smallpox vaccination for response teams

Smallpox Vaccination for Response Teams

The Decision is Yours!The Decision is Yours!

of

and

US Government Backs Vaccination

After the events of September and October, After the events of September and October, 2001, the US government took steps to 2001, the US government took steps to improve the country’s preparedness against improve the country’s preparedness against terrorism, including bioterrorism.terrorism, including bioterrorism.

On Friday, December 13, 2002, President On Friday, December 13, 2002, President Bush announced plans to provide specific Bush announced plans to provide specific groups of people with smallpox groups of people with smallpox vaccinations.vaccinations.

Vaccination is voluntaryVaccination is voluntary

Smallpox Response Teams Public Health Response Teams (5 regional teams)Public Health Response Teams (5 regional teams)

Physician team leaderPhysician team leader EpidemiologistEpidemiologist Public health nurse/vaccinatorPublic health nurse/vaccinator Lab workerLab worker Law enforcement agentLaw enforcement agent State regional plannerState regional planner LINCS regional plannerLINCS regional planner Industrial hygienistIndustrial hygienist

Smallpox Response Teams Hospital Health Care Response Teams (1 per hospital)Hospital Health Care Response Teams (1 per hospital)

ED and ICU nurses, physicians, techniciansED and ICU nurses, physicians, technicians Housekeeping/laundry Housekeeping/laundry Security Security Respiratory therapy Respiratory therapy Infection control Infection control Lab Lab Sub-specialists: Pulmonary, Dermatology, ID, Peds, etcSub-specialists: Pulmonary, Dermatology, ID, Peds, etc Engineering/HVACEngineering/HVAC Occupational health/vaccinatorsOccupational health/vaccinators

What you need to know…

Smallpox DiseaseSmallpox Disease Smallpox VaccineSmallpox Vaccine Normal and abnormal vaccine reactionsNormal and abnormal vaccine reactions Caring for the vaccination siteCaring for the vaccination site Who should not get the vaccineWho should not get the vaccine Risks vs benefitsRisks vs benefits

What you need to know… Smallpox – The risksSmallpox – The risks

Smallpox has been eradicated worldwide Smallpox has been eradicated worldwide There has not been a case of smallpox There has not been a case of smallpox

since 1977since 1977 Historically, 30% of smallpox patients Historically, 30% of smallpox patients

dieddied Smallpox virus samples are retained by Smallpox virus samples are retained by

two recognized authorities, one in US, two recognized authorities, one in US, one in Russiaone in Russia

No imminent threat of an attack with No imminent threat of an attack with smallpoxsmallpox

What you need to know… Smallpox – The DiseaseSmallpox – The Disease

A serious, contagious, and sometimes fatal A serious, contagious, and sometimes fatal disease caused by variola virusdisease caused by variola virus

Virus spreads through the air, infected body Virus spreads through the air, infected body fluids, contaminated objects such as clothing fluids, contaminated objects such as clothing and bed linensand bed linens

Historically the death rate was 30%Historically the death rate was 30% No specific treatment or cureNo specific treatment or cure Only prevention is vaccinationOnly prevention is vaccination Disease was eradicated worldwide in 1978, Disease was eradicated worldwide in 1978,

general vaccination in US ended in 1972general vaccination in US ended in 1972

Smallpox

What you need to know… Smallpox – The VaccineSmallpox – The Vaccine

The only effective preventionThe only effective prevention Made from live vaccinia virusMade from live vaccinia virus Vaccination site must be cared for very Vaccination site must be cared for very

carefully to avoid further spread of viruscarefully to avoid further spread of virus Side effectsSide effects Provides high level of protection 3-5 Provides high level of protection 3-5

years, decreases with timeyears, decreases with time


Smallpox – The Vaccine cont.Smallpox – The Vaccine cont. Vaccine given by a needle with two Vaccine given by a needle with two

points (“bifurcated needle”)points (“bifurcated needle”)


Needle dipped into a vial of liquid vaccineNeedle dipped into a vial of liquid vaccine

What you need to know… Skin of upper arm is pricked several timesSkin of upper arm is pricked several times

Sore spot and small drop of blood formSore spot and small drop of blood form

What you need to know… Smallpox Vaccination ProgressionSmallpox Vaccination Progression

What you need to know… Normal vaccination reactionsNormal vaccination reactions


Abnormal vaccination reactionsAbnormal vaccination reactions Generalized vacciniaGeneralized vaccinia Inadvertant inoculationInadvertant inoculation DeathDeath


When the vaccine virus spreads to other When the vaccine virus spreads to other parts of the body, it is known as parts of the body, it is known as autoinoculation.autoinoculation.

Caring for the vaccination siteCaring for the vaccination site

Cover site with gauze bandage, use medical tape to Cover site with gauze bandage, use medical tape to keep in placekeep in place

Wear a shirt that covers the siteWear a shirt that covers the site Change bandage every 1-2 daysChange bandage every 1-2 days WASH HANDS with soap and water after contact WASH HANDS with soap and water after contact

with bandages or touching vaccination sitewith bandages or touching vaccination site Keep site dry. When showering, cover site with a Keep site dry. When showering, cover site with a

waterproof bandage or plastic kitchen wrap over waterproof bandage or plastic kitchen wrap over the gauze padthe gauze pad

Put contaminated bandages in sealed plastic bag Put contaminated bandages in sealed plastic bag and throw awayand throw away

Wash clothing or any other materials that come in Wash clothing or any other materials that come in contact with vaccine sitecontact with vaccine site


Caring for the vaccination siteCaring for the vaccination site

What you need to know… Smallpox Vaccine – The risksSmallpox Vaccine – The risks

The vaccine virus is live and can be The vaccine virus is live and can be spread to other parts of the body, or to spread to other parts of the body, or to other peopleother people

Side effects – normal include fever, Side effects – normal include fever, soreness, muscle and head achessoreness, muscle and head aches

Side effects can also be severe, even life Side effects can also be severe, even life threateningthreatening

Certain groups of people should not Certain groups of people should not receive the vaccinereceive the vaccine

What you need to know… Who should NOT get the smallpox vaccineWho should NOT get the smallpox vaccine

Eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, Eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, burns, open skin conditionsburns, open skin conditions

Weakened immune systemsWeakened immune systems HIV positiveHIV positive Pregnant, breastfeedingPregnant, breastfeeding CancerCancer Transplant recipientsTransplant recipients

If you or someone you live with has any of the above conditions, you should NOT receive the vaccine!!!


Allergy to vaccine componentsAllergy to vaccine components Polymyxin BPolymyxin B StreptomycinStreptomycin ChlortetracyclineChlortetracycline NeomycinNeomycin

Allergy to previous dose of smallpox Allergy to previous dose of smallpox vaccinevaccine


Smallpox Vaccine – The benefitsSmallpox Vaccine – The benefits The vaccine offers the best protection The vaccine offers the best protection

available if you are exposed to smallpoxavailable if you are exposed to smallpox Becoming vaccinated would fill a critical Becoming vaccinated would fill a critical

role within your organization’s response role within your organization’s response teamteam

Making the Decision… Points to consider:Points to consider:

This is a VOLUNTARY programThis is a VOLUNTARY program Do you, or any household members, have any of Do you, or any household members, have any of

the contraindications?the contraindications? Do you feel capable of caring for the vaccination Do you feel capable of caring for the vaccination

site properly?site properly? Do you feel that you can prevent the spread of the Do you feel that you can prevent the spread of the

virus to other parts of the body or to others?virus to other parts of the body or to others? Are you willing to accept the small risk of Are you willing to accept the small risk of

potentially serious side effects?potentially serious side effects? Are you willing to care for a smallpox patient?Are you willing to care for a smallpox patient?

Economic Issues

LiabilityLiability Disability coverageDisability coverage Personal insurancePersonal insurance Non-discriminationNon-discrimination ConfidentialityConfidentiality

smallpox vaccination for response teams

Documents