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Getting Started with smallholding

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Page 1: Smallholder Bookazine
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smallholder.co.uk December 20122 Getting started

Page 3: Smallholder Bookazine

Smallholding for allWelcome to our free guide on how to get started with a smallholding. Youressential guide to becoming self sufficient.

Contacts:n Compiled and written by Liz Wright.Email: [email protected] Production and design: Claire CameronEmail: [email protected] Advertising: Susan Foley.Email: [email protected] Smallholder Subscriptions: Warners GroupPublications, West Street, Bourne, Lincs, PE10 9PH.Tel: 01778 392011. Fax: 01778 421706E-mail: [email protected] Visit Smallholder online at smallholder.co.uk,Facebook or follow us on Twitter at SmallholderMag

What is a smallholder?

The dictionary definitionis that it is a plot of landsmaller than a small

farm. Wikipedia also agreessaying that “A smallholding isa farm of small size”.

A smallholding is a piece of landand its adjacent living quarters forthe smallholder and stabling forfarm animals, on a smaller scalethan that of a farm but larger thanan allotment, usually under 50acres (0.20 km2). It is oftenestablished for the breeding offarm animals on an organicbasis on free-range pastures.

Alternatively, the smallholdermay concentrate on the growingof vegetables by varioustraditional methods or in a moremodern way using plasticcovers, polytunneling or clochesfor quick growth.

Generally, a smallholding offersits owner a means of achievingself-sufficiency as to his and hisfamily’s own needs which hemay be able to supplement byselling surplus produce at a

farmers market and/ortemporary booths or morepermanent shop facilities areoften part of a smallholding.

I’d like to pick up on the lastparagraph – a means ofachieving self-sufficiency. Inreality I think this is more likely tobe partial self-sufficiency andthis can be achieved both in

town and country leading to themodern idea of “smallholding inthe town”.

It’s a long tradtion. In 1910,the first year of the Smallholdermagazine, a reader wrote infrom the town saying he hadtwo hens and a small veg plotand was he now a smallholder?The editor replied saying he was“well on his way”.

That’s over a hundred yearsago and we are now returning tothe idea that we can producesome of our food even in limitedareas and not necessarily livingin the countryside. n

‘The facts as they standare sufficiently indicativeof the greater productivepossibilities of small than

large holdings’

Practical smallholder in the 1930s

View the Smallholderwebsite on your mobilen Scan this QR Codewith your 3Gsmartphone for adirect link to theSmallholder websiteso that you nevermiss the latest newsupdates.

GETTING STARTED

smallholder.co.uk Getting started 3December 2012

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farm or renting land may all helpto achieve our dream of self-sufficiency without actuallymoving. In many cases movingis not possible for a variety ofreasons. Like the fat girls whoare going to do so much whenthey are slim, don’t wait, don’twait. Do it now, where you live.Time goes too fast to putdreams on hold, make them areality. If you decide to movelater on, then the big plus pointis that you have acquired somany new skills that thetransition to a smallholding willbe easy.

What is the mostimportant thing youwant to achieve?

Be brutally honest. It might becomparatively small ambition

such as collecting a fresh, warmegg every day and that mightsatisfy your desires or that mightlead to other things. Or you mightwant to take the plunge and bealmost totally self-supporting, ifnot immediately then in the future.Both are quite possible.

What skills do youhave?

Again be honest. If you are acompetent mechanic then yourself-sufficiency may well involvemore machinery in its approach.Perhaps you are a talented cook– consider not only that you willbe able to use skills to preservefood but also perhaps to addvalue to produce at Farmer’sMarkets. So often we overlookthe things we are really good atbecause we take them for

granted – get your partner orfriends to list your skills, you willbe surprised at what you have.What skills do you have in yourjob? Are you good at IT,networking or promotion – alluseful skills if you decide to runa small business?

What’s your naturalpersonality?

Are you outgoing? In whichcase barter, trading and perhapshaving people to yoursmallholding will work well foryou, or does the thought ofnever having to see anyoneagain fill you with joy in whichcase marketing might have to bedone strictly via the internetwhile you talk to your poultry.

Are you squeamish?If so don’t have breeding

animals! If you are not sure thengo on a hands-on course first tosee how you cope with birth, lifeand death.

What do you really feelabout killing for food?

If you really hate the idea thenwhy not just major onvegetables and crafts? There isno rule that says all self-sufficiency must be exactly thesame, you need to make it workfor you. Hens don’t need acockerel and hybrid hens don’traise chicks so no possibility ofunwanted cockerels. On theother hand it is extremelyirritating when friends ask youhow you can bear eat animalsyou have raised when you knowthat this way you can beabsolutely sure they have had agood life.

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Reasons for taking the first stepson the road to self-sufficiency:

smallholder.co.uk Getting started 7December 2012

How’s your health?Although there are health

benefits to being outside andtaking more exercise to saynothing of eating all the lovelyfresh food you produce, self-sufficiency is hard work so justbe careful about what you takeon.

If you have any health issues,choose less demanding projects– deep beds will help anyonewith back problems for examplewhile sheep, though all requiringsome physical effort, do come indifferent sizes.

If you suffer with any physicalproblems it might help tochoose smaller and/or moredocile breeds for easiermanagement just from the pointof view of weight alone whenturning over to trim feet orcrutching out. It’s all aboutworking with nature. n

n To ensure that your food isfully traceable.

n Food Security – once aphrase only heard indeveloping countries is now ofconcern to each and everyoneof us.

n To reduce the costs of thehousehold food budgetespecially by growing the moreunusual vegetables and saladleaves that are expensive inthe supermarket.

n To reduce food miles - youcan't get much less than fromgarden to kitchen.

n To reduce our carbonfootprint by producing locally,ecologically and effectively.

n To prepare for a futurewhere energy might be scarceand expensive.

n To take control of theanimal welfare methodsinvolved in food production

n To get the freshest taste –much has been argued aboutwhether home produced foodreally tastes better buteveryone who grows their ownagrees it certainly does.

n To educate younger family

members in where food reallycomes from.

n For healthy outdoorexercise that produces morethan just a sweat.

n To reconnect with the landand with our past.

n To fully appreciate theeffort, skill and knowledge putinto producing food.

n To be able to makechoices about what you eat.

n To meet other people oflike mind and swop ideasand experiences and makefriends.

Top Tip – Join the club:n There are smallholding clubs up and down the country that

welcome new members. You can gain experience at someoneelse’s smallholding even if you don’t yet have land and decidewhat appeals to you. Smallholder magazine has a smallholderclub page every month.

GETTING STARTED

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Keepup to

Again there is nosize that makesa farm either

productive or classifiedas small. But generallya small farm would beup to around 100 acresbut perhaps in self-sufficiency terms morelike up to 25 acres.

It would be a mixedand integrated farmwhere livestock wasmanaged to benefit thesoil with manure beingpart of the soil fertility

and where conservationin the form ofmanagement of hedges,woods, ponds and othernatural resources wouldbe a priority.

They may also providesomething towards theself-supportinghousehold such asheating (sustainableforestry), foraging forfood but also provideincome in the form ofleisure activities such asfishing or opening up

The small farmBrings even more opportunities for crops, livestock and diversifications

MachineryALTHOUGH machinery certainly will helpin the smallholding and market garden, onceyou get over a few acres it becomes anessential.

What will you need, should you buy newor used and how much machineryknowledge do you have are all questionsyou will need to ask. Can you hire inspecialist machinery, use contractors or sharewith neighbours to keep down costs?

You will need to think in terms of somebasic kit such as a tractor capable of usingimplements, a trailer and probably a rollerand harrow at the very least and know howto use them effectively and safely.

nn If you buy and use machinery, is there amarket locally for some contracting work(remember to check out the necessaryinsurances and licences). Many farmers alsodouble as contractors from such things asbasic paddock maintenance for horseowners to livestock tasks such as foottrimming, shearing or worming.

nn Investment in a compact tractor is animportant part of your budget as is an ATV.Visit a dealer who specialises in these andcan offer advice and support at the time ofpurchase and for the future.

GETTING STARTED

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What can I grow?Size matters – we begin with the micro holding and work upwards...

With no outside landavailable andperhaps living in a

high rise apartment, theoptions might seem limited,but in reality there are plentyof things that can be done.

Take a long look at your spaceand consider the hot spots, theshady spots and any uniquefeatures such as a balcony oraccess to a roof garden.

Consider indoor space as wellas outdoor space. Tomatoescannot tell the differencebetween a sunny windowsill anda greenhouse – it’s only humansthat categorise. Even small fruit

trees will grow happily inside.Sprouting seeds have moved

on considerably in the last fewyears, have a high nutritionalvalue and can be ready withinfive days. Don’t ignore thekitchen area – that can be usedfor preserving, bread making

and yoghurt and even cheesemaking and can cook cheapercuts of meat just as well as anyfarmhouse kitchen. Yourwormery and compost makerare likely to be in here as well.Indoor mushrooms are anotherpossibility.

GETTING STARTED

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The house and smallgarden

All of the above options plus apatio or garden where you cangrow a much wider range of fruitand veg, maybe evenincorporate a small greenhouseand a poultry house withsuitable breed for the space.Quail are particularly suitable forsmall areas.

If you are keeping any form oflivestock such as poultry orrabbits, they will have to be keptscrupulously clean to avoidvermin and protected from thefox, who lives in urban areas ashappily, if not more so, than inthe country. Storage for feedand disposal of soiled beddingwill need to be considered –composting may be the answerbut again this must be donewhilst considering the need todeter vermin.

Containers for crops haveimproved dramatically during thelast ten years but it is quite

possible to make your own aswell.

Points to consider are whethercrops are deep or shallowrooted and accommodate themaccordingly and if they needprotection from birds such asnetting.

The raised bed starts to comeinto its own, allowing control ofthe soil fertility and beingversatile but there is a strongcase too for being able to sowdirectly into the ground as somecrops do better this way. Herbson outdoor windowsills also dovery well. One tip though, when

planning fruit trees do thinkabout pollination issues.

Some fruit trees need anothertree nearby for pollination andeven those that are self-fertileoften do better with anothersource of pollen available. Thinktoo about planting some bee andinsect friendly plants toencourage these insects intoyour garden for pollination of allyour plants. Other measuressuch as artificial and naturalhabitats for over wintering insectsin strategically placed areas willalso help beneficial bugs and asa spin off, urban bird life. n

The allotment and community gardenTHE demand for allotments has never beenhigher with waiting lists in many areas and some“allotments” being offered privately.

In allotments, each plot is rented to anindividual but while community gardens mightcontain individual plots within them, they aremore focussed on a community workingtogether to produce food, flowers, fruit, a greenarea or a combination of all of these. They makeprovision for disabled participants and tend tobe in the more urban areas.

Questions to ask yourself beforetaking an allotment are:

n How much time can I realistically spend onthe plot?

n Therefore what size do I want to rent and if

only large sized plots are available, can I findsomeone to share with?

n How far is the plot from my house and will Ibe able to walk/cycle or do I have to drive ortake public transport? How will I transport toolsand equipment to the plot?

n Are there safe and secure sheds on theallotment or will I have to transport everything Ineed every time I go to do some work?

n Study the rules and regulations for theallotments – some let you keep livestock whileothers expressly forbid it, some have a strong“green” policy as regards using pesticides andfungicides, some even have rules regardingtaking dogs or children.

n What do you want to grow and will the plotrules allow you to do so? Some will not allow fruittrees as they are too permanent for example.

GETTING STARTED

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The large gardenHaving a large garden with no

near neighbours brings a wholenew perspective on what youcan do to produce food. Theseoffer many opportunities for self-sufficiency and some ideas for asmall business as well.

n Top of the list is thepolytunnel. Just be carefulbecause this does requireplanning in many areas. Yourpolytunnel will give you the abilityto produce a wide range ofcrops for your family plus surplusto sell. Specialist enterprisesinclude bedding plants, hangingbaskets and cut flowers. Thepolytunnel will provide someincome as well as produce.

n The greenhouse can be alarger size and give capacity to

sow a variety of crops earlierand get a good start plus alsogrow on fruit and vegetables.

n The garden can include asmall orchard of top fruits and asoft fruit bed which can be usedin the house, to sell as surplusand to preserve.

n The vegetable garden canbe expanded to produce on a

larger scale – asparagus is agood cash crop for the springwith strawberries providingsome income in the summer.

n An increased herb bed withpossibilities of drying surplus.

n Compost can be made on awider scale from more materials.

n Rainwater collection and use ofgrey water can be expanded. n

GETTING STARTED

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Fancy some fowl?Poultry is said to be the fastest growing hobby. But what is right for you asksSmallholder magazine editor Liz Wright

smallholder.co.uk Getting started 13December 2012

GETTING STARTED

The term ‘poultry’ coversa range of birds andincludes not only

chickens, including large fowland bantams, but also ducks,geese, turkeys, quail, guineafowl, ornamental pheasantsand wild fowl. So there mostdefinitely is a choice to bemade.

What you choose is of course,mainly down to what you fancybut there are some practicalconsiderations to take intoaccount.

Ducks and geese are waterbirds and although the lighterdomestic varieties, such as thefascinating Indian Runner Duck,may not require much morewater than a large supermarketpaddling pool, where they candip their heads and sit, they doall require some sort of water.Water plus duck equals rathermessy so a suburban gardenwould not be a good choicehere. Guinea Fowl requireconsiderable room and are verynoisy so no near neighbours areadvised.

Turkeys are more adaptablethan perhaps many peopleimagine but are large birds andas such, require exercisingroom. Recently I was asked howmany fowl could be kept in alarge back garden and that didfrighten me as I could imagine apoultry sick garden with differentbreeds fighting or worse still, toomany muddy pens. Thequestion to ask is, what do I

want them for and if eggs, howmany eggs do I want a week?Or even, how few can I manageto keep as less really is more inmost situations – especiallywhen you first begin. The higherthe number of livestock in agiven area, the higher yourmanagement standards must beso start small and grow slowly ismy advice.

What to chooseChickens are relatively

straightforward and come in largefowl, bantam and miniature. Mostpeople will think of miniature asbantams but to be absolutelycorrect, a bantam is a birdwhere there is no large fowlequivalent, such as the DutchBantam, a stylish bird, theoutrageously flamboyant BelgianBantam and maybe the betterknown Japanese Bantam. These

are known as ‘true bantams’.A miniature is where there is a

large fowl equivalent and thereare many of these, some very wellknown. The Silkie, though oftenthought of as a bantam, doeshave a large fowl version, theRhode Island Red, the Sussexand the Wyandotte all haveminiature (bantam) counterparts.

If it is eggs alone or meatalone that interests you then youshould look at the hybridchickens such as the BlackRock, the Ranger or the Bluebellfor eggs and specific breeds formeat poultry depending on yourrearing programme.

Some people seem to thinkthat you should keep purebredpoultry for eggs and meat and ofcourse some breeds do performwell in these areas but thehybrids, developed from selectedstrains of pure bred poultry, doout perform any pure breeds forthese functions. I keep both andwe rely on the hybrids for oureggs and egg sales but we doalso get eggs from our purebreeds and cockerels from thepure breeds end up in the potunless required for breeding.

There are a number of poultrybreeds and strains which arerarer than others and these tendto be the larger breeds as theyrequire more space and moremanagement.

You can find out more aboutthese from the Rare PoultrySociety and the Rare BreedSurvival Trust.

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GETTING STARTED

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How much space?You need an area to keep the

birds which can be a verysmall garden to an orchardand, if you select the rightbreed for your circumstances,you will not have a problem.

You will need good housingand again, select your breed toyour housing or your housingto your breed. Really large fowlwill not be happy in many arksas they tend to be designedmore for bantams or hybrids(who are quite relatively smallin stature compared with purebred large fowl). The JerseyGiants, the Buff Orpingtons,the Brahmas and the Cochinsare large and need more spaceand dry outdoor area (theyhave bigger feet for paddlingmud). If you are confining the

birds to a run, you will need analternative run for when theground becomes ‘fowl sick’.You can then shut off this run,lime it and dig it and let thehens into your fresh run.Alternatively make the houseand run moveable. n

Contact:n The Poultry Club,Keeper’s Cottage, 40Benvarden Road, Dervock,Ballymoney, Co. Antrim,BT53 6NN.Telephone: 02820 741056Website: www.poultryclub.org

n Rare Breed SurvivalTrust, NAC, StoneleighPark, Warks, CV8 2LZ.Website: www.rbst.org.uk

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Selling a range of poultryFamily firm offers hatching eggs with more than 50 listings on their website

smallholder.co.uk Getting started 17December 2012

Foster’s Poultry is asmall, family runbusiness in Quedgeley

Gloucestershire.The firm was established in

1997 and sells a wide rangeof poultry. Located threemiles from junction 12 of theM5, the smallholding andwebsite fertilehatchingeggs.comare now a combined business.

The website offers hatchingeggs to the UK and EUcountries, with more than 50listings on its site.

All parent stock birds arekept on the smallholding. The

eggs are less than three-days-old when posted or areavailable for collection byappointment.

Fertility is tested by hatchingspare eggs. These areavailable as day old chicks forcustomers to purchase on aregular basis which havebeen Mareks vaccinated byFoster’s Poultry.

A friendly welcome awaitscustomers who would like topurchase day old poultry, upto point of lay and any agebetween, of all the birds listedin the advert. n nn AA mmoottttlleedd lleegghhoorrnn ccoocckkeerreell

GETTING STARTED

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Comprehensive feed rangeFeeds for the hobby farmer and smallholders at John Loader (Wessex) Ltd

smallholder.co.uk Getting started 19December 2012

John Loader (Wessex) Ltdhas been manufacturingBadminton Country Feeds

at its Fordingbridge mill in theNew Forest for more than 13years.

It produces a comprehensiverange for the hobby farmer andsmallholder. The feeds arecarefully formulated to provideoptimum nutrition for ruminantsand camelids and all containfully traceable, non-GMingredients, with no medications,growth promoters or animalproteins.

Cereals are all carefully cookedusing the infrared heat ofmicronisation which ensuresgelatinisation and improveddigestibility of the starch contentand thereby helps reduce therisk of rumen acidosis anddigestive upsets.

The feeds also contain qualityprotein to encourage muscledevelopment and growth, whilsta full spectrum of vitamins andminerals support health andwell-being.

Introduced since the change ofownership are Country SheepNuts, which provide aconvenient alternative toPedigree Sheep Mix.

Both feeds are ideal for sheepof all ages but particularly in-lamb and lactating ewes and asa complement to forage duringthe winter months.

For those who keep a range ofanimals, Badminton alsoproduces Country Mix and

Country Cubes which aresuitable for cattle, sheep andgoats alike, whilst Country PigNuts represent an easy-to-feedoption for pigs of all ages. n

Contact:n For advice on feeding

all types of farm animalsand camelids telephoneBadminton Country Feedson 01425 658450 or visitbadmintoncountryfeeds.co.uk

nn CCoouunnttrryy PPiigg NNuuttss rreepprreesseennttaann eeaassyy--ttoo--ffeeeedd ooppttiioonn ffoorrppiiggss ooff aallll aaggeess

GETTING STARTED

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From rescues to rehomingThe Donkey Sanctuary shows how to get started with donkeys

smallholder.co.uk Getting started 21December 2012

Hundreds of neglected,unwanted or unloveddonkeys come to

international animal welfarecharity The Donkey Sanctuaryeach year to be guaranteed asanctuary for life.

Whilst some of these mayneed ongoing specialist care forthe rest of their days, young andhealthy donkeys relinquished tothe charity can enjoy theindividual love and attention thata private home can providethrough The Donkey Sanctuary’sfostering scheme.

Around 1,500 donkeys arecurrently enjoying life in fosterhomes around the UK, Irelandand mainland Europe. Whilstmany of these foster homes arehomes in the traditional sense,not all of them are privateresidences, and foster donkeysfrom The Donkey Sanctuary canbe anything from school pets to

part of a rehabilitationprogramme for young people inyouth offenders’ institutes.

One school in Rochdale hastaken a particular shine todonkeys. St Edwards C of EPrimary School has beenfostering Joop and Maco sinceAugust 2011 and the donkeyduo have proven very popularwith staff and students alike. With

so many students and staff keento help out with their daily care,The Donkey Sanctuary recentlycarried out further training at theschool to enable even moreadults and young people to joinin the fun of feeding, grooming,mucking out and walking thedonkeys each day.

Headteacher Lynne Coxellexplains: “Fostering Joop andMaco with The DonkeySanctuary is one of the bestthings the school has ever done.Not only does the animalcontact help the children learnand understand about empathyand the environment, butspending time with the donkeysis incredibly therapeutic for bothstaff and pupils. The donkeysare so popular that we have noshortage of volunteers to groomand walk them each morningbefore school and even atweekends.

“Joop and Maco are afantastic asset to our school andthe children’s lives and we all

Fostering a donkey

nn DDoonnkkeeyy dduuoo,, JJoooopp aanndd MMaaccoo,, hhaavvee pprroovveedd ppooppuullaarr wwiitthh sscchhooooll ppuuppiillssPicture: ST EDWARDS C OF E PRIMARY SCHOOL, ROCHDALE

Anyone thinking of fosteringdonkeys will need to be ableto provide:

n At least an acre of grazing.n A stable/shelter - unlike

horses donkeys do not havewaterproof coats.

n A hard standing area -donkeys have really porousfeet and need to be able to getoff the grass when it is wet.

n Robust fencing – a mustas donkeys are great escapeartists.

Don’t worry if you haven’tgot some or all of these inplace yet – The DonkeySanctuary’s team of welfareofficers are happy to adviseyou.

To apply to foster donkeysor simply find out more aboutthe fostering scheme, visitwww.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/fostering or call TheDonkey Sanctuary’swelfare team on 01395578222. n

GETTING STARTED

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love looking after them.” LikeJoop and Maco, the majority ofdonkeys on The DonkeySanctuary’s foster scheme goout to homes in pairs or groupsas they form very strong bondsand do not like being alone.

You don’t need to have kepthorses or donkeys before or evenbe an experienced equine handlerto apply to foster donkeys.

The Donkey Sanctuary offersfree training courses to give youa taste of what keeping donkeyscould be like, and theirdedicated team of welfareofficers are on hand 24/7 tooffer you support and adviceonce your donkeys arrive. n

International animal welfarecharity The Donkey Sanctuarywas founded by the late DrElisabeth Svendsen MBE in1969.

It supports projects toalleviate the suffering ofdonkeys in 28 countriesworldwide, includingsanctuaries across Europe,where more than 15,000donkeys and mules have beencared for, and major projects inEgypt, Ethiopia, India, Kenyaand Mexico, where donkeywelfare is improved throughcommunity education andveterinary work.

It also provides donkey-assisted therapy for childrenwith additional needs andtherapeutic visits for elderlypeople in the local communityfrom centres in Belfast,Birmingham, Ivybridge, Leeds,Manchester and Sidmouth. nn

Contact:n For further details call01395 578222, log on tothedonkeysanctuary.org.ukor visit the charity’s freeadmission headquartersnear Sidmouth in Devon,which is open every day. n

GETTING STARTED

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Published by Newsquest Media (Southern) Ltd – a Gannett company – from its offices at Falmouth Business Park, Bickland Water Road, Falmouth (01326 213333),and printed at Fleet House, Hampshire Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 9XD (01305 830881).