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““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”ISLAM”

Lessons on Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsFardhu ‘Ain in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

Using textbook & curriculum he has developed especially for Using textbook & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

IT CAN ALSO BE A IT CAN ALSO BE A REFRESHER COURSE FOR REFRESHER COURSE FOR

MUSLIM PARENTS, MUSLIM PARENTS, EDUCATORS, IN EDUCATORS, IN

CONTEMPORARY CONTEMPORARY SINGAPORE. SINGAPORE. OPEN TO ALLOPEN TO ALL

1UPDATED - 12 DECEMBER 2014UPDATED - 12 DECEMBER 2014

Every Friday night @ Every Friday night @ 8pm – 10pm8pm – 10pmWisma Indah, 450 Wisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid #02-00 next to Masjid KassimKassim

All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)

““ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”ARKAAN AL-ISLAM”Pillars of Islam (Submission)Pillars of Islam (Submission)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST MOST COMPASSIONATE,COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL

For further information and For further information and registration contact Eregistration contact E -mail : -mail :

[email protected]@gmail.comor +65 81234669 / +65 96838279or +65 81234669 / +65 96838279

HADITH OF JIBRA-’IL


LESSON # 12

LESSON # 12

AZ-ZAKAHAZ-ZAKAH(TAX UPON WEALTH)(TAX UPON WEALTH)

mailto:[email protected]

(The basic message of Islam)(The basic message of Islam)

FARDHU’AINFARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BY: CONDUCTED BYUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAILUSTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAILLESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK

““Beginners’ Manual on IslamBeginners’ Manual on Islam””

2


FROM PREVIOUS LESSONSFROM PREVIOUS LESSONS


““Allah” Allah” : : Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refers Arabic proper noun; name for God, it refers

to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord to the One and Only, the Unique Creator, Lord

Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there is Sustainer of the Universe, Who Alone is God – there is

none besides Allah.none besides Allah.

No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.No equivalent translation in non-Semitic language.



““Muhammad s.a.a.w.” Muhammad s.a.a.w.” : : Arabic name meaning “Arabic name meaning “the the

Praised OnePraised One”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet, ”; he is the Chosen, Unlettered Prophet,

the servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaited the servant and Messenger of Allah, the Awaited

Seal of Prophethood after whom there will be no Seal of Prophethood after whom there will be no

more prophet sent.more prophet sent.



IIMANIIMAN

BeliefBeliefFaithFaith

ConvictionConviction

IHSANIHSAN

Best or Best or Righteous Righteous ConductConduct

‘‘AMALAMAL [Islam][Islam]

SubmissionSubmissionObedienceObedience

PracticePractice

Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is Faith without obedience is meaningless; and obedience without Faith is mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy. mere rituals and may even lead to hypocrisy.

Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN Together, Faith and Obedience must lead to Righteousness with IHSAN which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t. which essentially focus in our intention to sincerely serve Allah s.w.t.

Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission Thus, in these three aspects can one be said to be true in his submission to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).to the Will of Allah (as Muslim).


THE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TO THE SECOND ASPECT REQUIRED IN THE ATTESTATION TO THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTHE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUHHEED)EED)



““Do they seek for other than the Religion of Allah?―While all Do they seek for other than the Religion of Allah?―While all

creatures in the heavens and on earth have willing, or unwilling, creatures in the heavens and on earth have willing, or unwilling,

bowed to His Will (accepted Islam), and to Him shall they all be bowed to His Will (accepted Islam), and to Him shall they all be

brought back.” brought back.”

((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 83Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 83))


“Now then, for that (reason), call (them to the Faith), and

stand steadfast as thou art commanded nor follow thou

their vain desires; but say: "I believe in the Book which

Allah has sent down; and I am commanded to judge justly

between you. Allah is Our Lord and your Lord. For us (is

the responsibility for) Our deeds, and for you for your

deeds. There is no contention between us and you. Allah

will bring us together, and to Him is (Our) final goal.”

(Qur’an: ash-Shura: 42: 15)


The word “The word “IslamIslam” - literally means “” - literally means “surrendersurrender; ;

submissionsubmission”. When added with the prefix “”. When added with the prefix “alal” ( definite ” ( definite

article“tarticle“thehe” - to denote a name) it refers to the essential traits of ” - to denote a name) it refers to the essential traits of

this religion signifying an external manifestation of one’s inner this religion signifying an external manifestation of one’s inner

conviction, belief (conviction, belief (iimaniiman) towards “) towards “obedience to the will of obedience to the will of

AllahAllah”.”.

The true meaning of “The true meaning of “believebelieve” or “” or “iimaniiman”” is : is :

“ “to be convinced in one’s heart/mind (to be convinced in one’s heart/mind (QolbQolb); );

and declare with one’s tongue, and declare with one’s tongue,

and practice deeds in accordance with its pillarsand practice deeds in accordance with its pillars””


So “So “how does one begin to submit to Allah’s willhow does one begin to submit to Allah’s will”?”?

This was succinctly enumerated by Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. This was succinctly enumerated by Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.

in what is referred to as :in what is referred to as :

the Pillars of Islamthe Pillars of Islam ((Arkaan-ul-IslaamArkaan-ul-Islaam).).


Islam is built upon Five (pillars):Islam is built upon Five (pillars):

[1] To bear witness that there is no god except [1] To bear witness that there is no god except

Allah, and that Muhammad is the Allah, and that Muhammad is the

Messenger of Allah;Messenger of Allah;

[2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory) [2] And to establish the (Daily obligatory)

Swolah;Swolah;

[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);[3] And pay out the Zakah (tax on wealth);

[4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the [4] And to make pilgrimage (Hajj) to the

House) for those who has the means to House) for those who has the means to

(do) it; (do) it;

[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.[5] And to Fast (daily) in Ramadhan.


THE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO THE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTAUHHEEDEED))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL


THE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO THE third PILLAR OF ISLAM IN PRACTICALIZING OBEDIENCE TO THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (THE MESSAGE OF THE ABSOLUTE ONENESS OF ALLAH (TAUTAUHHEEDEED))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFULMOST MERCIFUL




LESSON # 12

LESSON # 12

““A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON A BEGINNERS’ COURSE ON ISLAM”ISLAM”

Lessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for AdultsLessons on Fardhu ‘Ain in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

TOPIC ON 12 DECEMBER 2014TOPIC ON 12 DECEMBER 2014

Every Friday night @ Every Friday night @ 8pm – 10pm8pm – 10pmWisma Indah, 450 Wisma Indah, 450 Changi Road, Changi Road, #02-00 next to Masjid #02-00 next to Masjid KassimKassim

In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the In respecting the dominance of the followers, adherents of the

school of school of FiqhFiqh of of al-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idrisal-Mujtahid-mutlaq al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris

ash-Shafi-’ie rhm.aash-Shafi-’ie rhm.a.. here in this region, the practices in this here in this region, the practices in this

manual / lesson on manual / lesson on FIQHFIQH matters, shall subscribe and be in matters, shall subscribe and be in

conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (conformity with this school of Islamic jurisprudence (madzhabmadzhab). ).

Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (Yet, we hold to a healthy respect and tolerance (tasamuhtasamuh) towards ) towards

other other madzaahibmadzaahib and and ikhtilaafikhtilaaf (differences of opinion) amongst (differences of opinion) amongst

Islamic scholars. Islamic scholars.

The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted The dominant schools of Islamic jurisprudence generally accepted

are the, are the, Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e Ja’afari, Maliki, Hanafi, Shafi’e and and Hanbali.Hanbali.


“And [tell them that] I have not created the invisible

beings and men to any end other than that they may

[know and] worship Me. [But withal,] no sustenance

do I ever demand of them, nor do I demand that they

feed Me: for, verily, Allah Himself is the Provider of

all sustenance, the Lord of all might, the Eternal!”

(Qur’an: Dzaariyat: 51: 56-58)


““Who believe in [the existence of] that which is Who believe in [the existence of] that which is

beyond the reach of human perception, and are beyond the reach of human perception, and are

constant in prayer (constant in prayer (AS-AS-SWSWOLAHOLAH), and), and (YUN-FI-QUUN) (YUN-FI-QUUN)

spend on others spend on others out of what We provide for them as out of what We provide for them as

sustenance (sustenance (MAA RAZAQ-NAA-HUMMAA RAZAQ-NAA-HUM);”);”

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 3Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 3))


““And let not And let not those (YAB-those (YAB-KHKHOLU *) who covetously withheld of the OLU *) who covetously withheld of the

gifts which Allah hath given them of His Grace gifts which Allah hath given them of His Grace think that it is good think that it is good

for them: nay it will be the worse for them: soon for them: nay it will be the worse for them: soon it will be tied to it will be tied to

their necks like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgmenttheir necks like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgment. To Allah . To Allah

belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is

well acquainted with all that ye do.”well acquainted with all that ye do.”


* From : BUKHUL – BAKHIL – “miserly”


““Thus, as for him who Thus, as for him who (A’-(A’-TWTWA) gives [to others] A) gives [to others] and is and is (TAQAA) (TAQAA)

conscious of Allah, conscious of Allah, andand ( (SWSWOD-DAQA BIL-OD-DAQA BIL-HHUSNA) believes in the USNA) believes in the

truth of the ultimate good truth of the ultimate good for him shall We for him shall We make easy the path make easy the path

towards [ultimate] easetowards [ultimate] ease. But as for him who is niggardly, and . But as for him who is niggardly, and

thinks that he is self-sufficient, and thinks that he is self-sufficient, and (KADZ-DZABA - BIL-(KADZ-DZABA - BIL-HHUSNA) USNA)

calls the ultimate good a liecalls the ultimate good a lie – for him shall We make easy the – for him shall We make easy the

path towards hardship: Nor will his wealth profit him when he path towards hardship: Nor will his wealth profit him when he

falls headlong (into the Pit).”falls headlong (into the Pit).”

((Qur’an: Layl : 93: 5-11Qur’an: Layl : 93: 5-11))


AFFIRMING IT AS TRUTH

DENYING OR REJECTING IT

“Doing good for

Allah’s sake

will be rewarded

with eternal

Goodness by Him”

THE BELIEF

BIL-BIL-HHUSNAAUSNAA

BIL-BIL-HHUSNAAUSNAA

SWOD-DAQA

KADZ-DZABA

HUSNA


TWO TYPES OF PEOPLE

OR

Thus the usual English translation for SWODAQAH as “charity” is not accurate as it also include all forms of goodness whether it be obligatory or non-obligatory; and extensively covers all forms of kindness not merely of material help but that even sharing a ‘smile to others’ can be SWODAQAH.

““Seek insteadSeek instead, by means of what Allah has granted thee, by means of what Allah has granted thee, [the , [the

good of] good of] the life to comethe life to come, without forget-ting, withal, thine own , without forget-ting, withal, thine own

[rightful] share in this world; and do good [unto others] as Allah [rightful] share in this world; and do good [unto others] as Allah

has done good unto thee.”has done good unto thee.”

((Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77))


““[In all these respects,] let him [In all these respects,] let him who has ample means spend who has ample means spend

( YUN-FIQ*) in accordance with his amplitude( YUN-FIQ*) in accordance with his amplitude; and let him ; and let him

whose means of subsistence are scantywhose means of subsistence are scanty spend (FAL- spend (FAL-

YUNFIQ*) in accordance with what Allah has given himYUNFIQ*) in accordance with what Allah has given him: :

Allah does not burden any human being with more than He Allah does not burden any human being with more than He

has given him - [and it may well be that] Allah will grant, has given him - [and it may well be that] Allah will grant,

after hardship, ease.”after hardship, ease.”

((Qur’an: Talaq : 65: 7Qur’an: Talaq : 65: 7))

* From ‘From ‘NAFAQOHNAFAQOH’ – “provision; maintenance”’ – “provision; maintenance”


““.. And (the servants of the Most Gracious is the) who, .. And (the servants of the Most Gracious is the) who,

whenever they (whenever they (AN-FAQUAN-FAQU) spend on others, ) spend on others, are are

neither wasteful nor niggardly neither wasteful nor niggardly but [remember that] but [remember that]

there is always a there is always a just mean just mean between those [two between those [two

extremes];”extremes];”

((Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 67Qur’an: Furqan: 25: 67))All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)

NAFAQAH

““Expenditure; provisions; what one expends of Expenditure; provisions; what one expends of

money, wealth and the like, money, wealth and the like, upon himself upon himself and and

upon his upon his familyfamily or or householdhousehold, and , and dependentsdependents “ “


The Prophet The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said :said :

"A man's spending on his family, seeking "A man's spending on his family, seeking

reward (of Allah) for doing it,reward (of Allah) for doing it,

is a deed of charity (is a deed of charity (SwODAQAHSwODAQAH).“).“

((Hadith reported by Bukhary,Muslim, Nasa-iHadith reported by Bukhary,Muslim, Nasa-i))


"The most excellent dinar (money as) INFAAQ , is dinar with

which a person spends on his family, and the dinar which he

spends on his animal in Allah's path, and the dinar he spends

on his companions in Allah's path.”

(Hadith reported by Muslim)


" Of the dinar you spend as a contribution (INFAAQ) in Allah's path, or

to set free a slave, or as a charity given to a needy, or to support your

family, the spending which yields the greatest reward is that which you

(INFAAQ) spent on your family.”

(Hadith reported by Muslim)All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014)


““Men are Men are QAW-WAA-MUNAQAW-WAA-MUNA - in charge (as protector and - in charge (as protector and

maintainer) of women by [right of] what Allah has maintainer) of women by [right of] what Allah has given one given one

(ability and strength to excel) (ability and strength to excel) over the other and what they over the other and what they

((ANFAQUUANFAQUU) spend [) spend [for maintenance of themfor maintenance of them] from their ] from their

wealth.wealth.””

((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 34Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 34))


“AND WORSHIP Allah [alone], and do not ascribe divinity,

in any way, to aught beside Him. And do good unto your

parents, and near of kin, and unto orphans, and the needy,

and the neighbour from among your own people, and the

neighbour who is a stranger, and the friend by your side,

and the wayfarer, and those whom you rightfully possess.

Verily, Allah does not love any of those who, full of self-

conceit, act in a boastful manner ….”

(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 36)


“ … [also Allah does not love] those who are niggardly (YABKHUL),

and bid others to be niggardly (BUKHL’), and conceal whatever

Allah has bestowed upon them out of His bounty; and so We have

readied shameful suffering for all who thus deny the truth..”

(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 37)


““And [Allah does not love] those who spend their possessions And [Allah does not love] those who spend their possessions

on others [only] on others [only] to be seen and praised by men, the while they to be seen and praised by men, the while they

believe neither in Allah nor in the Last Daybelieve neither in Allah nor in the Last Day; and he who has ; and he who has

Satan for a soul-mate, how evil a soul-mate has he!Satan for a soul-mate, how evil a soul-mate has he!



““And what would they have to fear if they would but And what would they have to fear if they would but

believe in Allah and the Last Day, and spend [in His way] believe in Allah and the Last Day, and spend [in His way]

out of what Allah has granted them as sustenance out of what Allah has granted them as sustenance - since - since

Allah has indeed full knowledge of them?Allah has indeed full knowledge of them?


He said: “Verily, He said: “Verily, your wealth is only what you have spent your wealth is only what you have spent (for (for

your needs, or given away in charity or as gifts), what remains your needs, or given away in charity or as gifts), what remains

with you is (actually held by you) to be inherited by others.”with you is (actually held by you) to be inherited by others.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary and MuslimHadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim))


REFLECT WELL

REFLECT WELL

FA-IN-NA – MAA-LA-HU – MAA – QAD-DAMA WA - MAA-LA – WAA – RI-THI-HI – MAA – AKH-KHARA


““Woe to every slanderer, defamer, Who amasses Woe to every slanderer, defamer, Who amasses

wealth and considers it a provision (against every wealth and considers it a provision (against every

mishap); mishap); He thinks that his wealth will make him He thinks that his wealth will make him

immortalimmortal. Nay! he shall most certainly be hurled into . Nay! he shall most certainly be hurled into

the crushing disaster, And what will make you realize the crushing disaster, And what will make you realize

what the crushing disaster is? It is the fire kindled by what the crushing disaster is? It is the fire kindled by

Allah, Which rises above the hearts. Surely it shall be Allah, Which rises above the hearts. Surely it shall be

closed over upon them, In extended columns.”closed over upon them, In extended columns.”

((Qur’an: Humazah: 104: 1-9Qur’an: Humazah: 104: 1-9))

DU’A TAUGHT TO US

DU’A TAUGHT TO US


DU’A TAUGHT TO US

DU’A TAUGHT TO US


The Prophet The Prophet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصملسو هيلع هللا ىلص used to say (this supplication):used to say (this supplication):

"O Allah! I seek refuge with You from worry ("O Allah! I seek refuge with You from worry (HAMMHAMM) )

and grief (and grief (HUZNHUZN’), from incapacity (‘’), from incapacity (‘AJZIAJZI ) and laziness ) and laziness

((KASLKASL’), from cowardice (’), from cowardice (JUBNJUBN’) and miserliness ’) and miserliness

((BUKHL’BUKHL’) , from being heavily in debt () , from being heavily in debt (DWDWOLA-’ID-DAYNOLA-’ID-DAYN) )

and from being (and from being (GHALABA-TIR-RIJALGHALABA-TIR-RIJAL) overpowered by ) overpowered by

(other) men.“(other) men.“

((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

““If there were two valleys of gold If there were two valleys of gold for the son of Adam, he for the son of Adam, he

would (would (not be satisfied not be satisfied and) long to have another one more, and) long to have another one more,

until his mouth is filled with dust ( i.e. until his mouth is filled with dust ( i.e. until he diesuntil he dies). And may ). And may

Allah accepts those who repentsAllah accepts those who repents.” .”

((Hadith reported by MuslimHadith reported by Muslim))

REFLECT WELL

REFLECT WELL



““Competition in [worldly] increase diverts you Competition in [worldly] increase diverts you

Until you visit the graveyardsUntil you visit the graveyards. No! You are going to . No! You are going to

know. Then no! You are going to know. No! If you know. Then no! You are going to know. No! If you

only knew with knowledge of certainty... only knew with knowledge of certainty...

You will surely see the Hellfire. Then you will surely You will surely see the Hellfire. Then you will surely

see it with the eye of certainty. Then you will surely see it with the eye of certainty. Then you will surely

be asked that Day about pleasure.be asked that Day about pleasure.

((Qur’an: Takaathur: 102: 1-8Qur’an: Takaathur: 102: 1-8))

““Work for your worldly needs, as though you are Work for your worldly needs, as though you are going going

to live foreverto live forever, and strive (also to prepare) for your , and strive (also to prepare) for your

Hereafter, as though you are Hereafter, as though you are going to die tomorrowgoing to die tomorrow.” .”

((Hadith reported by BaihaqyHadith reported by Baihaqy))

REFLECT WELL

REFLECT WELL


‘Zakah’ or ‘Zakat’ here is meant:

“ the compulsory tax upon a Muslim’s wealth, to be

given out to certain categories of people, as

commanded by Allah.”


Yet, it is interesting to note that the Arabic word

‘Zakah’ has the meaning of “to purify” as well as “to

make it grow”. Thus, Allah SWT says:


Yet, it is interesting to note that the Arabic word

‘Zakah’ has the meaning of “to purify” as well as “to

make it grow”. Thus, Allah says:

” ” [Hence, O Prophet,] accept that [part] of their possessions [Hence, O Prophet,] accept that [part] of their possessions

which is offered for the sake of Allah (which is offered for the sake of Allah (SwSwODOQAHODOQAH), so that thou ), so that thou

mayest cleanse them thereby and cause them to grow in purity,”mayest cleanse them thereby and cause them to grow in purity,”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 103Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 103)”)”


We come into this world without any possession. Then we begin to

acquire for our needs, provision and possessions - and begin

accumulating and amassing wealth.

Our interaction with this world and material possessions will have

effect upon our self (Nafs), our hearts (Qolb), our soul (Ruh).

Regarding our Self, or heart, Allah says:

FIRST REASONFIRST REASON


““And a soul (And a soul (NafsNafs) and Him Who perfected it. ) and Him Who perfected it.

And inspired it (with conscience of) what is wrong for it and And inspired it (with conscience of) what is wrong for it and

(what is) right for it. (what is) right for it.

He is indeed He is indeed successful who purify and causes it to growsuccessful who purify and causes it to grow, ,

And he is indeed a failure who stunted it.”And he is indeed a failure who stunted it.”((Qur’an: ash-Shams: 91: 7-10Qur’an: ash-Shams: 91: 7-10) )



Islam never totally reject the world nor does it denies the

importance to Muslims in acquiring much wealth.

Yet it knows what these can do to our spiritual self. Thus, it is

indeed crucial to avert corruption and spiritual diseases from

affecting our hearts and soul (nafs) which wealth and material

possessions may bring e.g. Greed, possessiveness, miserliness,

avarice, corruption, oppression etc.


There is a saying:

““Love for the world (affection and attachment to Love for the world (affection and attachment to

material possession) is the head (root) of every material possession) is the head (root) of every

sins (wrong-doings, mistakes, errors etc.)”sins (wrong-doings, mistakes, errors etc.)”


““Verily We have created Man into toil and struggle. Thinks Verily We have created Man into toil and struggle. Thinks

he, that none hath power over him? He may say he, that none hath power over him? He may say

(boastfully): "(boastfully): "Wealth have I squandered in Wealth have I squandered in

abundanceabundance!” !” Thinks he that none beholds him? Thinks he that none beholds him? Have We Have We

not made for him a pair of eyes?― And a tongue, and a pair not made for him a pair of eyes?― And a tongue, and a pair

of lips?― And shown him the two highways? “of lips?― And shown him the two highways? “

((Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 7-10Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 7-10) )


““But he would not attempt the uphill road. And what But he would not attempt the uphill road. And what

will make you comprehend what the uphill road is? (It will make you comprehend what the uphill road is? (It

is) the is) the setting free of a slavesetting free of a slave, Or the, Or the giving of food in a giving of food in a

day of hungerday of hunger. To an . To an orphanorphan, , having relationshiphaving relationship, Or to , Or to

the poor man lying in the dustthe poor man lying in the dust. Then he . Then he is of those who is of those who

believebelieve and and charge one another to show patiencecharge one another to show patience, and , and

charge one another to show compassioncharge one another to show compassion. These are the . These are the

people of the right hand.“people of the right hand.“

((Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 11-18Qur’an: al-Balad: 90: 11-18) )


Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:

[a] [a] possession and wealth are bestowals of Allah SWT, only as possession and wealth are bestowals of Allah SWT, only as

temporary trust (temporary trust (amanahamanah) for our use;) for our use;

[b] [b] it is it is how you gethow you get this wealth and this wealth and how you spenthow you spent it that you shall be it that you shall be

questioned by Allah SWT – questioned by Allah SWT – not how muchnot how much you accumulate! you accumulate!


Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:Thus, Muslims not only needs to be reminded that:

[c] [c] remember how innocent we were, until we began to develop remember how innocent we were, until we began to develop

selfishness, greed, miserly, covetousness etc. selfishness, greed, miserly, covetousness etc.

Thus, Thus, ZakahZakah is to effectively and as practical reminder to be is to effectively and as practical reminder to be

inculcated, so as not to allow such corruptions to occur in our inculcated, so as not to allow such corruptions to occur in our

Self/Soul.Self/Soul.


All bestowals and wealth is from Allah SWT. And He would

generally bestow upon many amongst mankind more than what

he needs, so that through them these wealth would be shared

with the others who deserves it.

SECOND REASONSECOND REASON


There is no shortage of Allah’s bestowal upon mankind regarding

wealth and provision – mankind's’ economic problem is only

regarding its distribution.

This is because living in this world is but a test – especially in this

case, test upon rich towards the poor, the have towards those

who have not.



Thus, Muslim regards part of what Allah SWT gives him to include

what belongs to others, which becomes his amanah (trust) to

distribute them to its rightful recipients.



And because the Muslim regards his wealth to include what

belongs to others, as long as these are not given out to their

rightful recipients, his wealth is not regarded totally as his.

Therefore by giving out the zakat, it is like purifying the wealth

which is in his possession from what is not his (which are

forbidden for him to consume).



What is the real worth of our wealth? Upon our death, these What is the real worth of our wealth? Upon our death, these

wealth loses all value for us, except those that has been spent wealth loses all value for us, except those that has been spent

in accordance towards what Allah SWT commanded us to – and in accordance towards what Allah SWT commanded us to – and

He promises to increase them, not only its amount, but its real He promises to increase them, not only its amount, but its real

value for us will be eternally enjoyed beyond our death.value for us will be eternally enjoyed beyond our death.

FIRST REASONINGFIRST REASONING


The promise reward is a minimum return of 1 : 700% (certainly The promise reward is a minimum return of 1 : 700% (certainly

a most generous investment returns for our hereafter).a most generous investment returns for our hereafter).



“ “ THE PARABLE THE PARABLE of those who spend their possessions for of those who spend their possessions for

the sake of Allah is that of a grain out of which grow the sake of Allah is that of a grain out of which grow

seven ears, in every ear a hundred grains: for Allah seven ears, in every ear a hundred grains: for Allah

grants manifold increase unto whom He wills; and Allah grants manifold increase unto whom He wills; and Allah

is infinite, all-knowing.”is infinite, all-knowing.”




More importantly, this ‘increase’ promised by Allah SWT is More importantly, this ‘increase’ promised by Allah SWT is

both both REALREAL because it will be in the after-life where its full because it will be in the after-life where its full

benefits are not limited (as in this world), and it will be benefits are not limited (as in this world), and it will be

PERPETUAL PERPETUAL unlike here in this temporary world.unlike here in this temporary world.



Wealth is measured, not by how much money is a country, but

by how it has been circulated and how many times it is used.

Thus a country’s economy is measured by Gross Domestic

Product (GDP).

SECOND REASONINGSECOND REASONING


In society, there are people who do not have spending power

due to poverty or unemployment etc. (which zakat is meant for).

Providing for them means injecting into the economy catalysts

to increase economic activity because of the “multiplier effect” it

generates.



Thus it is, that Zakat seems to ‘penalise’ unused wealth, to

discourage hoardings especially when these wealth inevitably

deprive those who are in need from having means to spend

even on basics.



Wealth when used or injected into the economy would

in fact generate work and incomes to these various

category of people, thus, by increasing consumer

demand (spending) increases national products and

services, whereas hoarding wealth would stifle and

retard the economy.



Agricultural Agricultural produceproduce

TYPES OF WEALTHTYPES OF WEALTH NISABNISAB HAULHAUL RATES OF ZAKATRATES OF ZAKAT

635 kg.635 kg.PerPer

harvestharvest

5% produce in 5% produce in case of irrigated case of irrigated land.land.

10% produce 10% produce from rain-fed from rain-fed land.land.

Reference: “Fiqhuz-Zakah” – Sheikh Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradhawi


Gold, silver or Gold, silver or ornaments of ornaments of gold and silvergold and silver


85 gm 85 gm (gold)(gold)

595 gm595 gm

(silver)(silver)

One year

(lunar)

2.5% of the value



Cash, in hand Cash, in hand or in the bankor in the bank


One year

(lunar)

2.5% of the 2.5% of the amount of cash amount of cash in hand or in in hand or in bank bank


Value of Value of

595 gm595 gm

(silver)(silver)

(MUIS)*S$4,568

as @ DECEMBER 2013

*Islamic Religious Council of Singapore


Trading goodsTrading goods


One year

(lunar)

2.5% of the value of the goods


Value of Value of

595 gm595 gm

(silver)(silver)

(MUIS)*S$4,568

as @ DECEMBER 2013

*Islamic Religious Council of Singapore


Cows and Cows and buffaloesbuffaloes


30 in numbers

- For every 30, a 1-year old calf; and so on.



Goats and sheep


40 in numbers

- One sheep for first 40;

Two for 120; and so on.



Produce of the Produce of the mines – all mines – all kinds of kinds of mineralsminerals


Any amount

- 20% of the value of produce



Camels


5 numbers - 5 up to 24 : one sheep or goat for every 5 camels;

25 up to 35 : one 1-year old she camel; and so on



In keeping with changing economic system (development), there In keeping with changing economic system (development), there

may be other types of wealth which contemporary Islamic jurists may be other types of wealth which contemporary Islamic jurists

may regard to be ‘zakatable’ by consensus (may regard to be ‘zakatable’ by consensus (IJMA’IJMA’) or in accordance ) or in accordance

with acceptable scholarly exertion (with acceptable scholarly exertion (IJTIHADIJTIHAD), be it analogous ), be it analogous

deduction (deduction (QIYASQIYAS), preference (), preference (ISTIHSANISTIHSAN), needs (), needs (MASLAHATMASLAHAT ) etc. ) etc.



Wa-Allaahu a’lam(IT IS ALLAH WHO KNOWS ALL)


““ASAANIF” ASAANIF” : THE CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE : THE CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE

UNTO WHICH ZAKAT MUST BE GIVEN TO.UNTO WHICH ZAKAT MUST BE GIVEN TO.


“ “ The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who The alms are only for the poor and the needy, and those who

collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and collect them, and those whose hearts are to be reconciled, and

to free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause of to free the captives and the debtors, and for the cause of

Allah, and (for) the wayfarerAllah, and (for) the wayfarer; a duty imposed by Allah; a duty imposed by Allah. Allah is . Allah is

Knower, Wise.” Knower, Wise.”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 60Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 60))


““The Believers men and women, are (The Believers men and women, are (AWLIYA’AWLIYA’) ) protectors protectors

one of anotherone of another: they enjoin what is just, and forbid what is : they enjoin what is just, and forbid what is

evil: they observe regular prayers (evil: they observe regular prayers (swolahswolah), practice ), practice

regular charity (regular charity (zakahzakah), and obey Allah and His Messenger. ), and obey Allah and His Messenger.

On them will Allah pour His mercy: for Allah is Exalted in On them will Allah pour His mercy: for Allah is Exalted in

power, Wise.” power, Wise.”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 71Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 71))


[1] The “poor; or those in poverty.” They are those who do not

possess any wealth, or whose income is less than ⅓ of what he

needs to sustain livelihood for himself and people under his

guardianship.

FUQARA’ - FAAQIRFUQARA’ - FAAQIR


[2] These are the “needy; those in need” or (those slightly better-

off than the “Faaqir”) who may have possessions and income, yet

“whose income is still less than ⅔ of what he needs to sustain

livelihood for himself and family under his care.”

MASAAKIN - MISKEENMASAAKIN - MISKEEN


[3] The full description is “[3] The full description is “those who are employed or working those who are employed or working

upon it upon it (collecting and distributing the zakah)”. (collecting and distributing the zakah)”.

This imply necessity for zakat institution be managed This imply necessity for zakat institution be managed

(efficiently) professionally; and to safeguard the honour of every (efficiently) professionally; and to safeguard the honour of every

Muslims from having to beg.Muslims from having to beg.

‘‘AAMILEEN – ‘AMILAAMILEEN – ‘AMIL


[4] The literal translation of this group is “those whose hearts are

reconciled (i.e. towards accepting Islam)”.

This is to ensure new Muslims’ every need is provided for,

even those who may be rich, they are entitled to disbursement

from the Islamic treasury.

MU-ALLAF MU-ALLAF


[5] From the word meaning “neck” – it refers to the ransoming or free

Muslims from slavery.

This shows that every Muslim must be freed from all forms of slavery

or from being under oppression. Their freedom must be accorded for them

(if need be) using the zakat funds.

Although chattel slavery no longer exist, yet Islamic scholars are known

to apply ‘Qiyas’ (juristic analogy) for what may constitute modern ‘slavery’.

RI-QAABRI-QAAB


[6] These are “those who are indebted”.

We differentiate “debt” from “loan”. Loan is merely one who

can afford to repay what he owes, except that it be deferred. He

is not what we mean by “one who is indebted”.

“Those indebted” are akin to “Faaqir & Miskeen” but in a temporary

sense, because of unforeseen expenditure incurred due to misfortune,

sickness, accident, calamities etc.

GHAA-RIMEENGHAA-RIMEEN


[7] Literally, it means “those (fighting, striving) in the Way of Allah”.

This is for those Muslim “Mujahideen” in the way of Allah,

during war as fighters; and In peace time, it include the “Mujahid

of Da’wah” i.e. those striving to “raise the kalimah of Allah, to be

highest” in the field of spreading the teachings of Islam through

Da’wah.

FEE-SABI-LILLAAHFEE-SABI-LILLAAH


[8] This refers to Muslim “travellers or wayfarer”.

A Muslim traveller in need, has rights to zakat funds, wherever or

whenever he encounters difficulty while travelling in Muslim lands. In

fact, there were times in history that the Islamic state provided 3 days

hospitality in caravanserais (Musafir-kana) managed by Islamic

treasury (Bayt-ul-Maal) , for every Muslim travellers.

IBNUS-SABEELIBNUS-SABEEL


““Fair in the eyes of men is the love of things they covetFair in the eyes of men is the love of things they covet: women : women

and sons; heaped-up hoards of gold and silver; horses branded (for and sons; heaped-up hoards of gold and silver; horses branded (for

blood and excellence); and (wealth of) cattle and well-tilled land. blood and excellence); and (wealth of) cattle and well-tilled land.

Such are the possessions of this world's life; Such are the possessions of this world's life; but in nearness to but in nearness to

Allah is the best of the goals (to return to).Allah is the best of the goals (to return to).””

((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3:14Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3:14))


"But seek, "But seek, with the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on with the (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on

thee, the Home of the Hereafterthee, the Home of the Hereafter, nor forget thy portion in this , nor forget thy portion in this

world: but do thou good, as Allah has been good to thee, and world: but do thou good, as Allah has been good to thee, and

seek not (occasions for) mischief in the land: for Allah loves not seek not (occasions for) mischief in the land: for Allah loves not

those who do mischief." those who do mischief."

((Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77Qur’an: Qasas: 28: 77))


“Who is he that will loan to Allah a beautiful loan,

(QARD’-HASANAH) which Allah will double unto his credit

and multiply many times? It is Allah that gives (you) want

or plenty and to Him shall be your return.”

(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 245)


Render not vain your almsgiving (swodaqat) by reproach and injury, (Q: Baqarah: 2: 264)


“ Those who spend their wealth in the cause of Allah and

follow not up their gifts with reminders of their generosity or

with injury,― for them their reward is with their Lord; on

them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. ”

(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 262)


“ “ Kind words and the covering of faults Kind words and the covering of faults are better are better

than charity followed by injury. Allah is free of all wants, than charity followed by injury. Allah is free of all wants,

and He is Most Forbearing. ” and He is Most Forbearing. ”



“ “ O ye who believe! O ye who believe! Render not vain your almsgiving Render not vain your almsgiving ((swodaqatswodaqat) )

by reproach and injury, like him who spends his wealth only to be by reproach and injury, like him who spends his wealth only to be

seen of men and believes not in Allah and the Last Day. His seen of men and believes not in Allah and the Last Day. His

likeness is as the likeness of a rock whereon is dust of earth; a likeness is as the likeness of a rock whereon is dust of earth; a

rainstorm smites it, leaving it smooth and bare. They have no rainstorm smites it, leaving it smooth and bare. They have no

control of aught of that which they have gained. Allah guides not control of aught of that which they have gained. Allah guides not

the disbelieving folk. ” the disbelieving folk. ”



“ “ The The Satan threatens you with poverty Satan threatens you with poverty and bids you to conduct and bids you to conduct

unseemly. Allah promises you His forgiveness and bounties and unseemly. Allah promises you His forgiveness and bounties and

Allah cares for all and He knows all things.”Allah cares for all and He knows all things.”



“ “ Whatever of good ye give benefits your own souls and ye shall Whatever of good ye give benefits your own souls and ye shall

only do so seeking the "Face" of Allah. only do so seeking the "Face" of Allah. Whatever good ye give, shall Whatever good ye give, shall

be rendered back to you be rendered back to you and ye shall not be dealt with unjustly. ”and ye shall not be dealt with unjustly. ”



““And let not those who And let not those who covetously withheld of the gifts which covetously withheld of the gifts which

Allah hath given them of His Grace think that it is good for themAllah hath given them of His Grace think that it is good for them: :

nay it will be the worse for them: soon it will be tied to their necks nay it will be the worse for them: soon it will be tied to their necks

like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgment. To Allah belongs the like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgment. To Allah belongs the

heritage of the heavens and the earth; and heritage of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is well Allah is well

acquainted with all that ye do.acquainted with all that ye do.””



““Allah hath heard the taunt of those who say: "Truly, Allah is Allah hath heard the taunt of those who say: "Truly, Allah is

indigent and we are rich!",― We shall certainly record their indigent and we are rich!",― We shall certainly record their

word and (their act) of slaying the Prophets in defiance of word and (their act) of slaying the Prophets in defiance of

right, and We shall say: "Taste ye the penalty of the right, and We shall say: "Taste ye the penalty of the

Scorching Fire!. “Scorching Fire!. “



“O ye who believe! There are indeed many among the priests

and anchorites, who in falsehood devour the wealth of men

and hinder (them) from the Way of Allah. And there are those

who bury gold and silver and spend it not in the way of Allah:

announce unto them a most grievous penalty.”

(Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 34)


““On the Day when On the Day when heat will be produced out of that (wealth) in heat will be produced out of that (wealth) in

the fire of Hell, and with it will be branded their foreheads, their the fire of Hell, and with it will be branded their foreheads, their

flanks and their backsflanks and their backs― "This is the (treasure) which ye buried ― "This is the (treasure) which ye buried

for yourselves: taste ye, then the (treasures) ye buried!" for yourselves: taste ye, then the (treasures) ye buried!"

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 35Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 35 ) )


““And spend [in the way of Allah] from what We have And spend [in the way of Allah] from what We have

provided you before death approaches provided you before death approaches one of you and he one of you and he

says, "My Lord, if only You would delay me for a brief term so says, "My Lord, if only You would delay me for a brief term so

I would give charity and be among the righteous. I would give charity and be among the righteous. But never But never

will Allah delay a soul when its time has comewill Allah delay a soul when its time has come. And Allah is . And Allah is

Acquainted with what you do..”Acquainted with what you do..”

((Qur’an: Munafiun: 63: 10-11Qur’an: Munafiun: 63: 10-11 ) )


“ “Protect your wealth Protect your wealth by paying the by paying the ZakahZakah, and , and heal your sick heal your sick

by giving charity (by giving charity (sadaqahsadaqah)”)”

((Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.wHadith of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.).)


““There is no wealth which is mixed with (portions in which) There is no wealth which is mixed with (portions in which)

zakatzakat (is not paid) except that it will be cause of destruction.” (is not paid) except that it will be cause of destruction.”



““If you fulfil (pay out) the If you fulfil (pay out) the zakat zakat upon your wealth with a good upon your wealth with a good

heart (i.e. without feeling regret or sense of loss, or being heart (i.e. without feeling regret or sense of loss, or being

insincere, hypocritical etc.), theninsincere, hypocritical etc.), then in reality you have been saved in reality you have been saved

from the evil (or harm which your wealth may bring upon you)from the evil (or harm which your wealth may bring upon you).”.”



““O Allah! Make sufficient for us our provision with what is O Allah! Make sufficient for us our provision with what is

lawful (halal) and not from what is forbidden (haram). lawful (halal) and not from what is forbidden (haram).

Enrich us with the bestowals from You alone, not from Enrich us with the bestowals from You alone, not from

other than You.”other than You.”

ALLA-HUM-MAK - FI-NAA BI-ALLA-HUM-MAK - FI-NAA BI-HHA-LAA-LI-KA- ‘AN-A-LAA-LI-KA- ‘AN-HHA-RAA-MIK, A-RAA-MIK, WA-ARGH-NI-NAA – BI – FAWA-ARGH-NI-NAA – BI – FADwDw -LI-KA – ‘AM-MAN –SI- WAAK -LI-KA – ‘AM-MAN –SI- WAAK


ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU- DZU – BIKA - MINAL-ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU- DZU – BIKA - MINAL-

BUKH-LI, WA – A-’UU-DZU- BIKA - MINAL-JUBNI,BUKH-LI, WA – A-’UU-DZU- BIKA - MINAL-JUBNI,

WA-A-’UU-DZU - BIKA MIN- AN- URAD -DA – ILAA – WA-A-’UU-DZU - BIKA MIN- AN- URAD -DA – ILAA –

AR-ZA- LIL- ‘UMUR , WA –A-’UU-DZU- BIKA – MIN – FITNA-TID-DUN-AR-ZA- LIL- ‘UMUR , WA –A-’UU-DZU- BIKA – MIN – FITNA-TID-DUN-

YAA – WA – ‘A-DZAA-BIL – QAB-RIYAA – WA – ‘A-DZAA-BIL – QAB-RI


““O AllO Allaah, I seek refuge in You from miserliness and cowardice, I h, I seek refuge in You from miserliness and cowardice, I

seek refuge in You lest I be returned to the worst of lives “i.e. seek refuge in You lest I be returned to the worst of lives “i.e.

old age, being weak, destitute, incapable and in a state of old age, being weak, destitute, incapable and in a state of

fear, etc.”, and I seek refuge in You from the trials and fear, etc.”, and I seek refuge in You from the trials and

tribulations of this worldly life and the punishment of the tribulations of this worldly life and the punishment of the

grave.”grave.”


““O Allah! We ask that You be pleased with us and (grant us) O Allah! We ask that You be pleased with us and (grant us)

the Paradise, and we seek refuge (in You) from Your wrath the Paradise, and we seek refuge (in You) from Your wrath

and the Hell-fire.”and the Hell-fire.”

ALLA-HUM-MA IN-NAA NAS-A-LU-KA RI- ALLA-HUM-MA IN-NAA NAS-A-LU-KA RI- DwDwAA -KA WAL JAN-NATA, AA -KA WAL JAN-NATA, WA-NA-’UU- DzU- BI-KA MIN SA-WA-NA-’UU- DzU- BI-KA MIN SA-KHKHA-TI-KA WAN-NAAR A-TI-KA WAN-NAAR


““(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad, (May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad,

salutations of Allah and Peace be upon him and his salutations of Allah and Peace be upon him and his

family, in accordance with what he deserves (in family, in accordance with what he deserves (in

Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”

JAZALLAA-HU ‘AN-NAA MUHAM-MADAN SWOL-LAL-LAAHU JAZALLAA-HU ‘AN-NAA MUHAM-MADAN SWOL-LAL-LAAHU ‘‘ALAY-HI WA- AA-LIHI WA-SAL-LA-MA – MAA HU-WA AH-LUHU ALAY-HI WA- AA-LIHI WA-SAL-LA-MA – MAA HU-WA AH-LUHU


WA - WA - SWSWOL-LAL-LAAHU – ‘A – LAA – SAI-YI-DI-NAA – MUOL-LAL-LAAHU – ‘A – LAA – SAI-YI-DI-NAA – MUHHAM-MADIN – AM-MADIN – WA – ‘ALAA – AA -LIHI – WA - WA – ‘ALAA – AA -LIHI – WA - SWSWOOHH – BI-HI – WAS - SAL-LA-M – BI-HI – WAS - SAL-LA-M

“ “And may the Salutations of Allah and peace be upon And may the Salutations of Allah and peace be upon

our Leader Muhammad our Leader Muhammad

and his family and Companions.”and his family and Companions.”


””Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (He Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (He

is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace on is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace on

the Messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord and the Messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord and

Cherisher of the Worlds.” Cherisher of the Worlds.”

((Qur’an : Saffat: 37 : 180-182Qur’an : Saffat: 37 : 180-182))


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http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/

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