slides by dr eoin o'dell at copyright law for digital teaching and learning, may 2014
TRANSCRIPT
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&
Images via http://www.tcd.ie and http://teachingandlearning.ie
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Copyright TeachingReform Learning
Dr Eoin O’Dell, School of Law, TCDChair, Copyright Review Committee
4
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Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jobsenterinnov/10571664844/in/photostream/ used by kind permission of DJEI
Copyright Review Committee
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image source: http://pixabay.com/en/flat-food-cake-cartoon-desserts-25430/
Established 9 May 2011
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Terms of Reference
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Vaticanus_B,_2Thess._3,11-18,_Hebr._1,1-2,2.jpg
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Terms of Reference
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Vaticanus_B,_2Thess._3,11-18,_Hebr._1,1-2,2.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
1 Examine copyright legislation to identify barriers to innovation
2 Recommend solutions
3 Examine fair use
4 Make EU Recommendations
Digital-compliant / tech-neutral
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1 First public meeting (04/07/11)2 First round of submissions3 Paper (29/02/12)
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf
#CRC12
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4 Second public meeting (24/04/12)5 Second round of submissions
incl online questionnaires
6 Report (01/10/13)Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
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Image sources: http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/Picts/cathach.shrine.jpg and http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf
#CRC13
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#CRC13
Image sources: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg and : http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image source: http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/en/Publications/CRC-Report.pdf
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7 Third public meeting (09/12/13)8 DJEI - “thinking / listening” mode9 New Act? 2014?? #CRC14
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
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©http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ & http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/ & http://www.briarpress.org/684
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Copyright Council
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Copyright Councilcreated by the copyright community as an independent self-funding body with a widely representative Boardrecognised by the Ministersupported and underpinned by the Bill
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
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Copyright Council
AlternativeDisputeResolutionService
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/6275331005/sizes/o/in/photostream/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Copyright Council
OrphanWorks
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_kennington_orphans_1885.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Copyright Council
Education, Advice, Advocacy
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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OrphanWorks
Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/copyrightconsultation.htm
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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©http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Printer_in_1568-ce.png
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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RightsownersDid not recommend levies
Remove unintended potential perpetual copyright in unpublished works
Extend the range of civil remedies, incl - damages- rights of rightsowners to
enforce TPMs
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Printer_in_1568-ce.png
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Photographers
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photographers_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg
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©Image sources: http://www.google.com and http://www.youtube.com
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OrphanWorks
Image source: http://www.mcgarrsolicitors.ie/2012/05/10/newspaper-licencing-ireland/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Linking not an infringement of copyright …
(draft Section 87A(1) CRRA)
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/34547181@N00/4309431757/
Linking
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… unless linker knew or ought to have known that it linked to infringing copy
(draft Section 87A(2) CRRA)
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpg
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a hyperlink is not enough to constitute communication to the public
Paramount v BSkyB [2013] EWHC 3479 (Ch) (13 Nov 2013)
[32] (Arnold J)
Image sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sky_logo.svg and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paramount_Pictures_logo_(2013).jpg
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a clickable link is a communication but not “to a new public”
Svensson v Retriever Sverige AB
Case C-466/12 CJEU 13 Feb 2014 [25]
Image source: http://books.google.ie/books?id=hxxAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA385#v=onepage&q&f=false
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Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_marshalling
Marshalling
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Marshalling
Reproduction of a very small snippet of text reasonably adjacent to the link
< 160 characters or 2.5% of the workSubject to a cap of 40 words
Draft section 87A(3)-(6) CRRA
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_marshalling
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©Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
etc
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers etc
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
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Fair dealing
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stow_Horse_Fair_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1576355.jpg
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Fair Dealing: Education
“the purposes of research or private study” (s50)
“in the course of instruction or of preparation for instruction” (s53(1))
“anything done for the purposes of an examination” (s53(5))
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
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Fair Dealing: Education
Mary scanned Olive’s diagram
Sources http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta_Negative_Decay.svg
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Fair Dealing: Education
Mary scanned Olive’s diagram
Powerpoint - “instruction” (53(1))
Moodle - “private study” (s50)
Assessments - “examination” (53(5))
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
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Fair Dealing: Education
Images: http://www.ucc.ie http://www.cch.ca/_images/sections/CCH_Logo.gif and http://www.lsuc.on.ca/images/imgLSUCLogo.png
[2004] 1 SCR 339, 2004 SCC 13
v
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Fair Dealing: Education
“the purposes of education, research or private study (s50)”
“in the course of education or of preparation for education” (s53(1))
“illustration for education” (s57)
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
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Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
Section 53 doesn’t mention films.
Does section 55 (showing film for purposes of instruction) cover it?
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
If not, would new section 55 (showing film for purposes of education) cover it?
If not, would new section 57(1), on illustration for education, cover it?
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
Distance
Learning
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
Distance
Learning
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
not a copyright infringement if (a) an educational establishment communicates a lesson or examination to a student by telecommunication, and (b) the student reproduces it in order to be able to listen to or view it at a more convenient time.
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Use of work
available on
the internet
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Use of work
available on
the internet
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
not a copyright infringement if an educational establishmentreproduces or communicates a work that is available through the internet; provided that the reproduction or communication is accompanied by a sufficient acknowledgement.
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UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
etc
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers etc
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
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Section 104 CRRA
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disability_symbols.svg
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A designated body may
(a) make a copy of a work for the purpose of modifying that copy to meet the special needs of a person who has a physical or mental disability, and
(b) supply that modified copy to that person, …
Section 104 CRRA
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disability_symbols.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Reform s104 CRRA to allow for • expanded definition of disability• making single copies for
personal use• designated bodies sharing
accessible copies • obligations on publishers
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disability_symbols.svg
Disability@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled
Adopted on 27 June 2013
Image sources: http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marrakesh_spices.jpg
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Contracting parties must adopt provisions to allow for the exchange of these accessible format works across borders by designated bodies
http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marrakesh_spices.jpg & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html
#CRC13
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/barnier/headlines/news/2014/04/20140430_en.htm
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DFA/DJEI: sign “by end of June”
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©
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Special innovation exception
for works which are substantially different from the original work or substantially transform the original work
Draft section 106E CRRA
Entrepreneurs
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©Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684
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Heritage
Archives, Galleries, Libraries, Museums, etc
• Format shifting for archival or preservation purposes
• Catalogues• Digital deposit
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684
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Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
The brief and limited display of a reproduction of a work
(a) for educational purposes in an educational establishment or other heritage institution
constitutes “fair dealing”…
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684
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Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
The brief and limited display of a reproduction of a work
(b) during a public lecture given in an educational establishment or other heritage institution
constitutes “fair dealing”…
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684
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Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
The communication of such a reproduction, through the internet or otherwise,
constitutes “fair dealing”
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684
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Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
Mary scanned Olive’s diagram for a Powerpoint slide in a lecture; and took a 10min clip from a movie for a lecture.
How would 69A(2) apply?
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
http://www.briarpress.org/684 & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta_Negative_Decay.svg & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg
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Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/St._John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Warsaw_–_Relief_-_06.jpg
fairuse
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Fair Use: US-style?
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us.html
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image sources: http://www.cambridge.org/ and http://www.gsu.edu/
863 F Supp 2d 1190 (ND Ga, 2012)
v
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Fair Use: US-style?
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us.html
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Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html
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Existing exceptions Examples of fair useMust be considered before getting to fair use analysisCan provide basis of analogy for finding of fair use
Fair Use: Irish-style
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Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html
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turns on “such matters as the court considers relevant”
including “any or some or all” of up to 9 factors (not just 4 as in US)
Fair Use: Irish-style
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Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html
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Analogy with existing exceptionsPurpose and character of use- eg non-consumptive or transformative- eg secondary infringementNature of workAmount and substantiality of use
Factors
Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html
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Impact of use on normal commercial exploitation of workPossibility of obtaining work or licence (“sufficient rights”)Interests of owner (Berne)Acknowledgement
Factors
Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html
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Copyright Council
Education, Advice, Advocacy
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
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Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Mary took 10min clip from movie.
If ss53 (fair dealing) and 55 (showing film for instruction/education) don’t apply, and
if new ss57(1) (illustration for education) and 69A(2) (lectures) don’t apply,
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Fair Dealing: Education
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Fair Use: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
If ss53 (fair dealing) and 55 (showing film for instruction/education) don’t apply, and
if new ss57(1) (illustration for education) and 69A(2) (lectures) don’t apply,
could fair use?
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/consultations/2013/copyright-rules/index_en.htm
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
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@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
“… formal proposals for legislative reform arising from the [CRC] Report in 2014” (p2)
Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf
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7 Third public meeting (09/12/13)8 DJEI - “thinking / listening” mode9 New Act? 2014?? #CRC14
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
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9 New Act, 2014 !! #CRC14
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@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Linking & marshalling
Education
UGC
Personal use
Format shifting
http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html
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@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Linking & marshalling
Education
UGC
Personal use
Format shifting
http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html
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http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-redx-1.html
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Copyright Council
Innovation
Heritage
Fair Use
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Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nothing_stone.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Almost
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Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/labourparty/5386120714/
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Image “Rolling Elvi” by Peter Clarke on Flickr. Source: ttp://www.flickr.com/photos/clarkzip/7973863568/
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Image “Rolling Elvi” by Peter Clarke on Flickr. Source: ttp://www.flickr.com/photos/clarkzip/7973863568/
Thank you very much
Any Questions?
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&
Images via http://www.tcd.ie and http://teachingandlearning.ie Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ie/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Copyright TeachingReform Learning
Dr Eoin O’Dell, School of Law, TCDChair, Copyright Review Committee
4