworksthatinterconnectloads,distributedenergyresourcesandstoragewithinclearlydefinedelectricalboundariestoactasasinglecontrollableenFtythatcanbegrid-connectedorisolated.Featuresinclude:•  Sensing,communicaFonandcontroltechnologiesusedtogenerate,manage,

distributeanduseelectricitymoreintelligentlyandeffecFvely•  ElectricitysuppliedbyadiverserangeofDER(dieselgensets,solarPV,micro-hydro

plants,windturbines,biomass,bio-gas,etc.)•  Distributedresourcestreatedasanintegratedandautonomoussystem•  MicrogridconfiguraFonlocalizedtoacustomer,communityorregion•  Intelligentloadandenergyresourcemanagement;balancingloadswith

renewable’svariablegeneraFon•  Integratestorage,loadshiaing,baseplusvariablegeneraFonwithsmartergrid•  Self-healing(detect,analyze,respondandrestoreitselfincaseofdisrupFons),self-

configuring,plugandplayIndia’sRoadmapMicrogridTargets:1,000villages,industrialparks,commercialhubsby2017;10,000by2022;20,000by2027whichcanislandfrommacrogridduringpeakhoursandgriddisturbances.

MICROGRIDS:INTEGRATEDDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLSmartMicrogrids,unlike“Minigrids,”canprovide“IntelligentDistributedEnergyManagement,”providingcoordinaFonandcontroltointegratemulFpledistributedenergy,energystorgeanddemand-sideassetswithinacommongrid;andusingspecializedhardwareandsoawaresystemstomanageandopFmizeassets;Dis9nguishingFeatures:IntegraFonofmulFpleDERs,ensuringmaximumuseofrenewableenergysources;Resourceandloadprofiling,controllingandforecasFng;Centralizedcontrol(SmartHybridController/IntelligentDispatchController)forresourceopFmizaFonanddemandmanagement;LoadprioriFzaFon;IntegratedcommunicaFonsinfrastructure;Real-FmedataacquisiFonandmonitoringofelectricalandphysicalsignals;MinimizedoutagesandfastresponsetonetworkdisturbancesthroughautomaFcconnect/disconnectofsystemcomponents(TERIRETREAT)Poten9alBankability(“SustainabilityandScalability”):•  Technical:ReliableoperaFonoverexpectedlifeFme,minimaldownFme;modular

abilitytocontrol,manageandopFmizemulFplesupplyanddemandassetstobalancesupplyanddemandinrealFme;

•  Economic:EnergyandcostsavingsfromassetporVolioopFmizaFoncangeneraterevenuestreams;Strikingabalancebetweenwhatcustomerswillingtopayandensuringprojectfinancialviability(adequaterevenuetocoveroperaFonalexpenses,liabiliFesandprofit;NetworkingandenergysharingcouldreduceoperaFonalcosts/improveeconomiesofscale;ConfiguretodemandgrowthandtosupportcommunityproducFvity;Systemsarchitecturemaximizesbenefitsandmimimizesmarginalcostsofcomponenttechnologies.

SMARTMICROGRIDS:SUSTAINABLEANDSCALABLE

•  Social:Structuredtopromotepublic-privatepartnershipsandbuildgovernanceframeworksbasedoncommunitybuy-inandengagement;DevelopmentandoperaFonsalignedwithframeworksthatreflecttheHuman,SocialandCulturalcontext(HSC);DevelopmentoflocallyavailableresourcesanddesignandoperaFonofsystemstailoredtodeveloplocalenterprisesandincreaselivelihoodproducFvity;NetworkingofmicrogridcellsacrossvillageclustersenableenergysharingamongcommuniFeswithcostreducFons;

•  Scalability:“SystemofSystems,”buildingonlighFngsystems,solarhomesystems,minigridsandvillageloadclusters,interacFngwithothermicrogridswithinlocalenergynetworksandpotenFallyservingasamacrogridresource.“Distributednetworkedsystemsfacilitateenergysharingandmeetenergyrequirementscost-effecFvelythroughdiversifiedporVolioofassets;Horizontal(DemandgrowthfrompopulaFongrowth)andVerFcal(Increasedcustomerdemand)scalability;

•  Environmental:Maximizeefficienciesanduseofresources,loweringemissionsandadvancingresourceintegraFon(water,waste,transportbuildingssustainability);

•  Equity:Intelligentdistributedenergymanagementcanyieldmoreequitableandcost-effecFveresults,providinguniversal,homogeneousservicequality(reliability,powerquality,resourceavailabilityandsecurity,whilealsosaFsfyingheterogeneousneeds.

Poten9allySmartMicrogridsas“Integra9veAgents”:Fostering“IntegratedPowerDelivery”(Off-GridandOn-Grid)withinan“IntegratedGrid”(notaSuper-LegacyGrid)

BARRIERSandRISKSTradi9onalU9lityBusinessModel:CostineffecFvetoextendintoruralareas;DoesnotrecognizeandfullytakeintoaccountDER,microgrids,energyefficiency/capabilityofmicrogridstocost-effecFvelyharnessbenefitsofDER/loadmanagement;EconomicChallenges:Lowload(dispersedpopulaFons/lowdensiFes)andenergyrequirements,highcosttoserve,highupfrontcapitalcosts,lowcapacityfactors,inabilityofcustomerstopay,centralgridextensionuncertainty,highertariffs;TechnicalObstacles:MicrogridstradiFonallycustomized/hardtoreplicate;construcFonandperformancedelays;technologyfailures;limitedlocaltechnicalcapacityandweaksupplychainlinkages;LackofinsFtuFonalarrangementstoassurereliable/efficientO&M;IncreasedcostsofenergystorageforusingintermifentRE;RegulatoryImpediments:Lackofenablingpolicy,legalandinsFtuFonalenvironmentforinvestmentindecentralizedenergysoluFons;LegacyregimesupportsdistribuFonnetworksthat“lock-in”useoftradiFonalfuels/bulkpowersupplies;DER/microgridsnotfactoredintouFlityleast-costdeterminaFons/planning/operaFons;Lackofdisputemechanisms;Uncertaintysurroundingdevelopmentandpermigngprocesses;LackofstandardoperaFngprocedures,quality/health/safetystandards;FinancingHurdles:Differentrisk/returnequaFonthanfortradiFonalinfrastructure;DesignofsubsidiestoaddressiniFalcostshavenotledtoself-sustaininginvestments;Lackoffinancialsupportfor“Middle”businessdevelopmentstage;Uniformtariffandpaymentmethodsnotadequate;Highercostsofcapital;longpaybackperiods.

BARRIERSANDRISKSIndia’sProgramstakea“Legacy”Approachto“RuralElectrifica9on”/GridExtension,notreflec9ngthechangingenergylandscaperecognizedinIndia’s“Roadmap;”“Electrifica9on”needstobedefinedconsistentlyinon-gridandoff-gridprogramstoassureaccesstoreliablepowerflowsthroughgridextensionoralterna9vedeliveryschemes;nota10%electrificaFoncriterionthatfocusessoleyoninstallaFonofhardware;Alegaldefini9onof“Microgrids”isneeded,onethatisbasedonfunc9onsandthatisconsistentwithIndia’s“ModelSmartGridRegula9ons;”MNRERuralElectrifica9onsupportsdevelopmentof“Minigrids”:MinigridsystemiscomprisedofgeneraFonanddistribuFon,operaFngatorbelow11KV,whichaddressesmulFpleloadsinalimitedarea(eitherasastandalonesystemoroneconnectedwiththegrid);RemoteVillageElectrifica9onProgramseeks10,000Renewable-basedminigridsover5years,eachwithacapacityoffrom10KWupto500KW;“Microgrids”areasubsetofMinigrids,havingRE-basedgeneraFoncapacityofbelow10KWandprovidedirectcurrent.MOP’sDecentralizedDistributedGenera9onschemeunderitsRGGVYgridextensionprogramsupportsisolated“minigrids.”LackofAlignmentandHarmoniza9onofProgramsatFederal,StateandLocalGovernmentalLevels,resulFnginoverlappinganduncoordinatediniFaFves.

Microgrid“Dynamic”inPowerSystemReformandRuralElectrifica9on

•

• Lackofenablingregulatory,insFtuFonalandmarketenvironments

• FinancingcleanefficientDER/MicrogridInfrastructuredifferentthantradiFonalgeneraFon/powersystems

• LackofeducaFonandskills

• RequirescommunityparFcipaFon

• Verysmall“microgrid”systemsnoteconomicallyviable

• Tendencytoextendlegacygrid

• CommercialdevelopmentversuspublicresponsibiliFesandobligaFons

• Commercialreturnsoninvestmentandtruepricing

•  Buildingmoreresilient,adapFveandtransacFvepowersystems;InformandMoFvate

•  Shiaingtomoredecentralizedsystems,recognizingsmartmicrogridsasessenFalbuildingblockwithinatransformedpowersystem

•  Differentrisk/returnequaFonforEnergyIntegratedSystems;Newco-benefits/efficiencies;Catalyzelocalenergyandeconomicdevelopment

•  NaFonal,stateandlocalpublicandprivateprograms•  Developcommunity-basedmodelsfordistribuFon

systems(co-operaFves;communityboardsfor“microgrid”developments)

•  Scalability,Grid-InterconnecFon,PowerMarketAccess,LocalEnergyNetworks

•  NaFonal,provincialmicrogridauthorizaFonplans;DevelopincenFvesfor500kWto40MWsustainablecommunityprojects

•  Scaletotype,funcFons,ownershipandobligaFons•  Market-based;power/informaFondynamicpricing

ChallengesNaturalUFlitymonopolies;CommandandControl

OpportuniFes

LEVERAGINGPUBLICSUPPORTTOATTRACTPRIVATECAPITAL

StrikingaBalancebetweenDevelopmentalGoalsandSelf-SustainingInvestment:NeedLightRegulaFonandPolicyDesignforBankability,ScalabilityandSustainability;Suppor9ngNewIntelligentDistributedEnergyManagement:“SystemofSystems,”incorporaFngenergyefficiency,renewableenergy,smartgridateachdevelopmentalstagetogrowproducFveenterpriseswithenergyaccess;Buildinga“PolicyEco-System”BoFomUpandTopDown:AddressingThreetosupportMicrogridMarketDevelopmentforeconomicallyandecologicallyviableruralelectrifica9on:•  Policy,Regulatory,Ins9tu9onal,Governance•  TechnicalStandards,QualityAssurance,ResourceAssessmentsandWorkforce

Training•  FinancialInterven9ons,Innova9onandMarketDevelopment

REGULATORYSUPPORTFORMICROGRIDS(AddressingMarketGaps/Failures)

New“IntegratedGrid”Paradigm:RecognizingandMoneFzingC/BofDistributedResources,MicrogridsandEnergyEfficiency;Buildinga“Smart”MicrogridBusinessModelforIntelligentDistributedEnergyManagement(RiskManagement,ScaleandNetworkDevelopment);Enablingregula9onforSPPs,SPDsbasedonsizenotsufficient,needsupportforMicrogridsandDistributedNetworkedElectricitySystemsasalterna9vedeliverysystems;accommodatenewelectricitynetworkswheremorecost-effecFvethantradiFonaldeliveryinfrastructure;“MacrogridReady”:LegacyorIntegratedGrid?•  LegacyGridExtension:DismantleorRelocateDistribuFonAssetsorSolely

GeneratePower;•  IntegrateLocalEnergyNetworksintoModernizedGrid(PlanningandPreparaFon

forInterconnecFon/GridcompaFble;UFlityDistribuFon“Franchises”linkedtolocaleconomicproducFvity/FIT–PPAtosupportcommercialviabilty;

•  FuncFonalUnitsofElectricValueChain;Address“Dark”UDCfeederlines;•  AlternaFvely,insFtuFonalizeRuralCooperaFves.

REGULATORYSUPPORTFORMICROGRIDS

GovernanceFrameworksandPPPStructures–FlexibilityneededrelaFngtoownership/managementtoencourageinvestment;CommunityOpFons/VillagePowerBoard(publicandprivatemembers);MicrogridOwnershipandManagement(DBOOM–DevelopmentCompany,ManagementCompany,SPV;Clarifyrolesunderdifferentownershipandgovernancestructures;LinkingMicrogridInvestmenttodevelopmentofProduc9veCommunityEnterprises:SystemdesignandoperaFontoimpacttangiblyeconomicdevelopment;integrateresourcesandfuturerequirementstosupportdemandgrowthandgenerateincome;SecureTenantAnchorstoAssureDemandandSupportGrowth:PublicInsFtuFons(MunicipalfaciliFes,healthclinics,hospitals,industrialandagriculturalsites,etc.),TelecommTowers(PPAs)Tariff/RateDesign:Movetowardscost-reflecFvepricingtoassurecostrecoveryandreturnoninvestment,aswellasachievingdevelopmentalgoals;TariffsbasedonmarketcondiFonsandcoststructureswithcommunitybuy-in/energy-basedtariffs;CouldindexpricetonextalternaFveelectricitysourceorprovidereverseaucFonsundercommonparametersandcommercialprinciples;NeedmoreconsistencyandtransparencyinapplicaFonforbusinessplanning;

REGULATORYSUPPORTFORMICROGRIDSDesigningPublicSubsidiestoManageTransi9ontoSelf-SustainingInvestments•  CurrentlytargetedatiniFaltechnologyinstallaFontokeeptariffsaffordableto

customers,butnotO&M;•  Subsidiesthatcomplementtariffsneedtobeadequate,disbursedinaFmely

mannerandsetminimalbureaucraFchurdles;•  CombinaFonofcapitalandgeneraFon(FIT)subsidiesadvisable;•  Designing“Performance-Based”SubsidiestoassureO&M;disbursement

mechanismsresults-basedtoincentconFnueduse,operaFon,maintenancewithM&V.

“Transac9ve”BusinessModels:“PayasGo”/Prepay;Tradeable/Market-BasedEnergyBlockTariffandAccounFngModelwithdecliningsubsidy;TERISolar/MicrogridModularUnits;NetworkMicrogridCells(ResourceIntegraFonandEnergySharing)Si9ng,BusinessRegistra9on/LicensingandPerminng:RequirementsscaledtosizeandfuncFonalcharacterisFcs;reasonableintermsofduraFon,specificityandothercondiFonsforapproval;StrikingbalancebetweenassuringreasonableserviceataffordablecostsforcustomersandfacilitaFnginvestmentandreducingtransacFonalcostsfordevelopers(structureto“scale”ofuFlityservice);AppropriateregulaFonshelpprovidemeansforestablishingtechnicalandfinancialrelaFonshipswithstateandcentralhighervoltageuFliFes;ConsolidateintoonesetofstandardizedproceduresbusinessregistraFon,registraFonforsubsidies,landpurchaseandenvironmentalassessment;Specificallyauthorizemicrogrid/networkdevelopmentwithin“off-grid”designatedzones.

TECHNICALSTANDARDS,RESOURCEASSESSMENTS,PILOTSANDHSC

TechnicalStandards(Safety,Reliability,EnergySecurity,Health,EnvironmentalQuality)“size”tofitscale,complexityoffuncFonsandoperaFons,marketcondiFons;SupportadequatesuppliesofequipmentfrommanufacturersandvendorsforFmelymaintenance,repairandreplacement;Standardizesystem/controlspecificaFons;QualityAssuranceFrameworkandBusinessCodes,strikingbalancebetweenqualityandcosttosupportdemandgrowthandcommunityengagement;Human,SocialandCulturalBestPrac9ces(HSC)–Capacity-building,TrainingandEducaFonofVillageasManager,EmployeesandConsumers•  AligningBusinessModelwithCommunity’sVision,AspiraFons,Resources,Culture•  DesignProcess:CommunityEngagement,Design,Deployment,UFlizaFon/

OperaFons•  IncreasingProducFvityofLivelihoodsandLocalEconomies•  HSCTeamsbyDonorsandGovernmentAgencies•  CodesofEthics

TECHNICALSTANDARDS,RESOURCEASSESSMENTS,PILOTSANDHSC

Pilots/Demonstra9ons:SegngBaselines,QuanFfyingCostsandBenefits,EM&V;LessonsLearned;ModelSmartGridRegula9onstoreflect“VisionandRoadmap”Targets;USDOE/MOSTRD&DConsorFumunderPACE/CEM;ResourceAssessments:DevelopmentofLocalBankstargetedathighimpactareasforsiFngandconstrucFon;Regionalresourceassessmentsgeneratedataregardingavailableresources,locaFonsandrenewablepowergeneraFonpotenFalforlocaFons,energydemand,loadvariances;FacilitateRegionalSmartMicrogridDevelopment;Cost-Effec9veTechnologyPlaoorm:EvaluateCoststructuresofdifferentcombinaFonsoftechnologiesinlightoflocalresourcesandcircumstancestoprovidehighquality,affordableandreliableelectricityforlighFng,communicaFons,watersupply,moFvepowerandotherservices;GridInterconnec9onStandards:Streamlined/publishedgrid-interconnecFonstandardsandislandedoperaFonstandardstoreduceuncertainFessurroundingcentralgridextensionandtoassuresafetyandsecurityofbothcentralandmicrogrid;Detailfinancialcosts,technicalstandardsandtariffsegng.

MARKETDEVELOPMENT:FINANCIALINTERVENTIONSANDINNOVATIONS

ThreeFormsofInterrelatedFinancing:GovernmentalFinancialIncen9vesandPublicSubsidies,Debt/EquityFinancingfromBanksandInvestors,CustomerTariffsfromratepayersandPowerPurchaseAgreementsfromoff-takersandotherrevenuestreams;LackofLong-termfinancingstemsfromuncertainFessurroundingreturnoninvestmentandrevenuestreams(“bankability”Programma9cChangesforStandardizingandStreamliningProjectDevelopmentProcess•  StandardizeCriteriaforBankabilityofInvestments;Prequalifica9oncriteria•  StandardizeMeasurementandValua9on:PerformanceMetrics,Benchmarking,

C/BAnaly9calFrameworks;MovingTowardCost-Reflec9vePricingandTariffStructures;SmartGridAgenda:AlignDemonstra9onProgramwithSmartGridVisionandRoadmapandIncorporateRuralElectrifica9onDemonstra9onsusingsmartmicrogridstoaddressenergyaccessandavailability;Developmentofan“IntegratedGrid”AlignFederal,StateandLocalRuralElectrifica9onProgramsunderVisionandRoadmap;NetworkedMicrogridCellsallowvillagestobeclusteredforabundledinfrastructureapproachusingstandardizedarchitecture,reducingoverallcosts,whichcouldbespreadacrossvillages;

MARKETDEVELOPMENT:FINANCIALINTERVENTIONSANDINNOVATIONS

BuildingSolidPartnershipsVer9callyandHorizontally:RuralElectrificaFonCorporaFon,StateNodalRenewableEnergyDevelopmentAgencies,PublicSectorOrganizaFons,RuralEnergyServiceProviders;FederalAgencies(MOP,MNRE,BIS,CEA,FOR,etc.),FinancialInsFtuFons(NABARD/IREDA/RRB/CommercialBanks),CommuniFes/Villages(Panchayats);SERCsandDISCOMsTarge9ngPublicSupportandStructuringFinancingtoEngagePrivateCommercialBanksandInvestors:Governmentofferingoutput-basedandperformance-basedgrants,financingandincenFves;Government-ownedbanksprovidelowinterestloanstodevelopersandinterestsubsidiescouldreduceratesforcommercialloans;also,GovernmentInsFtuFoncanprovidecreditenhancementbyguaranteeingfinancialinsFtuFonspaymentineventofdefaultbyborrower,backedupbyadedicatedfund;PoliciesthatpromotesmartmicrogridsoluFonsprovidersasaPriorityLendingSectorforIndianBankstofacilitatedebtfinancing;PromoFonofSmartMicrogridDevelopmentCompaniestoaddressdifferentfacetsofmicrogriddevelopment;BilateralandMul9na9onalFinancialSupport:MezzanineDebtwithConcessionalFinancing(subordinateddebttoimprovevalueofprojectbyraisinglevelofprojectequityandthuscreditworthinessofproject.

VillagesCanBeNetworked

VREM

VREM

VREM

VREM

VREM

Regional Solar Farm

Regional Wind Farm

Regional Distribution Network

Small City Microgrid

Biofuels Complex

ThankYou

GeneralMicroGrids

BalancingEnergyforasmarter,renewable-drivengrid

LarisaDobrianskyChiefBusiness&Regulatory

InnovaFonsOfficerLarisaDobriansky@GeneralMicroGrids.com017039201377