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The English Language

Profª. Eliana Santos de Souza e Santos

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English is:

a Germanic language originating mainly inEngland;

the first language for most people in Australia, Canada, Caribbean Islands,,Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdomand the United States of America, India and

some African countries; described as the first global Lingua franca.

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WHERE AND HOW IT ALL BEGAN

??????? 

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THE CELTS

The history begins

with the Celts.

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WHEN AND WHERE

From 700 BC

to 100 AD the

Celts lived in

regions whichare known as

England,

France, Spain,

and Germany.

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The Celtic remained

as the main language

in Europe for a long

time.

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THE ROMAN PRESENCE

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THE ROMAN PRESENCE

Roman military expedition by emperor 

Julius Ceasar in 55 BC;

Roman invasion by emperor Claudius in 43 AD;

 Almost 400 years of Roman control;

In 410 A.D., the Roman legions leavesBritain.

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OTHER INVASORS

Angles;

Saxons;

Jutes;

Frisians.

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THE FORMATION OF THEENGLISH LANGUAGE

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A COMPLEX HISTORY

The dialects spoken by the Angles and the

Saxons mix with the Celts’ language,

which, in its turn, had already been mixedwith Latin;

The English language starts to be born.

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THE CRISTIANITY INFLUENCE

In 432 AD St. Patrick begins hismission of taking Cristianity tothe Celts in Ireland;

In 597 the church sendsmissionaries led by St. Augustine to convert Angle-Saxons to Cristianity;

Through this process, Latin

words related to religion areincorporated to the language of the Angle-saxons.

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VIKING INVASION

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THE VIKING PRESENCE

In the late 8th century

the Vikings begin a

series of attacks

against England. Theystay there for 200

years;

Words of Old Norse 

are incorporated to

English;

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THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS

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 NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND

In 1066 a historic event

alters the courses of the

English language;

The Norman wins the Angle-saxons in the Battle

of Hastings;

During the 300 years of 

French rule,the French is

the language of the court,

law and administration .

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THE LANGUAGE CONSOLIDATION

The English language recovers its prestige in the late15th century, influenced both by the nationalistmovement and the invention of the printing press;

The invention of printing press makes it possible thespread of a standardised linguistic pattern;

The first dictionaries and garmmar books strenghten the

language by standardising ortography and promotinggramatical unit.

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To be or 

not to be? 

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

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SHAKESPEARE’S CONTRIBUITION 

Creative use of vocabulary;

Creation of new words;

 Adding of prefixes and suffixes; Using of conotative language;

Developing of a literary language.

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THE ENGLISH LANGAUGE ARRIVESIN AMERICA

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AMERICAN ENGLISH

The English language spoken in America differsa little from that spoken in Europe due to thecontact with

the reality of a new environment;

the indian native cultures;

the Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese and Frenchlanguages;

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THE ENGLISH LANGAUGE ARRIVESIN AUSTRALIA

In 1770 Captain Cook

takes possession of 

the Australian

continent for Britain.

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THE ENGLISH LANGAUGE SPREADSWORLDWIDE

Establishment of British colonies in: Cape (1806), SierraLeone (1808), Malta, Mauritius, Saint Lucia and Tobago(1914), Bathurst –Gambia (1820), Singapore (1819),etc.

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THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE

“English has become a world language by

virtue of the political and economic

progress made by English speakingnations in the past 200 years, and is likely

to remain so, gradually consolidating its

position.” David Crystal

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ENGLISH TODAY

 A dominant international languagerequired in many fields, professions, and

occupations.

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COMMUNICATIONS

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INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

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AVIATION & TRAFFIC CONTROL

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SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

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POLITICS

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POLITICS

English is used

in the meetings of the European Union;

in the meetings of the United Nations; in summits;

in Diplomacy;

in interviews given by world leaders.

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ENTERTEINMENT

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SPORTS

English is the officiallanguage of 

The International

Olympic Committee; FIFA;

F1;

Several other 

international athleticorganizations.

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EDUCATION

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ADVERTISING

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 “Learning English is no longer a luxury. It

is a necessity.

Learning English has an essential role in

preparing people to cope with the new

perspectives brought about by a rapidly

changing society – not only abroad, but

within their own community” David Crystal

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MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING

“Language is prerequisitefor full mutualunderstanding andcooperation betweennations.” 

“FLL promotesunderstanding, toleranceand respect for culturalidentity, rights and valuesof others;” 

“Language learning, aswell as travel, broadensthe mind.” David Crystal

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REFFERENCES:

Baugh, Albert. A History of the English Language, Oxford: \UniversityPress, 1997 

Crack, Glen Ray. Battle of Hastings 1066 <http://battle1066.com/>. Online.

June 27, 2001. Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language.

Cambridge University Press, 1999. .

McArthur, Tom. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford,1992.

Myres, J.N.L. The English Settlements (Oxford History of England), OxfordUniversity Press, 1986

Schütz, Ricardo. "História da Língua Inglesa." English Made in Brazil <http://www.sk.com.br/sk-enhis.html>. Online. 14 de janeiro de 2007.