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SVTH : Trn Nguyt Mai Trang Lp : 10CNVLH4 GVHD : TS. on Th Thu Loan
Tng quan l thuytChng 1. Cc k thut trng hp PVC
Chng 2. Trng hp huyn phChng 3. Tnh cht v ng dng Kt lun
Tng quan l thuyt1 2Lch s PVC
Nhu cu s dng
Khi nim Khi nimPolyvinylclorua (PVC) l loi nha nhit do c to thnh t phn ng trng hp vinylclorua (VC)
M hnh khng gian ca PVC
Lch s PVC
PVC c pht hin u tin vo nm 1835 bi Henri Regnault Nm 1926 tin s Waldo Semon pht hin ha cht do cho PVC khc phc nhc im khi gia cng Hin nay phng php sn xut PVC c ci tin v nng cao hiu sut n c s dng rng ri nhiu ni v nhiu lnh vc
Nhu cu s dng
Hnh 1. Tiu th PVC Ty u v Cng ha Sc, Hungary, Ba Lan v SlovakiaPVC c th lm ra rt nhiu dng sn phm v mc tng trng trung bnh trn quy m ton cu l 5%
Nhu cu s dng
Hnh 2. Kh nng cung cu PVC Vit Nam Sn xut PVC trong nc khng p ng nhu cu m phi nhp thm t nc ngoi
Cc k thut trng hp1. Trng hp khi 2. Trng hp trong dung dch 3. Trng hp huyn ph 4. Trng hp nh tng
Monome vinylclorua Trng hp khi
Cht khi u
Add Your Text
Khuy trn
Phng php n gin, cht lng sn phm km cung cp 10% tng sn lng PVC trn th gii
ch
Monome vinylclorua
Cht khi u Trng hp trong dung miAdd Your Text
Khuy trn
Dung mi
Xy ra phn ng chuyn mch, tn nng lng tch dung mi ra khi sn phm, khng kinh t t dng
Nc
Vinylclorua
Cht ngt mch phn ng
Trng hp huyn ph
Cht n nh huyn ph
Cht n nh pHCht khi mo
Cht n nh nhit
c s dng rng ri, khng gy ra hin tng nhit cc b, sn phm tinh khit
Nc
Cht khi u
Monome
Trng hp nh tngCht nh ha
Cht iu ha sc cng b mt
Cht iu chnh pH
Khng gy hin tng nhit cc b, polyme c khi lng phn t cao, sn phm cha nhiu tp cht
Trng hp huyn ph
1
Nguyn liu
23 4
C ch trng hpiu kin v cc yu t nh hng
Dy chuyn cng ngh v thuyt minh s
Nguyn liu Vinylclorua L nguyn liu chnh sn xut PVC Cng thc cu to L cht kh khng mu, c mi ete nh, khng tan trong nc, tan trong mt s dung mi hu c: axeton, ru etylic, HC thm Mt s thng s vt l
Nhit si: ts = -13,9oC Nhit nng chy: tnc = -159oC Khi lng ring -12,9oC : d = 0,9692g/cm3 n nhit ha hi: r = 85,7Kcal/kg Ngoi ra cn s dng mt s nguyn liu: nc, cht n nh huyn ph, cht khi mo, cht n nh nhit, cht n nh pH, cht ngt mch phn ng
C ch trng hp Giai on khi mo: khi mo nhit, quang dng cc cht bc x, khi mo bng cc cht khi mo ha hc
Cht khi mo ha hc Benzoyl peroxides
T-butyl hydro peroxide
2,2-Azobisizobutyronitrile (AIBN)
C ch trng hp Giai on pht trin mch:R* + CH2 CH Cl R CH2 CH H* Cl
Cc gc ca cht khi mo s tc dng vi monome to cc trung tm hot ng, cc trung tm hot ng tip tc tc dng vi monome thc hin phn ng pht trin mch
C ch trng hp Giai on ngt mch Ti hp gc
Bt t phn
iu kin v cc yu t nh hngNng cht khi mo
Nhit
Nng monome
O2 v tp cht
iu kin v cc yu t nh hngAdd Your Text
p sut
Dy chuyn cng ngh
Hnh 3. S dy chuyn cng ngh
Tnh cht v ng dng
Tnh cht
ng dng
ha tan
bn c hc bn ha cht
Tnh cht ca PVC bn nhit xp
cch in
ng dng ca PVCPVC cng PVC cng l PVC c
PVC mmPVC mm l PVC c trn thm cht ha do. PVC mm sn xut ra hng lot sn phm c tnh cht mm mi, c do khi h nhit . N ph hp trong gia cng cc sn phm nh mng mng, lp ph, bt nho, nha xp, vi gi da...
thnh phn ch yu l bt PVC, cht n nh nhit, cht ph gia, cht bi trn...(khng c cht ha do) PVC cng c dng lm ng dn nc, xng du v kh nhit khng qu 60o, cc thit b thng gi, dng bc cc kim loi lm vic trong mi trng n mn.
Mt s hnh nh
Co nha
Tm p trn
Tn nha
Ca cun
Khn tri bn
Vn nha
ng lun dy in
o ma
Cp xch
Kt lunPVC c nhng c tnh u vit: bn, n hi, tnh cht c hc, tnh kinh t Rt thun li cho vic thay th mt s vt liu khc: Kim loi, hp kim Gp phn tit kim ngun nng lng ang dn cn kit l du m Ra i sau nhng n chim u th trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip PVC rt cn cho cuc sng hin i v vy trong tng lai chng cn tr nn an ton hn, nh gn hn, trong sut hn, sch hn, bn hpn, r hn
Sinh vin: Trn Nguyt Mai Trang