S

SMART GRID FORENSIC SCIENCE: APPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES, AND

OPEN ISSUES

11

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION SMART METERS AND SUBMETERING SCADA NETWORK FORENSIC ANALYSIS WIDE AREA SYSTEM FORENSIC ANALYSIS DISASTER FORENSIC ANALYSIS CHALLENGES OF SMART GRID FORENSICS OPEN ISSUES CONCLUSION REFERENCES

2

INTRODUCTION

Smart grid forensic science is a newly flourishing research area

Coupled with cyber and physical security of the smart grid

Useful in identification of persons involved in

electricity theft and attacks

The smart grid attacks may initiate from various parts of the power system

3

SMART METERS AND SUBMETERING

Smart meter features include collecting consumption information

Smart meters and AMI can play a significant role in the prevention of electricity theft

Provide fine-grained consumption data compared to analog meters

4

Smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure

5

SCADA NETWORK FORENSIC ANALYSIS

SCADA is the common monitoring and control system

Data from the SCADA system can be use as an evidence

Forensic readiness of SCADA is a developing field

6

SCADA network, corporate LAN, and remote sites

7

WIDE AREA SYSTEM FORENSIC ANALYSIS

Reliability of smart grid depends on wide area measurement

For the wide area transmission, PMU has important role

Target of load-based attacks

PMUs provide valuable forensic information

8

PMUs, PDCs, storage and a super-PDC under utility and ISO domains

9

DISASTER FORENSIC ANALYSIS

The power grid are built to withstand natural disasters

Post-mortem analysis of a disaster it will give the idea about the limitations

Physical security of the communication systems is important

Important to be able to collect information seconds before a failure

10

Power System under Lightning

11

CHALLENGES OF SMART GRID FORENSICS

Privacy and security are the important challenging issues

Forensic methods should not violate the privacy of citizens

Smart grid measurements require a large space over

a long period of time

Difficulty of performing live analysis in SCADA system

12

A summary of applications, challenges

13

OPEN ISSUES

Collected information that can easily become a target of an attack

Data from AMI, the SCADA network, and the PMU network require sophisticated processing

Forensic readiness of SCADA systems is a developing field

14

CONCLUSION

Smart grid forensic science, which is an emerging field that requires experts

Some of the applications, the challenges and open issues are pointed out

The paper aims to serve as a roadmap for future smart grid forensic studies

15

REFERENCES [1] Melike Erol-Kantarci and Hussein T. Mouftah

“Smart Grid Forensic Science: Applications, Challenges, and Open Issues” IEEE Communications Magazine January 2013

[2] Patrick McDaniel “Security and Privacy Challenges in the Smart Grid”, Security & Privacy, June 2009

[3] Anthony R. Metke and Randy “Smart Grid Security Technology”, Innovative Smart Grid Technologies(ISGT), January 2010

[4] T. Kilpatrick et al., “Forensic Analysis of SCADA Systems and Networks,” International Journal on Security and Networks, volume. 3, no. 2, 2008

16

17