slope final conference - electronic marking of trees

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demostration under grant agreement no 604129

www.slopeproject.eu

Electronic marking of trees and timber for process

optimization and traceability Gianni PicchiCNR-IVALSA

SLOPE Final Conference10th November, EIMA 2016, Bologna – Notturno Hall


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Traceability Auto-ID system

Possible options: Visual barcodes QR Punching Laser marking Ink jet data

matrixElectronic RFID


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RFID UHF

Radio Frequency Identification operating at Ultra High Frequency

LF HF UHF MicrowavesFrequency 125-134 KHz 13.56 MHz 868-902 MHz > 902 MHz

Average reading range

<1 cm 2-5 cm 0-10m 0-100m

Battery no no no yes


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Main challenges in forest

• Capacity to endure long term exposure to forest environment• Influence of tag and reader position on readability• Moisture content influence• Motion influence (dynamic reading)• Survival rate in forest operations


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Marking standing trees

GROUPED ACCORDING TO APPLICATION MODE

1) hard shell - screw or rivet (tags 1,3,4 and 5); 2) soft cover - stapling (tags 2, 6 and 7).

Traditional system

(axe – stamp)

Stapling soft cover

Screwing hard shell

N. Maker Model1 Omni-ID Exo 6002 HID Slimflex3 Confidex Ironside4 Synometrix SMLM-82005 Confidex Ironside Micro6 Confidex Pino7 Smartrac Shortdipole


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Marking and surviving analysis

Stapling effective and more acceptable than screws Under bark position feasible After two years all tags operative:o resino tensiono stapling on transponder


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RFID tag positioning after felling

Butt end of the felled tree is the ideal position for the UHF RFID tag providing:

- maximum protection- effective automatic reading- simple positioning


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Tag-reader position analysis

Manual RFID UHF reader CAEN qID R1240IWindows interface returning value of: Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) (negative decibel-milliwatts - dBm)

Smartrac Shortdipole

Freshly felled log

(48% moisture content)


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Position of tag and reader

Tag position

Cross cut section

Tangential over bark

Tangential below bark

Distance (cm)

0

10

30

Angle (degrees)

0

30

45

90

180


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Position of tag and reader

RSSI (dBm)

Stnd.

Level Count Mean ErrorGRAND MEAN 190 -53.4Position of tag1 (on cross cut section) 100 -44.0 2.262 (tangential over bark) 40 -58.9 3.943 (tangential below bark) 50 -57.3 3.53Distance (cm)0 40 -40.3 3.9510 100 -54.6 2.2730 50 -65.3 3.61Angle (°)0 80 -48.0 2.4330 40 -51.5 3.8245 40 -53.6 3.82180 (through the log) 30 -60.5 4.57

Level1234

Factor Means Plot for RSSIVertical scale = -640,0 to -240,0

Angle Distance Position

Angle

Distance

Position

•Distance main factor• 90° never detectable, 180° just parallel to fiber• Position significant effect


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Moisture content

50% 45% 40% 35% 25% 15% 0%

-60

-55

-50

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

Ø 25 cm Ø 35 cm Ø 45 cm

Moisture content

Read

ing

stre

nght

(dBm

)

• Clear influence of dielectric effect• total reduction 37% (minimum -57.8 dBm)• decreasing moisture to 40% improved RSSI 20%• superficial moisture apparently most important• no effect of tree/log size


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Dynamic reading

Tag modelDistance (cm) Swing

RSSI main tag (dBm) SD

N. reading

RSSI control tag (dBm)

1 100 yes -59.8 1.4 10 01 100 no -58.7 1.2 10 01 200 yes -64.4 2.2 10 01 200 no -63.0 1.3 10 01 300 yes -69.2 3.1 10 01 300 no 0 0 0 01 400 yes 0 0 0 01 400 no 0 0 0 02 100 yes -55.7 1.9 10 02 100 no -53.7 0.7 10 02 200 yes -61.0 2.3 10 02 200 no -59.7 0.5 10 02 300 yes -64.8 1.4 10 02 300 no -64.0 1.6 10 02 400 yes -66.2 34.9 5 02 400 no 0 0 0 03 100 yes -66.9 34.6 4 03 100 no 0 0 0 03 200 yes 0 0 0 03 200 no 0 0 0 03 300 yes 0 0 0 03 300 no 0 0 0 03 400 yes 0 0 0 03 400 no 0 0 0 04 100 yes -65.7 3.3 10 04 100 no -68.5 21.7 9 04 200 yes 0 0 0 04 200 no 0 0 0 04 300 yes 0 0 0 04 300 no 0 0 0 04 400 yes 0 0 0 04 400 no 0 0 0 0


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Survival test

Hauling tests in 3 conifer-dominated stands, handling test in Site 1

Site 1 Site 2 Site 3Area Firenzuola

(Firenze)Montepiano (Prato)

Firenzuola (Firenze)

Altitude above sea level (m) 953 843 1079Average slope (%) 35-45 30-40 40-50Average mainline height (m) 12 6-8 14Direction of extraction uphill uphill downhillAverage extraction distance (m) 185 235 215Average concentration length (m)

12.3 15.4 12.6

Average log/tree diameter (cm) 41 37 42


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Reliability

Hauling Handling

Marked logs 153 86

Lost/destroyed 5 0

Verified (e/v) 142 63

Verified (v) 6 16

Not verified 0 8

Dirt would limit visual systems (QR, barcodes)


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Thanks

slope final conference - electronic marking of trees

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