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TRANSCRIPT
1 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Smart Cities Technologies, Big Data & Privacy
Mischa Dohler
Professor, King’s College London, UK
Fellow & Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE
Board of Directors, Worldsensing
Editor-in-Chief, ETT
Keynote @ URSI
Paris, France
26/03/2014
2 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
1 Smart City Applications
3 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Smart Cities IoT/M2M Applications
4 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Industrial IoT/M2M Applications
© Worldsensing
5 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Smart City Control Platform
Smart Parking
Traffic Flow
Travel Time
Smart Bins
Historic Sites
Proven Technologies
With Solid Deployment
Track-Record Today!
Critical Infrastr.
© Worldsensing
Today’s Smart City Rollouts
6 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
2 Data Access Technologies
7 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
M2M Prime Business Criteria
Reliability
Availability
Zigbee-like
Bluetooth LE
Low Power Wifi
Low Power Wide Area
Cellular 3GPP MTC
Wired M2M
Availability = coverage, roaming, mobility, critical mass in rollout, etc.
Reliability = resilience to interference, throughput guarantees, low outages, etc.
(Total Cost of Ownership = CAPEX, OPEX.)
8 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Standardized M2M Protocol Stacks
Application
Transport
Networking
MAC
PHY
IETF CORE
Lightweight TCP, UDP
IETF ROLL
6LowPAN
802.15.4/e Industrial
Apps.
802.15.4-2006/g Smart Grids/k Low-Energy Infrastructure
Monitoring
HTTP, etc.
TCP, UDP
IPv4, IPv6
802.11g/ac/ad/ah
Zigbee-Like Low Power Wifi
Capillary M2MM2M Area Neworks
Cellular M2M
LTE/LTE-ANetworking Layer
LTE/LTE-ALink LayerIE
EEIE
TF
3G
PP
LTE/LTE-A MTC
802.15.4/f RFID
IETF 6TSCH
9 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Problems of ZigBee-like Solutions
Interference in ISM No Global Infrastructure
Lack of Interoperability Higher Total Cost
2bn Wifi Devices
WPA2/PSK/TLS/SSL
10 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Advantages of Low-Power WiFi
Ubiquitous Infrastructure Vibrant Standard
Interference Management Sound Security
2bn Wifi Devices 300 members
NAV Medium
Reservation
WPA2/PSK/TLS/SSL
1%
1%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
0.50.8
1.32.1
3.34.5
5.8
350%
Number of Wi-Fi Public Hotspots in the World
(in million), 2009-2015
Metro & Core Networks
Data centers
Local (Wi-Fi Home/Wi-Fi Hotspots)
Mobile access networks (4G LTE)
2012 2015 Lo 2015 Hi
9173
32424
42957
57%
55%59%
16%26%
1%
34%
31%10%
9%
Total Annual Wireless Cloud Energy Consumption (GWh),
2012-2015
Source: Wireless Broadband Access (WBA), Informa, Nov. 2011
11 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Advantages of LPWA M2M Networks
Large Coverage Low Cost
Available Today Operator Model
12 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Current Eco-System
Sigfox (market leader in Q1 2014):
technical: sub-GHz, UNB, very long range, one-way
business approach: operator, yearly license fee; Intel Ventures €10 million VC
On-Ramp:
technical: 2.4GHz ISM band; “Random Phase Multiple Access”; 170dB link budget
business approach: equipment provider mainly; Managed Service SLA possible
Cycleo (now Semtech):
technical: sub-GHz, CDMA-based, long range
business approach: equipment provider
Neul:
technical: initially TVWS only; now shift into other bands too (notably licensed!)
business approach: originally only equipment; now SLA possible
13 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Performance Comparison © Orange, excerpt from PhD Thesis of Dr Quentin Lampin:
15 years lifetime
LPWA Network Mesh Network
14 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Advantages of Cellular M2M
Ubiquitous Coverage Mobility & Roaming
Interference Control Service Platforms
15 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Improving RACH Procedure
© Massimo Condoluci, Mischa Dohler, Antonella Molinaro, Giuseppe Araniti
new
16 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
3 Virtualization, Data and Privacy
17 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Virtualization & Cloudification
© http://clout-project.eu; partly also developed in ICT-VITRO
18 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Closing the Data Cycle
19 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Data Privacy
millennia 1st Industrial
Revolution 2nd 3rd
privacy
image © by Lesley Sandles / Alamy
Privacy – Illusion or Fundamental Right?
20 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
4 Concluding Remarks
21 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Do citizens care about Smart Cities?
22 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
vehemence of “no”,
or speed of walking
time Beginning of
Question
End of
Question
Really Surprising Outcome!
image © by zenhabits.net
Surprising Correlations
23 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
The biggest challenge of this early part of the 21st century is to bootstrap the undoubtedly high-potential smart city market in cities which are essentially broke.
“A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars. It’s where the rich use public transportation.” Gustavo Petro, Mayor of Bogota
24 © 2014 Mischa Dohler
Smart Cities Technologies, Big Data & Privacy
Mischa Dohler
Professor, King’s College London, UK
Fellow & Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE
Board of Directors, Worldsensing
Editor-in-Chief, ETT
Keynote @ URSI
Paris, France
26/03/2014